Lui, Hor Yan Joyce. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-184). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / English Abstract --- p.i / Chinese Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.vi / List of Figures --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Research Area and Objectives --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background and Conceptual Framework --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Research --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Methodology --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5 --- Chapter Organization --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Hong Kong in the Midst of its Transformation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- A State of Euphoria: Prelude to the Crisis --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Post 1997 Crisis --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Development of Social Security in Hong Kong --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- The Paradox --- p.26 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Welfare Debate --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Social Democratic Welfare Regimes --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Essential Characteristics --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Rise and Fall of the Welfare State --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- The New Right --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Social Development Approach as an Alternative --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Governments' Responses in the West --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1 --- Workfare Programs Gaining Currency --- p.39 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Origin and Development of Workfare Programs in the West --- p.41 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Debates in the Rhetoric of Workfare --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Mandatory versus Voluntary --- p.45 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Work-first versus Education-first --- p.47 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Common Goal shared by various Emphases --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Effectiveness of Workfare Programs --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- The Bright Side --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.4.2 --- The Dark Side --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Hong Kong Government's Responses to the Paradox --- p.54 / Chapter 5.1 --- Multi-directional Interventions --- p.54 / Chapter 5.2 --- Workfare Initiatives --- p.56 / Chapter 5.3 --- Focus of the Present Study --- p.66 / Chapter Chapter Six: --- Research Methodology --- p.68 / Chapter 6.1 --- Overview of the Research Design --- p.68 / Chapter 6.2 --- Philosophical Orientation and Justifications --- p.70 / Chapter 6.3 --- Sampling --- p.72 / Chapter 6.4 --- Data Collection Method --- p.75 / Chapter 6.5 --- Data Analysis --- p.77 / Chapter 6.6 --- Ethical Concerns --- p.84 / Chapter 6.7 --- Research Rigour --- p.85 / Chapter 6.8 --- Reflections --- p.87 / Chapter 6.8 --- Limitations of the Study --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter Seven: --- Major Findings of the Study --- p.91 / Chapter 7.1 --- Profile of the Interviewees --- p.92 / Chapter 7.2 --- Characteristics of the IEAP Studied --- p.95 / Chapter 7.3 --- Major Findings --- p.96 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Users' Overall Impression on the IEAP --- p.100 / Chapter 7.3.1.1 --- Participants' Views --- p.100 / Chapter 7.3.1.1.1 --- Positive Views --- p.100 / Chapter 7.3.1.1.2 --- Negative Views --- p.102 / Chapter 7.3.1.2 --- Practitioners' Views --- p.103 / Chapter 7.3.1.2.1 --- Strengths of the IEAP --- p.103 / Chapter 7.3.1.2.2 --- Weaknesses of the IEAP --- p.104 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Factors Attributing to Successful Employment --- p.108 / Chapter 7.3.2.1 --- Fresh CSSA recipients --- p.108 / Chapter 7.3.2.2 --- Participants' differential views on Welfare Dole versus Work --- p.109 / Chapter 7.3.2.3 --- Adaptability of the Participants --- p.114 / Chapter 7.3.2.4 --- Family as an important source of Motivation --- p.115 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Program Factors Facilitating Successful Employment --- p.119 / Chapter 7.3.3.1 --- Being-first Orientation --- p.119 / Chapter 7.3.3.2 --- Use of Social Capital in the Community --- p.124 / Chapter 7.3.4 --- Factors Inhibiting Successful Employment --- p.126 / Chapter 7.3.4.1 --- Age --- p.126 / Chapter 7.3.4.2 --- Market Constraints --- p.127 / Chapter 7.3.4.3 --- Low Economic Incentives --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3.4.4 --- Inadequacies of the Human Capital Development --- p.131 / Chapter 7.3.5 --- Barriers in Achieving Total Self-Reliance --- p.132 / Chapter 7.3.5.1 --- Poor Financial Management --- p.133 / Chapter 7.3.5.2 --- Low Market Wages --- p.134 / Chapter 7.3.5.3 --- Flex-Work --- p.135 / Chapter Chapter Eight: --- Discussion and Implications --- p.138 / Chapter 8.1 --- Success Factors Leading to Employment --- p.138 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- Culture versus Economic Incentives --- p.140 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- Family Solidarity --- p.142 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- Being-first Orientation: An Alternative to Education-first and Work-first Approach --- p.148 / Chapter 8.2 --- Barriers to Sustainable Employment and Self-Reliance --- p.155 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- Long Spell on Welfare --- p.156 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- Low Economic Incentives --- p.157 / Chapter 8.3 --- Implications and Conclusion --- p.160 / Appendix 1 The Distribution of the 40 Operating Agencies --- p.164 / Appendix 2 Questions in the Interview Guide --- p.166 / Appendix 3 Case Summary and Analysis Sheet --- p.169 / Appendix 4 Within Case Display for Participant B --- p.172 / Bibliography --- p.173

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1980. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 265-269. / by Julianne Marie Malveaux. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Dewey. / Bibliography: leaf 307. / by Richard J. Jackson, Marshall L. Heard, and Charles D. Smith. / M.S.

This thesis draws on eleven months of ethnographic fieldwork to examine the everyday lives of young people aged between 16 and 30 years in rural Gujarat, India. It is shaped around four standalone articles that examine the spatial aspects of young men and women's secondary and higher education, and employment strategies. Taken both individually and collectively, the articles employ a conceptual framework of relationality in order to critically examine the complexity of young people's everyday lives. Relationality crosses spatial scales, from the individual body though to intersecting with processes of globalization. My analysis interrogates these scalar connections within and across different spaces, and the ways in which these spaces produce, reinforce, and transform relations of power, difference, and identity. In doing so it makes a series of critical contributions to ongoing debates about educated unemployed youth, geographies of friendship, youth transitions and imagined futures, and young people's mobilities. The thesis reflects on "the everyday" as a locus of social change and continuity, focusing on a first generation of formally educated young men and women from socioeconomically marginalized Other Backward Classes, Scheduled Caste, and Scheduled Tribe populations in rural Gujarat. Among this demographic, and in part a consequence of ongoing structural transformations to India's education sector, families are increasingly prolonging the formal education of their offspring as they pursue projects of social reform. In a context where education manifestly cannot guarantee a smooth transition into secure employment, a relational approach that places an emphasis on the quality and nature of connections and relationships provides a valuable framework for understanding young people's lives. My work forwards three broader arguments in relation to this emergent generation of educated young people from marginalized communities. Firstly, I argue for greater empirical and theoretical attention to young people's movements within and across space in order to fully theorize age as a social relation. Related to this my analysis supports the case for a multi-sited methodological approach in order to locate young people within the significant social relations that shape their everyday lives. Secondly, the scale of the everyday offers productive insights into how the political and economic changes associated with liberalization in contemporary India are affecting marginalized populations. Rather than focusing on processes occurring within educational institutions, the thesis takes a broader focus to examine how young people conceive of, value, and mobilize their formal education in their daily lives. Finally, attention to both inter- and intra-generational relations as significant and influential to young people's everyday lives foregrounds the breadth of social relations that bear down upon the social, cultural, and economic aspirations of youth in contemporary rural India.

No description available.

This thesis investigates the commitment bonds of individuals through the lens of liminality. While workers are able to commit to multiple targets and this has been linked to important performance outcomes, previous study of commitment in the workplace is almost exclusively concerned with organisational contexts and employer-employee dyads thus neglecting the increasingly fragmented and diverse world of work. Commitment is developed here by examining it in a liminal position, a term often applied to cross-boundary knowledge workers due to its ambiguous and uncertain nature but also the freedom of being 'betwixt and between' organisations, professions, and clients. Indicative of this liminal position are independent consultants, a growing army of self-employed freelance knowledge workers who use their tacit knowledge and high levels of human capital to solve complex problems for multiple business clients. Independent consultancy is a growing area and as self-employed independent contractors they are an increasingly important policy battleground. They are vital to our understanding of a changing world of work where existing theories and frameworks are becoming stretched, distorted and perhaps even irrelevant. Adopting a pragmatist research philosophy and making use of a reflexive metamethodology, 50 semi-structured interviews using critical incidents and participatory visual methods were conducted. Thematic analysis was used and a new method of visual metaphor analysis pioneered. The resulting findings focus on three areas. Firstly important targets of commitment are identified; clients, professional bodies, and collaborators. I argue that these act as substitutes for commitment to an organisation because they perform a similar role. Secondly, these bonds of commitment are underpinned by the inherent freedom of a liminal position. Although this freedom is evident in various ways, a more critical reading suggests that it is more complex and relational rather than total. Finally, this freedom from organisational ties and structures can cause conflicts of commitment based on knowledge, time, and contractual issues. Devoid of an organisational employer and many of the accompanying administrative and support mechanisms these conflicts are resolved at an individual level by turning the conflict into a synergy, preventing, avoiding, or in extreme cases changing the nature of the bond altogether. The primary contributions to knowledge are the development of substitutes for organisational commitment, the detailing of conflicts of commitment and their resolution, and the inherent freedom of a liminal position which underpins these. Furthermore, this thesis offers the first investigation using the Klein et al. (2012) reconceptualisation to investigate commitment outside of an organisational employment setting. This context and aspects of liminality are used to further problematise the extant literature and theory around the volition inherent in commitment and the isolation and measurement of targets. Understanding of liminality is advanced in terms of freedom, which is often assumed but rarely explored, and anti-structure by arguing that liminality is full of structure in the form of commitment bonds which act as important anchors and reference points to help minimise the ambiguity.

The purpose of this study is threefold: (1) to analyze grievance arbitration cases involving racial discrimination which occurred from 1964 to 1975; (2) to recommend guidelines suitable to the use of grievance arbitration in the settlement of racial-discrimination disputes; and (3) to predict trends regarding future utilization of grievance arbitration as a forum through which racial-discrimination victims can seek redress.

Tématem mé práce je offshoring v sektoru služeb ve Spojených státech amerických. Offshoring je proces, při kterém jsou rozděleny jednolivé části produkce a některé z nich jsou pak přesunuty do zahraničí. Většinou je motivací k offshoringu snižování nákladů. Offshoring může být spojen s outsourcingem, tj. zajištěním služby nebo výrobku externím dodavatelem. Ve své práci prezentuji teoretické přístupy k offshoringu a outsourcingu a platnost jejich závěrů zkoumám na datech ze sektoru služeb Spojených států amerických. Zaměřila jsem se na služby z kategorie informačních a komunikačních technologií, administrativních služeb poskytovaných firmám a výzkumu a vývoje. Analyzuji zejména data o produkci, produktivitě, zaměstnanosti a mezinárodním obchodě. Poslední část mé práce je analýzou americké vládní politiky zaměřené na negativní dopady offshoringu v sektoru zpracovatelského průmyslu. Zkoumám, je-li účelné takovou politiku zavádět také pro sektor služeb.

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impact of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights (the Charter) on the employment relationship. The Charter has long been praised for its inclusion of socio-economic rights alongside traditional civil and political rights. It might have been thought, therefore, that the Charter would be a particularly potent tool in the employment context, characterised as it is, by the continuous interaction between economic and social rights. However, to draw an analogy from George Orwell's Animal Farm, although 'all rights are equal, some rights are more equal than others'. Not only does the Charter distinguish between 'rights' and 'principles', but the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) seems actively to prioritise the Charter's economic freedoms over the social rights. This thesis focuses on the consequences of this variable geometry for the regulation of the employment relationship. In particular, it examines the widening gap between contractual autonomy/business freedom as a fundamental right found in article 16 of the Charter and the employment rights contained in the Solidarity Title. Of particular concern from an employee's perspective is the decision of the CJEU in the case of Alemo-Herron and its progeny. In a series of highly deregulatory judgments, the CJEU has found that the employee-protective aim of the relevant legislation was incompatible with the employer's freedom to conduct a business. At the same time, the CJEU has been reluctant to invoke the Charter's employment rights to give an employee-friendly reading to legislation. The effect of this divergence for the employment relationship is explored in two ways. On a micro level, the thesis looks to the very practical or 'day to day' influence of fundamental rights at various stages in the life cycle of the employment contract. It addresses the relationship between individually agreed employment terms and fundamental rights sources. The macro level considers the broader question of the effect of fundamental rights on the EU's (or the State's) ability to regulate the employment relationship more generally. It is demonstrated that there may be a systemic problem with fundamental economic freedoms being prioritised over social rights, namely the employment provisions of the Charter.