Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaniereDV_DISSERT.pdf: 2210959 bytes, checksum: 50b0d022488541db247d404d8e3dc596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / The treatment of oil produced water and its implications are continually under investigation and several questions are related to this subject. In the Northeast Region Brazil, the onshore reservoirs are, in its majority, mature oil fields with high production of water. As this oil produced water has high levels of oil, it cannot be directly discarded into the environment because it represents a risk for contamination of soil, water, and groundwater, or even may cause harm to living bodies. Currently, polyelectrolytes that promote the coalescence of the oil droplets are used to remove the dispersed oil phase, enhancing the effectiveness of the flotation process. The non-biodegradability and high cost of polyelectrolytes are limiting factors for its application. On this context, it is necessary to develop studies for the search of more environmentally friendly products to apply in the flotation process. In this work it is proposed the modeling of the flotation process, in a glass column, using surfactants derived from vegetal oils to replace the polyelectrolytes, as well as to obtain a model that represents the experimental data. In addition, it was made a comparative study between the models described in the literature and the one developed in this research. The obtained results showed that the developed model presented high correlation coefficients when fitting the experimental data (R2 > 0.98), thus proving its efficiency in modeling the experimental data. / O tratamento da ?gua produzida (AP) e suas implica??es s?o continuamente estudadas e v?rias perguntas s?o direcionadas a esta ?rea. No Nordeste do Brasil os reservat?rios em terra (ONSHORE) s?o, em sua maioria, po?os maduros, com alta produ??o de ?gua, e como esta ?gua possui altos teores de ?leo, n?o pode ser descartada simplesmente, pois s?o um risco para o ambiente pela contamina??o do solo, ?guas subterr?neas ou mesmo animais e plantas. Atualmente, s?o utilizados polieletr?litos que facilitam a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas nesta ?gua para assim aumentar a efici?ncia do seu processo de tratamento que ? a flota??o. Estes polieletr?litos al?m de serem de alto custo n?o s?o biodegrad?veis o que limita sua aplica??o. Diante deste contexto, surge a necessidade de estudar produtos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente que viabilizem este tratamento. Este trabalho prop?s a modelagem do processo de flota??o em coluna utilizando tensoativos de origem vegetal em substitui??o aos polieletr?litos, bem como obter uma correla??o que represente os dados experimentais. Al?m disto, foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre modelos apresentados na literatura e o desenvolvido neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo desenvolvido obteve coeficientes de correla??o R2, em rela??o aos dados experimentais, acima de 0,98, comprovando sua efici?ncia na modelagem dos dados experimentais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatiaRS_TESE.pdf: 3330352 bytes, checksum: a77bcf257b8b71b30d6dadf0de0d7fd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Among the waste generated in the petrochemical industry water associated with oil production is the most important. It is considered one of the great challenges due to the presence of considered toxic chemicals present in this composition. The presence of these substances difficult to reuse the water associated with the enhanced recovery processes, so that prior to their reuse or disposal, treatment is necessary. This paper aimed to study the removal efficiency of chemical species: Ba2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Sr2+ and Zn2+, present in the composition of the water associated with oil production by electrocoagulation. The evaluation of removal of these chemical species was performed by laboratory tests using electrochemical batch reactors and continuous flow. Initial tests were performed with electrocoagulation of synthetic wastewater in batch reactor using iron electrode. Results of removal of Zn2+ and Ni2+ were 78 % and 59 % respectively. While the percentage of removed Ba2+ was 19 % by 30 minutes of treatment and by applying current of 1.10 A. The tests were performed on effluent batch reactor applying the electrochemical technique with stainless steel electrodes 304, the objective was to remove part of the dispersed oil and also of organic compounds in the effluent. Under the experimental conditions used, the maximum result was obtained TOG was 60 % and TOC was approximately 50 % compared to the initial concentration. In the experiments carried out in continuous reactor, with effluent semisynthetic, have been used electrodes of iron and aluminum and the results were 100 % removal of Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ and Zn2+ and 77 % of Sr2+. These percentages were only attainable through the use of the iron electrode. However, when the electrode was replaced by aluminum, there was a reduction in the percentage of removal to 65 %, using the same flow rate and current. Therefore according to the results obtained using the iron electrode was more effective in removing these metals and the conditions of lower current and lower flow rate was satisfactory, as observed in the experimental design adopted / Dentre os res?duos gerados na ind?stria petroqu?mica a ?gua associada ? produ??o de petr?leo ? a mais importante. Ela ? considerada um dos grandes desafios devido ? presen?a de subst?ncias qu?micas consideradas t?xicas presente na sua composi??o. A presen?a dessas subst?ncias dificulta a reutiliza??o da ?gua associada nos processos de recupera??o avan?ada, fazendo com que antes da sua reutiliza??o ou descarte, seja necess?rio seu tratamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo da efici?ncia de remo??o das esp?cies qu?micas: Ba2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Sr2+e Zn2+, presentes na composi??o da ?gua associada ? produ??o de petr?leo por eletrocoagula??o. A avalia??o de remo??o dessas esp?cies qu?micas foi realizada por testes em laborat?rio utilizando reatores eletroqu?micos de batelada e de fluxo cont?nuo. Os testes iniciais da eletrocoagula??o foram realizados com efluente sint?tico em reator batelada utilizando eletrodo de ferro. Os resultados de remo??o de Zn2+ e de Ni2+ foram de 78% e 59%, respectivamente. Enquanto que o percentual removido de Ba2+ foi de 19%, em 30 minutos de tratamento, aplicando corrente de 1,10A. Os testes com efluente foram realizados em reator batelada aplicando a t?cnica eletroqu?mica com eletrodos de inox 304, o objetivo foi remover parte do ?leo disperso e tamb?m, de compostos org?nicos presentes no efluente. De acordo com as condi??es experimentais usadas, o resultado m?ximo obtido de TOG foi de 60% e de TOC foi aproximadamente de 50%, em rela??o ? concentra??o inicial. Para os experimentos realizados em reator cont?nuo, com efluente semi-sint?tico, foram usados eletrodos de ferro e de alum?nio e os resultados obtidos foram de 100% de remo??o de Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+ e Zn2+ e 77% de Sr2+. Esses percentuais s? foram poss?veis de alcan?ar mediante o uso do eletrodo de ferro. Entretanto quando esse eletrodo foi substitu?do pelo de alum?nio, ocorreu um decr?scimo no percentual de remo??o para 65%, utilizando-se a mesma vaz?o e corrente. Portanto segundo os resultados obtidos, a utiliza??o do eletrodo de ferro mostrou-se mais eficaz na remo??o desses metais e as condi??es de menor vaz?o e menor corrente foram satisfat?rias, conforme observado no planejamento fatorial adotado