Many health geography studies, including the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study (ONS), have faced significant challenges uncovering local variation in patterns of community health in rural areas. This is due to the fact that sparsely populated rural areas make it difficult to define neighbourhoods that are representative of the social and resource utilization patterns of the individuals therein. Moreover, rural areas yield small samples from population-based regional health surveys and this leads to insufficient sample sizes for reliable estimation of health determinants and outcomes. In response to this issue this thesis combines geographical and statistical techniques which allow for the simulation of health variables within small areas and populations within rural Ottawa. This methodological approach combines the techniques of dasymetric mapping and statistical micro-simulation in an innovative way, which will allow health geography researchers to explore health determinants and health outcomes at small spatial scales in rural areas. Dasymetric mapping is used to generate a statistical population surface over Ottawa and then estimate socio-economic (SES) variables within small neighbourhood units within rural Ottawa. The estimated SES variables are then used as correlate variables to simulate health determinant and health outcome variables form the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) using statistical micro-simulation. Through this methodology, simulations of specific health determinants and outcome can be investigated at small spatial scales within rural areas. Dasymetric mapping provided neighbourhood-level population estimates that were used to re-weight as set of SES variables that were correlates with those in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). These neighbourhood-level correlates allowed microsimulation and consequent spatial exploration of prevalence for smoking, binge drinking, obesity, self-rated mental health, and the presence of two or more chronic conditions. The methodology outlined in this paper, provides and innovative way of exploring health determinants and health outcomes in neighbourhoods for which population and health statistics are not traditionally collected at levels that would allow traditional statistical analyses of prevalence.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:58:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 383034.pdf: 7466930 bytes, checksum: 883567df67b7c43a7ed057f86af456dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-24 / O presente trabalho avaliou a durabilidade de armaduras com tratamento anti-corrosivo (galvaniza??o a fogo) e armaduras de a?o comum sem tratamento na evolu??o da corros?o atrav?s da indu??o de ?ons cloreto em corpos-de-prova de concreto com diferentes rela??es ?gua/cimento e tipos de cimentos. Os processos de corros?o se deram atrav?s de ensaios acelerados usando ciclos de secagem e imers?o parcial em solu??o de 5% de NaCl. De forma complementar, foi avaliado, atrav?s de ensaio de arrancamento realizado por modelamento num?rico a tens?o de ader?ncia da armadura com concreto em diferentes n?veis de corros?o. Para os ensaios experimentais foram confeccionados doze corpos-de-prova de forma prism?tica com dimens?es reduzidas. Os concretos foram moldados com tr?s diferentes rela??es ?gua/cimento (0,4; 0,5 e 0,6) e com dois tipos de cimento o CPIV (cimento Portland pozol?nico) e CPII F (cimento Portland composto com f?ler calc?rio). As armaduras inseridas nos concretos serviram de sensores para a realiza??o das medi??es eletroqu?micas. As medi??es eletroqu?micas de Densidade de corrente de corros?o (Icorr), Potencial de corros?o (Ecorr) e Resist?ncia de polariza??o (Rp) mostraram a evolu??o da corros?o das armaduras ap?s a finaliza??o de cada ciclo, somando-se no total de oito ciclos realizados. Para o ensaio de tens?o de ader?ncia da armadura/concreto atrav?s de elementos finitos foi projetado um modelo de corpo-de-prova id?ntico ao do ensaio experimental de corros?o, utilizando as propriedades somente dos concretos com cimento CPIV e CPII F com rela??o ?gua/cimento 0,5. Foram testadas armaduras de 8mm de di?metro com diferentes n?veis de penetra??o da corros?o. Os melhores resultados obtidos nos ensaios experimentais, em termos de desempenho frente ? corros?o, foram para as seguintes condi??es experimentais: armadura galvanizada, rela??o ?gua/cimento de 0,4 e cimento CPIV. O modelo anal?tico utilizado para obter informa??es sobre a tens?o de ader?ncia da armadura no concreto produziu resultados similares aos relatados na literatura para espessuras de penetra??o de corros?o superiores a 0,2mm.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-09-28T14:16:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_NATHAN_WILLIG_LIMA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3138188 bytes, checksum: 8747fa72c84172dbac724ce570075b26 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T14:16:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_NATHAN_WILLIG_LIMA_COMPLETO.pdf: 3138188 bytes, checksum: 8747fa72c84172dbac724ce570075b26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-08 / In this work, molecular dynamics simulations of thin organic films irradiated by fast heavy ions were implemented. In order to represent the ion energy deposition, it was used a Thermal Spike Model, in which the ion track is represented as a cylindrical region with high temperature. Two papers were submitted for publication based on this study. In the first paper, it was studied the impact of film thickness and the ion energy in the topological effects of radiation (such as crater diameter, crater depth and rim volume) and in the sputtering, comparing the results for a crystalline and amorphous solids modeled by the Lennard-Jones potential. In the second paper, the FENE potential was implemented to build samples with molecular chains. The ionic radiation effects were then compared between films with molecular chains (modeled by the FENE potential) and without molecular chains (using the Lennard-Jones potential). In both works, the effects of radiation were explained by analyzing the different mechanisms of energy dissipation: evaporation, melt flow and plastic deformation. Our results show that radiation effects are strongly determined by film thickness. The simulations with FENE potential show that the presence of molecular chains reduces significantly the effects of radiation. In solids thinner than the mean gyration radius of the sample, there was not any radiation effect, indicating that the effect reduction is related not only to the decreasing of mobility but also to molecular conformation and entanglement. / Nesse trabalho foram realizadas simula??es computacionais por din?mica molecular de filmes finos org?nicos irradiados por ?ons pesados e r?pidos. Para representar a deposi??o de energia pelo ?on foi utilizado o Modelo de Thermal Spike, atrav?s do qual a trilha i?nica ? representada como uma regi?o cil?ndrica de alta temperatura ao longo do material. Dois artigos foram submetidos para publica??o a partir desse estudo. No primeiro artigo, o impacto da espessura do filme e da energia do ?on incidente nos efeitos topol?gicos da radia??o (como di?metro da cratera, profundidade da cratera e volume da protuber?ncia) e do sputtering foram investigados, comparando-se os resultados de s?lidos cristalinos e amorfos modelados pelo potencial de Lennard-Jones. No segundo artigo, o potencial FENE foi implementado para construir amostras com cadeias moleculares. Os efeitos da radia??o i?nica foram ent?o comparados entre os filmes com cadeias moleculares (modelados pelo potencial FENE) e filmes sem cadeias moleculares (modelados com o potencial de Lennard-Jones). Em ambos os trabalhos, os efeitos da radia??o foram explicados verificando-se os diferentes mecanismos de dissipa??o de energia: evapora??o, melt flow e deforma??o pl?stica. Nossos resultados mostram que os efeitos da radia??o s?o fortemente impactados pela espessura do filme. As simula??es com o potencial FENE mostram que a presen?a de cadeias moleculares reduz significativamente todos os efeitos da radia??o. Para s?lidos mais finos que o raio de gira??o m?dio das mol?culas, nenhum efeito da radia??o foi observado, indicando que a redu??o dos efeitos est? relacionada n?o s? ? diminui??o de mobilidade, mas tamb?m ? conforma??o e emaranhamento molecular.

Many health geography studies, including the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study (ONS), have faced significant challenges uncovering local variation in patterns of community health in rural areas. This is due to the fact that sparsely populated rural areas make it difficult to define neighbourhoods that are representative of the social and resource utilization patterns of the individuals therein. Moreover, rural areas yield small samples from population-based regional health surveys and this leads to insufficient sample sizes for reliable estimation of health determinants and outcomes. In response to this issue this thesis combines geographical and statistical techniques which allow for the simulation of health variables within small areas and populations within rural Ottawa. This methodological approach combines the techniques of dasymetric mapping and statistical micro-simulation in an innovative way, which will allow health geography researchers to explore health determinants and health outcomes at small spatial scales in rural areas. Dasymetric mapping is used to generate a statistical population surface over Ottawa and then estimate socio-economic (SES) variables within small neighbourhood units within rural Ottawa. The estimated SES variables are then used as correlate variables to simulate health determinant and health outcome variables form the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) using statistical micro-simulation. Through this methodology, simulations of specific health determinants and outcome can be investigated at small spatial scales within rural areas. Dasymetric mapping provided neighbourhood-level population estimates that were used to re-weight as set of SES variables that were correlates with those in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). These neighbourhood-level correlates allowed microsimulation and consequent spatial exploration of prevalence for smoking, binge drinking, obesity, self-rated mental health, and the presence of two or more chronic conditions. The methodology outlined in this paper, provides and innovative way of exploring health determinants and health outcomes in neighbourhoods for which population and health statistics are not traditionally collected at levels that would allow traditional statistical analyses of prevalence.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LauraXL_DISSERT.pdf: 3047950 bytes, checksum: 570af1df35d3161d6677ac6ec832e390 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Recent studies are investigating a new class of inorganic materials which arise as a promising option for high performance applications in the field of photoluminescence. Highlight for rare earth (TR +3 ) doped, which have a high luminous efficiency, long decay time and being able to emit radiation in the visible range, specific to each element. In this study, we synthesized ZrO2: Tb +3 , Eu +3 , Tm +3 nanoparticles complex polymerization method (CPM). We investigated the influences caused by the heat treatment temperature and the content of dopants in zirconia photoluminescent behavior. The particles were calcined at temperature of 400, 500 and 600 ? C for two hours and ranged in concentration of dopants 1, 2, 4 and 8 mol% TR +3 . The samples were characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence of measurements and uv-visible of spectroscopies. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the tetragonal and cubic phases in accordance with the content of dopants. The photoluminescence spectra show emission in the region corresponding simultaneous to blue (450 nm), green (550 nm) and red (615 nm). According to the results, ZrO2 particles co-doped with rare earth ions is a promising material white emission with a potential application in the field of photoluminescence / Estudos recentes investigam uma nova classe de materiais inorg?nicos que surgem como uma op??o promissora em aplica??es de alto desempenho no campo da fotoluminesc?ncia. Destaque para f?sforos dopados com ?ons de terras raras (TR +3 ), que possuem uma alta efici?ncia luminosa, um longo tempo de decaimento e por serem capazes de emitir radia??es na faixa do vis?vel, espec?ficas de cada elemento. Neste trabalho, foram sintetizadas nanopart?culas de ZrO2:Tb +3 , Eu +3 , Tm +3 pelo m?todo de polimeriza??o dos complexos (MPC). Foram investigadas as influ?ncias causadas pela temperatura de tratamento t?rmico e pelo teor dos dopantes no comportamento fotoluminescente da zirc?nia. As part?culas foram calcinadas nas temperaturas de 400, 500 e 600?C durante duas horas e a concentra??o dos dopantes variou em 1, 2, 4 e 8% mol TR +3 . As amostras foram caracterizadas por an?lises t?rmicas (TG/ DSC), difra??o de raios X (DRX), medidas de fotoluminesc?ncia (FL) e espectroscopia na regi?o do UV-Vis?vel (UV-vis). Os resultados de difra??o de raios X confirmaram a forma??o das fases tetragonal e c?bica de acordo com o teor de dopantes. Os espectros de fotoluminesc?ncia apresentam emiss?es simult?neas correspondentes na regi?o do azul (450 nm), do verde (550 nm) e do vermelho (615 nm). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as part?culas de ZrO2 codopadas com ?ons de terras raras apresentam-se como um material promissor para emiss?o no branco com um potencial de aplica??o no campo da fotoluminesc?ncia

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-14T19:53:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKarinaPereiraLeite_DISSERT.pdf: 3134726 bytes, checksum: 98310bd9f7d887f28ee1f7167205ada0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-15T22:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKarinaPereiraLeite_DISSERT.pdf: 3134726 bytes, checksum: 98310bd9f7d887f28ee1f7167205ada0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T22:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnaKarinaPereiraLeite_DISSERT.pdf: 3134726 bytes, checksum: 98310bd9f7d887f28ee1f7167205ada0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / As redes metalorg?nicas (MOFs) s?o h?bridos, normalmente cristalinos, constitu?dos de subunidades inorg?nicas, metais ou clusters met?licos, conectados por ligantes org?nicos polit?picos de forma repetitiva originando estruturas em duas ou tr?s dimens?es, geralmente porosas. Neste trabalho foram sintetizadas MOFs com ?ons lantan?deos (La3+ e Gd3+) e ligantes tipo dicarboxilatos (?cidos isoft?lico e o tereft?lico) pelos m?todos hidrot?rmico, solvot?rmico e hidro(solvo)t?rmico. Os efeitos da rota sint?tica sobre a estrutura e propriedades das MOFs foram estudados, bem como do tipo de aquecimento, convencional ou por microondas. As amostras obtidas na forma de p?s foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X, espectroscopia de infravermelho, analises t?rmicas e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de uma base, org?nica ou inorg?nica, para promover a desprotona??o do ligante, uma vez que nas amostras preparadas pelo m?todo hidrot?rmico, sem o aux?lio de uma base, n?o houve forma??o de uma rede metalorg?nica. Por outro lado, a presen?a de DMF, como solvente ou co-solvente, proporcionou a desprotona??o do ligante com consequente forma??o das MOFs. Pelo menos duas estruturas cristalinas diferentes foram identificadas para as amostras preparadas com ?cido tereft?lico. Estas amostras apresentam isoestruturas semelhantes ?s reportadas para as fases Eu(1,4-BDC)DMF e Tb(1,4-BDC)H2O. A presen?a de ?gua no meio reacional, m?todo hidro(solvo)t?rmico, direcionou o crescimento da estrutura de maneira diferente da observada quando em sua aus?ncia. Isto pode ser justificado pela diferen?a na forma de coordena??o dos ?ons lantan?deos por ?gua e por DMF. Apesar de n?o terem sido identificadas por DRX, as amostras preparadas com ?cido isoft?lico tamb?m apresentam estruturas metalorg?nicas, confirmadas pelo deslocamento da banda referente ao estiramento do grupo carbonila em rela??o a ligante puro, nos espectros de infravermelho. Este deslocamento tamb?m foi observado nas amostras preparadas com ?cido tereft?lico. As analises de microscopia eletr?nica de varredura sugerem que a morfologia dos p?s e significativamente dependente do tipo de aquecimento usado, convencional ou micro-ondas. / Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are hybrids materials, often crystalline, consisting of metal or metal clusters, connected by polytopic organic ligands repetitively, leading to structures, usually porous. In this work, MOFs based on lanthanide ions (La3+ and Gd3+) and dicarboxylate type of ligands (isophthalic and terephthalic acids), were synthesized by hydrothermal, solvothermal and hydro(solvo)thermal methods. The effects of the synthetic route as well as the type of heating, conventional or by microwave, on the structure and properties of MOFs were studied. The powder samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results suggest that the addition of an organic or inorganic base is needed to promote the deprotonation of the ligand, since in the samples prepared by the hydrothermal method, without the use of a base, no formation of the metalorganic framework was observed. On the other hand, the presence of DMF as solvent or cosolvent, afforded the deprotonation of the ligand with the consequent formation of MOFs. At least two different crystalline structures were identified for the samples prepared with terephthalic acid. These samples are isostructural with those reported for phases Eu(1,3-BDC)DMF, Eu2(1,4-BDC)3 (DMF)2 and Tb(1,4-BDC)H2O. The presence of water in the reaction medium in the hydro(solvo)thermal method, provoked the growth of the structure different from that observed in the absence of water. This can be explained by the difference in the coordination mode of water and DMF to lanthanide ions. Although not identified by XRD, the samples prepared with isophthalic acid, also present metalorganic structures, which was confirmed by the presence of the characteristic displacement of the carbonyl group band in their infrared spectra, compared to the spectrum of the pure ligand. This shift was also observed in the samples prepared with terephthalic acid. Thermal analisys shows that the metal organic frameworks do not collapse occurs at a temperature below 430?C.The analysis of scanning electron microscopy suggests that the morphology of powders is highly dependent on the type of heating used, conventional or by microwave.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:04:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaDeAlmeidaDantas_TESE.pdf: 3738312 bytes, checksum: de5a62b1338eeb90aff1798f2d02d2e7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:07:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaDeAlmeidaDantas_TESE.pdf: 3738312 bytes, checksum: de5a62b1338eeb90aff1798f2d02d2e7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:07:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VanessaDeAlmeidaDantas_TESE.pdf: 3738312 bytes, checksum: de5a62b1338eeb90aff1798f2d02d2e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31 / O Rad?nio (Rn-222) ? um g?s nobre-radiativo, incolor, inodoro, ins?pido, denso (9,73 kg/m3) e altamente sol?vel na ?gua (solubilidade de 1,67x10-4 a 25?C e 1Atm) que, com exce??o do Di?xido de Carbono, ? o g?s com maior solubilidade na Atmosfera. Neste estudo foram analisadas a varia??o e correla??o das vari?veis meteorol?gicas com as emana??es de Rad?nio e ?ons atmosf?ricos em um ambiente de floresta equatorial e Caatinga do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Especificamente em biomas do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) pouco se sabe sobre o comportamento Rn-222, no que diz respeito ? distribui??o nos diferentes n?veis da baixa troposfera, a exemplo da Mata Atl?ntica Dunar e Caatinga. Assim, o objetivo foi de investigar a rela??o entre vari?veis meteorol?gicas, as concentra??es atmosf?ricas de Rn-222 e ?ons atmosf?ricos para o per?odo caracterizado como seco e chuvoso, no munic?pio de Apod?-RN e Parnamirim-RN no per?odo seco, inseridos no bioma de Caatinga e Mata Atl?ntica Dunar Nordestina que abrange cerca de 800.000 Km2 e 19.427 km?, respectivamente. As medidas foram realizadas a 1,5 m do solo. Coletaram-se dados de temperatura do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade e dire??o do vento e press?o atmosf?rica bem como concentra??es de Rn-222 e de ?ons atmosf?ricos. Os resultados mostraram um padr?o bimodal no comportamento di?rio da concentra??o de Rn-222, nas primeiras horas da manh? observado em todos os dias. Comportamento semelhante foi observado para a concentra??o de ?ons entre 04:00 e 05:00 HL (Hor?rio Local) em Parnamirim. Em Apod?, o ciclo di?rio da concentra??o de Rn-222 mostrou um padr?o semelhante ao de Parnamirim, com um m?ximo principal de 29,38 Bq/m3 e 24,00 Bq/m3 durante a esta??o seca e chuvosa, respectivamente, em torno de 17:00 HL e um m?ximo secund?rio ?s 15:00 HL com 27,37 Bq/m3 (esta??o seca) e 19,00 Bq/m3 (esta??o chuvosa). Estes ciclos s?o consistentes com situa??es de uma atmosfera estaticamente neutra devido ? transi??o de per?odos de est?vel para regimes inst?veis (primeiro pico) e inst?veis para est?vel (segundo pico) de acordo com o n?mero de Richardson Bulk tamb?m observado neste estudo. Atrav?s do modelo de regress?o linear m?ltipla via an?lise de componentes principais as vari?veis meteorol?gicas que se mostraram mais correlacionadas com a concentra??o de Rn-222, com explica??o de 88% foram a umidade relativa, velocidade do vento e a radia??o solar global. / The Radon (Rn-222) is a radioactive noble-gas, colorless, odorless, tasteless, dense (9.73 kg / m3) and highly soluble in water (solubility 1,67x10-4 25 ? C and 1 atm) that, except for carbon dioxide is the gas with greater solubility in the atmosphere. This study analyzed the variation and correlation of meteorological variables with the emanations of Radon and atmospheric ions in a rainforest environment and Caatinga in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Specifically, in Northeast biomes of Brazil (NEB) little is known about the Rn-222 behavior in relation to the distribution in the different levels of the lower troposphere, such as the Atlantic Forest Dune and Caatinga. The objective was to investigate the relationship between meteorological variables, atmospheric concentrations of Rn-222 and atmospheric ions to the period characterized as dry and rainy in the municipality of Apodi-RN and Parnamirim-RN in the dry season, entered in the biome Caatinga and Northeast Atlantic Forest Dune which covers about 800,000 km2 and 19,427 square kilometers respectively. The measurements were taken at 1.5 m above the ground. Collected from the air temperature data, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure and Rn-222 and atmospheric ion concentrations. The results showed bimodal pattern in the daily behavior of the concentration of Rn-222, in the early morning hours observed in every day. Similar behavior was observed for the concentration of ions between 04:00 and 05:00 HL (Local Time) in Parnamirim. In Apodi, the daily cycle of concentration of Rn-222 showed a pattern similar to Parnamirim, with a maximum principal of 29.38 Bq / m3 and 24.00 Bq / m3 during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively, around 17:00 HL and a secondary maximum at 15:00 HL with 27.37 Bq / m3 (dry season) and 19.00 Bq / m3 (rainy season). These cycles are consistent with conditions of a statically neutral atmosphere due to the periods of transition from stable to unstable regimes (first peak) and unstable stable (second peak) according to the Richardson number Bulk also observed in this study. Through multiple linear regression model via principal component analysis the meteorological variables that were more correlated with the concentration of Rn-222, with 88% explanation were the relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Enxofre ? o terceiro elemento mais abundante no petr?leo e ? considerado um dos principais contaminantes presentes nessa matriz, podendo ocorrer nas formas de sulfetos, tiofenos, mol?culas polic?clicas contendo oxig?nio e nitrog?nio etc. Podem provocar corros?o, envenenamento de catalisadores automotivos e de processos do refino. Na queima dos combust?veis, quando presentes, d?o origem aos ?xidos SOX, que contribuem com a forma??o da chuva ?cida, acidez do solo e problemas respirat?rios na popula??o. Logo, a determina??o de enxofre ? de primordial interesse tanto para a ind?stria petroqu?mica quanto na ?rea da qu?mica anal?tica. Diante dessa conjuntura, ? proposto neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de um procedimento de preparo de amostras de petr?leo para determina??o por Cromatografia de ?ons (IC) do teor de enxofre como sulfato (SO4 2-). Para tal, a decomposi??o por via ?mida em sistema fechado assistida por radia??o micro-ondas, auxiliada pela a??o oxidativa de H2O2, foi o procedimento adotado, onde a temperatura e pot?ncia m?xima de 230 ?C e 1000 W, respectivamente, foram utilizadas no programa de aquecimento. Seis amostras de petr?leo (?API entre 18,75-25,17) foram analisadas, sendo as concentra??es m?dias de enxofre obtidas entre 377,50 e 3321,74 mg Kg-1, com DP entre ? 1,02 e ? 9,56. Para efeitos da avalia??o dos resultados obtidos, realizou-se a determina??o do teor de enxofre nas amostras em estudo utilizando a t?cnica UVF, fundamentada na norma oficial ASTM D5453-12, onde correla??es entre 85,43 e 106,43% foram alcan?adas, evidenciando a efici?ncia do m?todo proposto na convers?o das esp?cies de enxofre contidas nas amostras a sulfato e sua determina??o por IC. A efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o adotado foi testada atrav?s do RCC% e do EOMD%, sendo alcan?ados teores entre 6,72 e 15,73% e 85,85 e 94,14%, respectivamente, demonstrando a efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o utilizado. / Sulfur is the third most abundant element in petroleum and is considered one of the main contaminants present in this matrix, and may occur in the forms of sulfides, thiophenes, polycyclic molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen etc. They can cause corrosion, poisoning of catalysts used in refining and in automobiles. In fuel combustion, when present, they give rise to SOX oxides, which contribute to the formation of acid rain, soil acidity and respiratory problems in the population. Therefore, the determination of sulfur is of primary interest for the petrochemical industry as well as for analytical chemistry. Considering this situation, it is proposed the development of a procedure for the preparation of petroleum samples for the determination of the sulfur content of sulfur (SO4 2-) by Ion Chromatography (IC). For this, the wet decomposition assisted by microwave radiation, assisted by the oxidative action of H2O2, was the adopted procedure, where the maximum temperature and power of 230 ?C and 1000 W, respectively, were used in the program of heating. Six petroleum samples (?API between 18.75-5.17) were analyzed, with the mean concentrations of sulfur being between 377.50 and 3321.74 mg Kg-1, with a standard deviation between ? 1.02 and ? 9.56. For the purposes of the evaluation of the obtained results, the sulfur content in the samples under study was evaluated using the UVF technique, based on the official standard ASTM D 5453-12, where correlations between 85.43 and 106.43% were reached, evidencing the efficiency of the method proposed in the conversion of the sulfur species contained in the samples to sulfate and its determination by IC. The efficiency of the adopted decomposition procedure was tested using RCC% and EDMO%, with levels between 6.72 and 15.73% and 85.85 and 94.14% being respectively achieved, demonstrating the efficiency of the decomposition procedure used.

Autorizado por el autor, pero con restricción a ser publicada a texto completo hasta el año 2014 / Hace un tiempo ya que la trazabilidad ha dejado de ser un beneficio y ha pasado a ser una necesidad. Un claro ejemplo de la importancia de este tema se puede ver en empresas dedicadas al rubro alimenticio, ya que el tener un historial de sus productos, desde el momento de su creación hasta su venta o uso, resulta ser algo vital para ellas. Esta clara necesidad de trazabilidad, junto con poder aplicar las diversas tecnologías existentes hoy en día, resultó ser un gran motivante para desarrollar una solución para satisfacer dicha necesidad. El problema que fue posible observar es que en la actualidad el control de trazabilidad, en muchas empresas, aún no es visto como una necesidad vital e importante, o bien, no es controlada de manera eficiente. Sea cual sea de estos escenarios, la falta de un control de trazabilidad puede llevar a la toma errónea de decisiones, ya que no existe la información disponible que permita tener una visión mas clara de la situación, lo que puede terminar resultando muy costoso. Para lograr llevar una trazabilidad completa de los productos y así facilitar las decisiones de negocio, se creó un sistema de trazabilidad con ciertas características, entre las cuales destacan su flexibilidad, adaptabilidad y modularidad. Además dicho sistema se construyó de tal manera que fuera posible utilizar las tecnologías como ONS (Object Naming Service), ampliando así la capacidad de poder consultar sobre la trazabilidad de un producto en cualquier parte del mundo. El sistema construido logró ser un sistema capaz de adaptarse a cualquier tipo de negocio, entregando la trazabilidad de sus productos. Además se integró un módulo destinado a la interacción con ONS.

Many health geography studies, including the Ottawa Neighbourhood Study (ONS), have faced significant challenges uncovering local variation in patterns of community health in rural areas. This is due to the fact that sparsely populated rural areas make it difficult to define neighbourhoods that are representative of the social and resource utilization patterns of the individuals therein. Moreover, rural areas yield small samples from population-based regional health surveys and this leads to insufficient sample sizes for reliable estimation of health determinants and outcomes. In response to this issue this thesis combines geographical and statistical techniques which allow for the simulation of health variables within small areas and populations within rural Ottawa. This methodological approach combines the techniques of dasymetric mapping and statistical micro-simulation in an innovative way, which will allow health geography researchers to explore health determinants and health outcomes at small spatial scales in rural areas. Dasymetric mapping is used to generate a statistical population surface over Ottawa and then estimate socio-economic (SES) variables within small neighbourhood units within rural Ottawa. The estimated SES variables are then used as correlate variables to simulate health determinant and health outcome variables form the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) using statistical micro-simulation. Through this methodology, simulations of specific health determinants and outcome can be investigated at small spatial scales within rural areas. Dasymetric mapping provided neighbourhood-level population estimates that were used to re-weight as set of SES variables that were correlates with those in the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). These neighbourhood-level correlates allowed microsimulation and consequent spatial exploration of prevalence for smoking, binge drinking, obesity, self-rated mental health, and the presence of two or more chronic conditions. The methodology outlined in this paper, provides and innovative way of exploring health determinants and health outcomes in neighbourhoods for which population and health statistics are not traditionally collected at levels that would allow traditional statistical analyses of prevalence.