Masters in Public Administration - MPA / The focus of this research is evaluating the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro - chemical small and medium enterprises in Akure, Nigeria. The importance of small and medium business development cannot be overemphasized because it plays a significant role in developed nation’s economy of the world. The development of small business has been variously referred to as a “source of employment generation”. Poverty and unemployment is a big challenge to the government of Nigeria and there is continual increase in the unemployment rate, which is alarming and has resulted in socio-political and economic crises. There are efforts by government to tackle this scourge. In order to fill this gap, government established various institutions with policies and programmes to tackle unemployment and poverty. However, the problem still persists. The government of Nigeria established the National Directorate of Employment programme, which main objective is designed to cater for unemployed youth and jobless people across the country. This study evaluated the impact of the National Directorate of Employment policy on selected agro chemical - sector in order to assess its influence in job creation and poverty reduction in Akure, Ondo State Nigeria. Within the investigation, my research focused at the appropriate legislation and policies of the National Directorate of Employment programme. The study comprises of mixed methods (qualitative and quantitative approach) using both primary and secondary data.

Les nations développées contemporaines sont souvent décrites comme des économies de services. Dans la majorité des pays de l’OCDE (Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques), plus des deux tiers de l’emploi et de la valeur ajoutée sont issus du secteur des services. Les services occupent une place extrêmement importante dans les nations tournées vers l’économie du savoir. Ils sont également un des principaux moteurs de la croissance économique, et participent activement à la compétitivité du secteur industriel (Nordås and Kim, 2013). La figure IV.9 illustre l’importance croissante des services dans l’emploi et la valeur ajoutée de l’économie française entre 1970 et 2007. Les valeurs utilisées sont prises en référence à l’année de base (1970), et renseignent donc sur le taux de croissance de chaque secteur en terme de valeur ajoutée et d’emploi. Le message est clair sans ambiguïté. Les services professionnels (immobilier, location, services aux entreprises et intermédiation financière) contribuent le plus à la croissance de l’économie française. Ces services, aussi appelés “services complémentaires” par Katouzian (1970) car ils complémentent les activités industrielles, ont connu une croissance de leur valeur ajoutée beaucoup plus forte que le secteur industriel et que les autres secteurs de services (grossistes/détaillants, hôtels et restaurants par exemple). En 2007, le secteur des services professionnels comptait pour un tiers de la valeur ajoutée générée en France, soit deux fois plus que le secteur industriel. Du côté de l’emploi, le constat est encore plus frappant. Les services professionnels contribuent encore une fois fortement à la croissance de l’emploi (avec également les secteurs de l’hôtellerie et de la restauration) alors que le secteur industriel n’a cessé de perdre des emplois sur cette période. En 2007, les services professionnels regroupaient 20% de l’emploi, contre 14% pour le secteur industriel. [...] / Today’s developed economies are often described as service economies. More than two thirds of employment and value added is generated by the service sector in OECD countries. Services are increasingly important in today’s knowledge based economies, are a crucial component of economic growth and contribute to the competitiveness of the industrial sector (Nord ås and Kim, 2013). Figure IV.9 plots the evolution of value added and employment in France between 1970 and 2007. It shows that the professional service industries (Real estate/renting/business services and financial intermediation) are the main contributors to the growth of the French economy. These services (also called “complementary services” by Katouzian (1970)), have been growing much faster than the manufacturing sector, and much faster than the other service sectors (wholesale/retail, hotels and restaurant services). These fast growing services accounted for 33% of the total value added in 2007 (twice as much as the manufacturing sector) and 20% of the overall employment (14% for the manufacturing sector). [...]

Downtowns across America have changed as a result of suburbanization. Population shifts and changing land consumption patterns caused by advancements in technology, such as the Interstate and the Internet, along with social and economic factors, alter downtown development. The city, and particularly its downtown, used to represent the nucleus for all commercial, retail, and industrial activities. As population and commerce suburbanized, the 'central' business district became one of several business centers and lost much of its retail function. Currently, cities are re-evaluating their development strategies to determine the best methods to attract people back to the urban core and to regain the vitality that once defined city life. Efforts to redevelop downtowns typically assume the characteristics of place-based strategies by following either infrastructure strategies or consumer strategies. The former method is more traditional, with attention given to specific land uses, such as residential, retail, or entertainment activities. Essentially, infrastructure strategies rely on the 'build it and they will come' motto. Consumer strategies strive to attract young professionals, single-parent families, and "empty nesters" for urban living by accentuating amenities unique to the city lifestyle. Roanoke, Virginia serves as a case study for evaluating suburbanization trends and methods of redevelopment for a small- to medium-sized city. By calculating and analyzing household and office employment projections, the Roanoke market shows signs of strength among young, renter households and Central Business District office employment. With a downtown residential market emerging and downtown office employment growing, adaptive reuse of urban space may prove to be Roanoke's method of reinventing its downtown by orchestrating a consumer-based redevelopment effort. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Thesis presented in partial fulfilment for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Public Sector Monitoring and Evaluation) to the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management, University of the Witwatersrand March 2016 / Employment is a critical factor in development, general, and specifically social development. All else constant, education is an important precursor to employment. Besides university or academic learning that feeds into the white collar or office jobs; technical, entrepreneurial, and vocational training and education although feeding mostly into the pink collar or artisan jobs is an important aspect of education and, therefore, employability. Further, entrepreneurial and related training and education has the potential to create employment. However, little has been written on factors that positively influence employability of technical education graduates. Obviously, one would like to know if there is match between industrial needs and the specialisation of the graduates. The purpose of this research was to evaluate factors influencing employability of technical education graduates in Malawi. The study attempted four research questions, three targeting employees (who are technical education graduates) and these had hypothesis. The fourth research question targeted employers and had a proposition on needs of companies. We reviewed literature to understand the research problem, develop theoretical framework and conceptualise our research. Two theories, theory of demand and supply of labour, and capability approach were employed. Of the three strategies; qualitative, quantitative and mixed, a quantitative strategy using a cross sectional design from a sample of 81 technical education graduates and 30 companies was employed. The results show no significant relationship between employability and the explanatory variables of age, gender, education attainment and skills. A significant relationship (p=0.018) was found between first job of graduates in relation to the field of study, meaning with the right education and the right job match, graduates were more employable. In addition, descriptive statistics indicate a strong relationship for all variables as per the research questions. Technical skills and education attainment seem to affect the duration taken to gain employment. The majority of the graduates were employed in professions that matched their training. Companies have preferences in recruiting graduates. The findings further show that, curriculum, funding and multiple qualifications need harmonisation for effective TVET provision. / MT2016

Thesis (M.Com. (Development Theory and Policy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, School of Economic and Business Sciences, 2014. / After 20 years in existence democratic South Africa is at the crossroads while people lives have changed significantly after 1994, the country has faced increasing levels of unemployment and inequality. Drawing from the Keynesian theory of employment and recent financialization literature, this paper looks at the trends in financial income as a share of profits in the mining sector and how this has affected real investment in the sector and linking with the theory we look at how his behaviour has contributed to the employment levels in the sector. This retrospective look at the mining sector is done in order to pick trends that might give us better insight for policy interventions in the sector in order to create employment opportunities for the population going forward

Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Occupational Therapy Johannesburg, 2015 / Many factors have been shown to play a role in employment after a spinal cord injury. Globally the rates of employment post-injury have been disappointing with a rate of 36.8% 1. METHODS This mixed methods study was divided into two phases. During phase one qualitative data was gathered. This data was used to design a questionnaire which was emailed to members of the Quadpara Association of South Africa in phase two. Bivariate data analysis was performed and a logistic regression. RESULTS Eleven themes emerged from phase one. There was a high employment rate of 79.55% at the time of the study and 92.13% had worked for remuneration since injury. There was a statistically significant association between employment at the time of the study and six factors. CONCLUSION This study had a surprisingly high employment rate post-injury. Despite few results being statistically significant there were many that are of clinical importance.

The thesis deals with selected legal aspects of the process of selection of job seekers. Through the study of professional literature and other sources, legal regulations and also own small research, the author deals mainly with the issue of the principle of equal treatment and the prohibition of discrimination and protection of personal data. The thesis also describes the job position of the job seeker, the pre-contractual liability and the dishonest behavior of the potential employee and the employer, the ways of getting employees and other connections, because the theme of the thesis is more extensive than it might seem at first sight. The possibilites of the defence are also mentioned. The process of selection of job seekers can not be considered as a purely personalist discipline. The thesis works with legislation such as the Labor Code, the Employment Act, the Anti-Discrimination Act on the Personal Data Protection Act. Although the selection of a prospective employee is the employer's responsibility, employers have to observe the legal requirements, for example, they can not discriminate the job seekers or infringe the privacy of the job seeker unwarranted. Therefore, for example, a potential employer can require only information directly related to the conclusion of an employment contract. The...

Thesis advisor: Andrew Beauchamp / Thesis advisor: Mathis Wagner / This dissertation considers changes of health insurance system of United States that affect health outcomes and labor market outcomes of population. The first chapter examines how Medicaid policy aimed to improve health status of low-income parents affects the health outcomes of young children. Estimates from variations in Medicaid rules across states and over time, show that there exist positive spillover effects on children from Medicaid expansions targeting parents. The child mortality declines more in states with higher level of generosity in Medicaid policy and the effect is larger among black children. Simulations indicate that recent Medicaid expansion under Affordable Care Act Reform can deepen the existing child mortality disparity across states due to different adoption of Medicaid expansion for low income adult population. The second chapter examines Massachusetts health care reform and its impact on labor market outcomes of older males approaching retirement. I find that older males are more likely to remain in full-time employed status rather to choose early retirement, and part-time employment increased only among low-income population who are eligible for subsidized health insurance. The results suggests that there exists employment-lock effect from increase of employers providing employersponsored health insurances following the reform. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Economics.

by Chan Chi-ming and Mak Pak Yick, Philip. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves [169-170] / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Objectives --- p.1 / Background and why this topic was chosen --- p.2 / The Solution - Training --- p.7 / Computer Training --- p.8 / Chapter 2. --- BACKGROUND OF THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY AND COMPUTER TRAINING IN HONG KONG --- p.10 / The Computer Industry --- p.10 / Computer Training in Hong Kong --- p.12 / Chapter 3. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.21 / Literature Survey --- p.22 / Problem statement --- p.24 / Theoretical Framework --- p.24 / Field Survey Design Details --- p.25 / Chapter 4. --- DATA ANALYSIS OF THE SURVEY --- p.32 / Data Analysis Method --- p.32 / Feel for Data --- p.32 / Testing and Analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 5. --- BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES --- p.76 / High Demand for Training --- p.76 / Computer Aided Training will be a growth area --- p.77 / Conclusion --- p.78 / APPENDIX I --- p.80 / APPENDIX II --- p.89 / APPENDIX III --- p.101

A vast literature has identified the importance of childcare for understanding cross-national variation in women’s employment, and has particularly emphasised the role of the state in ensuring the delivery of services. This thesis explores variation within market-based childcare systems in order to understand how systems with less state provision may support or constrain maternal employment. The thesis argues that understanding whether childcare markets ‘work’ or not in supporting maternal employment requires a deep understanding of the interplay between market and state, as the specific policy approach taken can shape the structure of the market in profoundly different ways. This issue is explored via comparative case studies of the United States and the United Kingdom, two countries known for their market-based approach to childcare, but with stark and persistent differences in maternal employment behaviour, especially working time. Drawing on a mix of qualitative (policy documents) and quantitative (national statistics) data, the US and UK systems are compared along a series of dimensions comprising the two key components of the market-based system: the structure of market provision and the policy approach. The similarities and differences of these systems are analysed through the lens of the characteristics of services known to be important for the use of care for employment purposes: availability, cost and quality. The United States and United Kingdom have generally similar childcare systems when compared to other countries which rely more heavily on the state or the family to ensure childcare provision, which is in line with their common characterisation as liberal welfare regimes. However, there are important differences in the structure of their childcare markets which affect their ability to support maternal employment: for example, the US market poses fewer affordability constraints for maternal employment given the availability of relatively low cost care provision (albeit of questionable quality); the UK market in contrast provides care at higher cost, although this is likely of better quality. This variation in market provision is shaped by differences in the policy approach taken by each country: the US approach is primarily designed to soften the rougher edges of the market in what is otherwise considered a private sphere; in contrast the UK approach actively attempts to shape the childcare market into a system in line with policy goals. The consequence of this is that the US approach does not prevent a wide range of market provision from forming to cater to diverse tastes and budgets, but this necessarily includes a substantial degree of lower quality care. The UK approach more actively constrains the types of provision which are available, which on the one hand reduces supply and contributes to higher cost provision, but also sets higher standards for care provision. Together these findings suggest that understanding how market-based care systems do or do not support maternal employment requires not only an appreciation of the broader institutional context in which they are situated, but also the intended and unintended ways that policy-making can shape their structure.