Spelling suggestions: "subject:" throughput"" "subject:" hroughput""
1 |
Analysis of Data Throughput in Narrow Band Cognitive Radio NetworksShih, Li-Huang 15 February 2011 (has links)
Cognitive radio network is discussing how to enhance frequency reuse by
allowing the unlicensed users to utilize the frequency bands of licensed users
when these bands are not currently being used. Generally speaking, we called
these unlicensed users as secondary users and these licensed users as primary
users. In order to enhance frequency reuse, the secondary users need to monitor
the spectrum continuously to avoid possible interference with the primary users,
and once the primary users are found to be active, the secondary users are
required to vacate the frequency bands. Therefore, spectrum sensing plays a
significant important role in cognitive radio network. There are two probability
values associated with spectrum sensing: probability of detection and probability
of false alarm. The higher the probability of detection means the better theprimary users are protected. However, from the secondary users¡¦ perspective, the
lower the probability of false alarm, the more chances the frequency bands can
be reused when it is available, thus the higher the achievable throughput for the
secondary network.
In this thesis, we study the problem of designing the sensing duration to
maximize the achievable throughput for the secondary network under the
constraint that the primary user is sufficiently protected. We formulate the
sensing-throughput tradeoff problem mathematically, and use energy detection
¡]ED¡^[4] sensing scheme to prove that the formulated problem indeed has oneoptimal sensing time that yields the highest throughput for the secondary
network. We also discuss the case of two secondary users with the concept of
cooperative systems.
|
2 |
Orchestrating thread scheduling and cache management to improve memory system throughput in throughput processorsLi, Dong, active 21st century 10 July 2014 (has links)
Throughput processors such as GPUs continue to provide higher peak arithmetic capability. Designing a high throughput memory system to keep the computational units busy is very challenging. Future throughput processors must continue to exploit data locality and utilize the on-chip and off-chip resources in the memory system more effectively to further improve the memory system throughput. This dissertation advocates orchestrating the thread scheduler with the cache management algorithms to alleviate GPU cache thrashing and pollution, avoid bandwidth saturation and maximize GPU memory system throughput. Based on this principle, this thesis work proposes three mechanisms to improve the cache efficiency and the memory throughput. This thesis work enhances the thread throttling mechanism with the Priority-based Cache Allocation mechanism (PCAL). By estimating the cache miss ratio with a variable number of cache-feeding threads and monitoring the usage of key memory system resources, PCAL determines the number of threads to share the cache and the minimum number of threads bypassing the cache that saturate memory system resources. This approach reduces the cache thrashing problem and effectively employs chip resources that would otherwise go unused by a pure thread throttling approach. We observe 67% improvement over the original as-is benchmarks and a 18% improvement over a better-tuned warp-throttling baseline. This work proposes the AgeLRU and Dynamic-AgeLRU mechanisms to address the inter-thread cache thrashing problem. AgeLRU prioritizes cache blocks based on the scheduling priority of their fetching warp at replacement. Dynamic-AgeLRU selects the AgeLRU algorithm and the LRU algorithm adaptively to avoid degrading the performance of non-thrashing applications. There are three variants of the AgeLRU algorithm: (1) replacement-only, (2) bypassing, and (3) bypassing with traffic optimization. Compared to the LRU algorithm, the above mentioned three variants of the AgeLRU algorithm enable increases in performance of 4%, 8% and 28% respectively across a set of cache-sensitive benchmarks. This thesis work develops the Reuse-Prediction-based cache Replacement scheme (RPR) for the GPU L1 data cache to address the intra-thread cache pollution problem. By combining the GPU thread scheduling priority together with the fetching Program Counter (PC) to generate a signature as the index of the prediction table, RPR identifies and prioritizes the near-reuse blocks and high-reuse blocks to maximize the cache efficiency. Compared to the AgeLRU algorithm, the experimental results show that the RPR algorithm results in a throughput improvement of 5% on average for regular applications, and a speedup of 3.2% on average across a set of cache-sensitive benchmarks. The techniques proposed in this dissertation are able to alleviate the cache thrashing, cache pollution and resource saturation problems effectively. We believe when these techniques are combined, they will synergistically further improve GPU cache efficiency and the overall memory system throughput. / text
|
3 |
VLPW: The Very Long Packet Window Architecture for High Throughput Network-On-Chip Router DesignsGu, Haiyin 2011 August 1900 (has links)
ChipMulti-processor (CMP) architectures have become mainstream for designing processors. With a large number of cores, Network-On-Chip (NOC) provides a scalable communication method for CMPs. NOC must be carefully designed to provide low latencies and high throughput in the resource-constrained environment. To improve the network throughput, we propose the Very Long Packet Window (VLPW) architecture for the NOC router design that tries to close the throughput gap between state-of-the-art on-chip routers and the ideal interconnect fabric. To improve throughput, VLPW optimizes Switch Allocation (SA) efficiency. Existing SA normally applies Round-Robin scheduling to arbitrate among the packets targeting the same output port. However, this simple approach suffers from low arbitration efficiency and incurs low network throughput. Instead of relying solely on simple switch scheduling, the VLPW router design globally schedules all the input packets, resolves the output conflicts and achieves high throughput. With the VLPW architecture, we propose two scheduling schemes: Global Fairness and Global Diversity. Our simulation results show that the VLPW router achieves more than 20% throughput improvement without negative effects on zero-load latency.
|
4 |
Untersuchungen im Rahmen einer Konzeption und Entwicklung eines neuen biohybriden Mikrosystems für den Einsatz im pharmazeutischen "Screening" /Thielecke, Hagen. January 2003 (has links) (PDF)
Univ., Diss.--Saarbrücken, 2002.
|
5 |
Fluorophore für Anwendungen im High-throughput-ScreeningBlödorn, Britta. January 2003 (has links)
Düsseldorf, Universiẗat, Diss., 2003.
|
6 |
Microfluidic Devices for Cell Based High Throughput ScreeningUpadhyaya, Sarvesh 04 1900 (has links)
Cell based High Throughput Screening (HTS) has become a very important method in pharmaceutical drug discovery and presently carried out using robots and well plates. A microfluidics based device for cell based HTS using traditional cell culture protocol would be a significant addition to the field. In this thesis novel microfluidic HTS devices targeted for cell based assays having traditional non-compartmentalized agar gel as cell culture medium and electric control over drug dose is being reported. The basic design of device consists of a gel layer supported by a nanoporous membrane that is bonded to microchannels underneath it. The pores of membrane are blocked everywhere except in selected regions that serve as fluidic interfaces between the microchannel below and the gel above. Upon application of electric field nanopores start to act as electrokinetic pumps. By selectively switching an array of such micropumps, a number of spots -containing drug molecules- are created simultaneously in the gel layer. By diffusion drugs reach to the top surface of gel where cells are to be grown. Based on this principle, a number of different devices are fabricated using microfabrication technology. The fabricated devices include, single drug spot forming device, multiple drug spot forming device and microarray of drug spots forming device. By controlling pumping potential and duration spots sizes ranging from 200μm to 6mm diameter and having inter-spot distances of 0.4mm-10mm have been created. Absence of diffusional transport through the nanoporous interfaces without electric field is demonstrated. A number of representative molecules, including surrogate drug molecules (trypan blue, and methylene blue) and biomolecules (DNA and protein) were selected for demonstration purpose. Dosing range of 50-3000 μg and spot density of 156 spots/cm² were achieved. The drug spot density was found to be limited by molecular diffusion in gel and hence numerical study was carried to find out ways for density increase. Based on this simulation, a method for diffusion reduction called diffusion barrier was proposed. Diffusion barrier used specially dimensioned (having shallow grooves) gel sheet to reduce the diffusion. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
|
7 |
Estimation of QoE aware sustainable throughput in relation to TCP throughput to evaluate the user experienceRouthu, Venkata Sai Kalyan January 2018 (has links)
Recent years the research focus began on “Quality of Experience” (QoE) that addresses user satisfaction level and improvement of service. The notation sustainable throughput, sometimes also called reliable throughput, ensures user satisfaction level at the same time requires an optimum resource to provide the service. In the context of communication, it becomes important to analyze user behavior with respect to network performance. Since the user is closer to the transport layer than the network layer, there opens a new domain to relate “QoE aware sustainable throughput” and “TCP throughput”. There is a need to further investigation of “QoE aware sustainable throughput” as it the one which sufficiently QoE, while “TCP throughput” is the result of a control process on a layer. Moreover, it is essential to estimate the QoE aware sustainable throughput based on HTTP streaming on the server and client application may result in a closer understanding of the nature of TCP in terms of user expectation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of video streaming considering the TCP throughput in the presence of network disturbances, packet loss, and delay. The TCP packet behavior is observed in the experimental test setup. The quality assessment at which the QoE problems can still be kept at the desired level is determined. Mean opinion scores of the preferred use cases for the dash and non-dash server is used to estimate the relationship factor between “TCP throughput” and “QoE aware sustainable throughput”.
|
8 |
Throughput Measurements and Empirical Prediction Models for IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN (WLAN) InstallationsHenty, Benjamin E. 19 August 2001 (has links)
Typically a wireless LAN infrastructure is designed and installed by Networking professionals. These individuals are extremely familiar with wired networks, but are often unfamiliar with wireless networks. Thus, Wireless LAN installations are currently handicapped by the lack of an accurate, performance prediction model that is intuitive for use by non-wireless professionals.
To provide a solution to this problem, this thesis presents a method of predicting the expected wireless LAN throughput using a site-specific model of an indoor environment. In order to develop this throughput prediction model, two wireless LAN throughput measurement products, LANFielder and SiteSpy, were created. These two products, which are patent pending, allow site-specific network performance measurements to be made. These two software packages were used to conduct an extensive measurement campaign to evaluate the performance of two IEEE 802.11b access points (APs) under ideal, multiuser, and interference scenarios. The data from this measurement campaign was then used to create empirically based throughput prediction models. The resulting models were first developed using RSSI measurements and then confirmed using predicted signal strength parameters. / Master of Science
|
9 |
New linkers for the direct biological assay of combinatorial librariesBritton, Jennifer Kathleen Susan January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
|
10 |
Techniques for Shared Resource Management in Systems with Throughput ProcessorsAusavarungnirun, Rachata 01 May 2017 (has links)
The continued growth of the computational capability of throughput processors has made throughput processors the platform of choice for a wide variety of high performance computing applications. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are a prime example of throughput processors that can deliver high performance for applications ranging from typical graphics applications to general-purpose data parallel (GPGPU) applications. However, this success has been accompa- nied by new performance bottlenecks throughout the memory hierarchy of GPU-based systems. This dissertation identifies and eliminates performance bottlenecks caused by major sources of interference throughout the memory hierarchy. Specifically, we provide an in-depth analysis of inter- and intra-application as well as inter- address-space interference that significantly degrade the performance and efficiency of GPU-based systems. To minimize such interference, we introduce changes to the memory hierarchy for systems with GPUs that allow the memory hierarchy to be aware of both CPU and GPU applications’ charac- teristics. We introduce mechanisms to dynamically analyze different applications’ characteristics and propose four major changes throughout the memory hierarchy. First, we introduce Memory Divergence Correction (MeDiC), a cache management mecha- nism that mitigates intra-application interference in GPGPU applications by allowing the shared L2 cache and the memory controller to be aware of the GPU’s warp-level memory divergence characteristics. MeDiC uses this warp-level memory divergence information to give more cache space and more memory bandwidth to warps that benefit most from utilizing such resources. Our evaluations show that MeDiC significantly outperforms multiple state-of-the-art caching policies proposed for GPUs. Second, we introduce the Staged Memory Scheduler (SMS), an application-aware CPU-GPU memory request scheduler that mitigates inter-application interference in heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems. SMS creates a fundamentally new approach to memory controller design that decouples the memory controller into three significantly simpler structures, each of which has a separate task, These structures operate together to greatly improve both system performance and fairness. Our three-stage memory controller first groups requests based on row-buffer locality. This grouping allows the second stage to focus on inter-application scheduling decisions. These two stages en- force high-level policies regarding performance and fairness. As a result, the last stage is simple logic that deals only with the low-level DRAM commands and timing. SMS is also configurable: it allows the system software to trade off between the quality of service provided to the CPU versus GPU applications. Our evaluations show that SMS not only reduces inter-application interference caused by the GPU, thereby improving heterogeneous system performance, but also provides better scalability and power efficiency compared to multiple state-of-the-art memory schedulers. Third, we redesign the GPU memory management unit to efficiently handle new problems caused by the massive address translation parallelism present in GPU computation units in multi- GPU-application environments. Running multiple GPGPU applications concurrently induces significant inter-core thrashing on the shared address translation/protection units; e.g., the shared Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB), a new phenomenon that we call inter-address-space interference. To reduce this interference, we introduce Multi Address Space Concurrent Kernels (MASK). MASK introduces TLB-awareness throughout the GPU memory hierarchy and introduces TLBand cache-bypassing techniques to increase the effectiveness of a shared TLB. Finally, we introduce Mosaic, a hardware-software cooperative technique that further increases the effectiveness of TLB by modifying the memory allocation policy in the system software. Mosaic introduces a high-throughput method to support large pages in multi-GPU-application environments. The key idea is to ensure memory allocation preserve address space contiguity to allow pages to be coalesced without any data movements. Our evaluations show that the MASK-Mosaic combination provides a simple mechanism that eliminates the performance overhead of address translation in GPUs without significant changes to GPU hardware, thereby greatly improving GPU system performance. The key conclusion of this dissertation is that a combination of GPU-aware cache and memory management techniques can effectively mitigate the memory interference on current and future GPU-based systems as well as other types of throughput processors.
|
Page generated in 0.0387 seconds