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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Possibilidades de enfoque CTS para o ensino superior de qu?mica: proposta de uma abordagem para ?cidos e bases

Nunes, Albino Oliveira 28 July 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-05T17:51:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbinoOliveiraNunes_TESE.pdf: 3044706 bytes, checksum: bcd3de2785c53116032a8db14077d3d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-08T21:26:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbinoOliveiraNunes_TESE.pdf: 3044706 bytes, checksum: bcd3de2785c53116032a8db14077d3d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-08T21:26:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlbinoOliveiraNunes_TESE.pdf: 3044706 bytes, checksum: bcd3de2785c53116032a8db14077d3d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / A educa??o cient?fica tem passado por um per?odo de redefini??es, contesta??es e novas contribui??es oriundas da pesquisa em ensino de ci?ncias. Um dos aportes ? a ideia de um letramento cient?fico e tecnol?gico que n?o apenas permita ao cidad?o conhecer a ci?ncia, mas tamb?m compreender aspectos sobre a constru??o e motiva??es da pesquisa cient?fica e tecnol?gica. Em conson?ncia com esse pensamento, t?m-se os estudos no campo Ci?ncia-Tecnologia-Sociedade que, desde a d?cada de 70, vem contribuindo para o ensino e aprendizagem de ci?ncias nos moldes de uma compreens?o das interrela??es com a sociedade, nos pa?ses ocidentais do hemisf?rio norte. Aqui no Brasil, esse enfoque come?ou a ganhar proje??o a partir da d?cada de 90, quando ocorreram as publica??es das primeiras disserta??es sobre o tema. Atualmente, percebese claramente a influencia desse enfoque nas orienta??es curriculares nacionais para o ensino m?dio na ?rea de ci?ncias naturais e exatas (PCN, PCN+, OCN), e tamb?m nos livros adotados pelo Programa Nacional do Ensino M?dio. Parece, no entanto, haver uma lacuna, no tocante ? discuss?o dos componentes curriculares espec?ficos ofertados no ensino superior sob esse enfoque. Assim, neste trabalho prop?s-se a inser??o do enfoque CTS, mediante a elabora??o de material did?tico complementar, sobre os conceitos de ?cidos e bases estudados na disciplina Qu?mica Geral, voltado ?s licenciaturas de ci?ncias naturais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliogr?fica cujo objetivo era construir o estado da arte sobre esses conceitos na literatura espec?fica de ensino de ci?ncias, subdividido em duas etapas: estudo sistem?tico (com dezesseis peri?dicos escolhidos segundo o Qualis-Capes) e um estudo assistem?tico com busca direta em bases de dados e refer?ncias citadas nos artigos do estudo sistem?tico. Os trabalhos encontrados foram analisados segundo an?lise de conte?do nos quais as categorias escolhidas a priori foram o n?vel de ensino, os conceitos ?cido-base adotados e a estrat?gia/referencial te?rico de ensino adotado. Uma segunda etapa foi a identifica??o das atitudes e cren?as CTS (Ci?ncia-Tecnologia-Sociedade) e QSA (Qu?mica-Ambiente-Sociedade) de estudantes de cursos de forma??o de professores e tecnol?gicos em tr?s institui??es distintas: UTFPR, UFRN e IFRN. Nesse estudo foram utilizados dois question?rios, compostos respectivamente por uma escala de Likert, uma escala de diferencial sem?ntico e quest?es abertas. A confiabilidade dos dados quantitativos foi estimada pelo m?todo do alfa de Cronbach, e os dados tratados segundo a estat?stica cl?ssica, usando como medidas de centralidade a m?dia e, de dispers?o, o desvio m?dio. Os dados qualitativos foram abordados segundo a an?lise de conte?do, com categorias que emergiram da leitura das respostas. Na terceira etapa foi analisada a presen?a de conte?do CTS e QSA nos cap?tulos que abordavam os conceitos de ?cidos e bases em nove livros de Qu?mica Geral, frequentemente usados nos cursos superiores de institui??es p?blicas do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados mostram que h? pouca presen?a de propostas com enfoque CTS e QSA para o ensino sobre ?cidos e bases, e estando essas voltadas ao ensino m?dio ou para as disciplinas de Instrumenta??o para o Ensino, n?o sendo encontrada nenhuma proposta para a disciplina de Qu?mica Geral. As atitudes e cren?as dos estudantes indicam a presen?a de uma vis?o positivista, apoiada nos mitos da neutralidade de C&T e na perspectiva salvacionista de sua interven??o. A an?lise dos livros revelou que quase n?o se encontram conte?dos CTS e QSA nos cap?tulos analisados e, quando encontrados, eles est?o apresentados de maneira desconexa com o corpo de texto principal. Por fim, como x proposta para contribuir com a solu??o do problema de aus?ncia de propostas CTS nos livros de Qu?mica Geral, assim como as atitudes positivistas dos estudantes, foi desenvolvido um material did?tico a ser usado na disciplina de Qu?mica Geral no Ensino Superior. O material est? estruturado para trazer uma vis?o hist?rica da elabora??o dos conceitos, apresentar o uso dos materiais, dos processos industriais e tecnol?gicos e as consequ?ncias socioambientais dessas atividades / Scientific education has been passing by redefinitions, contestations and new contributions from the research on science teaching. One contribution is the idea of science and technology literacy, allowing the citizens not only knowing science but also understand aspects on the construction and motivation of scientific and technological research. In accordance with this idea, there is the Science-Technology-Society (STS) studies which, since the 1970s, has been contributing for science teaching and learning according to the comprehension of the relationships with society in the Western countries of the North. In Brazil, this approach began to gain projection from the 1990s when the first essays on the theme were published. Currently, there is a clear influence of this approach on the national curriculum guidelines, especially for the area of Natural Sciences, and also on the textbooks chosen by the High School National Program (Programa Nacional do Ensino M?dio). However, there seems to be a gap in relation to the discussion on the specific curricular component seen in college on this approach. Thus, this study aims at adopting the approach STS, face to the preparation of complimentary educational material on acid and bases concepts studied in the course of General Chemistry of the Natural Sciences graduation program. To this end, it was performed a bibliographical research aiming at making the state-of-the-art in in these concepts in specific literature to science teaching. It is divided in two stages: systematic study (with sixteen journals chosen according to Qualis-Capes and an unsystematic study with direct search in databases and references in the papers of the systematic study. The studies had their content analyzed and the categories chosen a priori were the level of education, the acid-base theory adopted, and the strategy/theoretical frame of reference adopted. A second stage aimed at identifying attitudes and beliefs on STS (Science-Technology-Society) and CSE (Chemistry-Society-Environment) of students in the teacher and technologist training course in three diferent institutions: UTFPR, UFRN and IFRN. In this study, it was used two questionnaires, composed of a Likert scale, semantic differential scale and open questions. The quantitative data reliability was estimated through Cronbach?s alpha method, and tha data were treated according to classic statistics, using the mean as the centrality measures, and the mean deviation as dispersion. The qualitative data were treated according to the content analysis with categories taken from the reading of answers. In the third stage, it was analyzed the presence of STS and CSE content in chapters on acid and bases concepts of nine General Chemistry textbooks, frequently used in graduation programs in public institutions of the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The results showed that there are few proposals of acid and bases teaching, and they are generally aimed at High School or at instrumentation for teaching courses, and no course for General Chemistry. The student?s attitudes and beliefs show the presence of a positivist point of view based on the concept of Science and Technology neutrality and the salvation of its mediation. The books analysis showed just a few content on STS and CSE are found in the studied chapters, and they are generally presented disjointedly in relation to the rest of the main text. In the end, as suggestion to solve the absence of proposals STS in General Chemistry books, as well as the student?s positivist attitudes, it was developed some educational material to be used in the course of General Chemistry at College. The material is structured to introduce a historical view of the concepts preparation, present the use of materials, the industrial and technological processes, and social and environmental consequences of this activities

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