Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-12T14:42:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-18T14:38:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T14:38:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreCamaraDeBrito_DISSERT.pdf: 1740307 bytes, checksum: 2791cedd5bfccff8d9fbd2dc3410084e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Para tratamento de esgotos dom?sticos lagoas de estabiliza??o possuem importantes vantagens, como elevada efici?ncia na remo??o de mat?ria org?nica e organismos patog?nicos, n?o utiliza??o de energia el?trica e facilidade operacional, principalmente em regi?es de clima tropical. Por outro lado, uma de suas desvantagens ? a elevada concentra??o de s?lidos suspensos, principalmente devido a biomassa algal. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a efici?ncia de remo??o da flota??o por ar dissolvido (FAD) no p?s-tratamento de efluentes de lagoas de estabiliza??o. Para os ensaios com a FAD (coagula??o-flocula??o-flota??o) foi utilizado um flotateste de bancada. Foi planejado um delineamento experimental tipo fatorial aleat?rio, utilizando o crit?rio ka-1, em que k ? o n?mero de n?veis (k=3: menor, central, maior) e a ? o n?mero de fatores (a=4: dose de coagulante, taxa de recircula??o de ?gua saturada, pH e tempo de flocula??o), com ensaios realizados em triplicata, para os coagulantes policloreto de alum?nio e cloreto f?rrico em efluente de lagoas de facultativa prim?ria e lagoa de matura??o. As amostras do efluente da lagoa facultativa e efluente final da ETE Ponta Negra (Natal) foram coletadas semanalmente, no per?odo da manh?. As seguintes vari?veis foram avaliadas nos efluentes brutos e ap?s os ensaios com FAD: turbidez, s?lidos suspensos totais, cor aparente, DQO, clorofila ?a?, fosforo total, ortofosfato sol?vel e nitrog?nio amoniacal e org?nico. A vari?vel operacional com maior influ?ncia na remo??o as vari?veis avaliadas foi a dose de coagulante para o coagulante PAC e para o coagulante cloreto f?rrico a maior influ?ncia na remo??o das vari?veis foi o pH seguido da dosagem de coagulante. A partir da dosagem otimizada as remo??es nos par?metros analisados atingiram valores entre 66% e 97%. O p?s-tratamento na lagoa facultativa obteve o maior percentual de remo??o nas vari?veis analisadas para os dois coagulantes, assim como o cloreto f?rrico obtive maiores percentuais de remo??o em todas as situa??es. / For treatment of wastewater stabilization ponds have important advantages, such as high efficiency in removing organic matter and pathogens, non-use of electricity and operational ease, especially in tropical regions. On the other hand, one of its disadvantages is the high concentration of suspended solids, mostly due to algal biomass. The objective of this research was to evaluate the removal efficiency flotation by dissolved air (FAD) in the post-treatment stabilization ponds effluent. For tests with the FAD (coagulation-flocculation-flotation) we used a bench flotateste. a random factorial experimental design was planned using the ka-1 criterion, where k is the number of levels (k = 3: low, middle, major) and a is the number of factors (a = 4: coagulant dose saturated, water recirculation rate, pH and flocculation time) with assays performed in triplicate for the coagulant polyaluminium chloride, ferric chloride effluent primary facultative lagoons and maturation pond. Samples of the effluent from the facultative pond and final effluent from the WWTP Ponta Negra (Natal) were collected weekly in the morning. The following variables were evaluated in the raw wastewater and after the tests with FAD: turbidity, total suspended solids, apparent color, COD, chlorophyll "a", total phosphorus, orthophosphate soluble and ammonia and organic nitrogen. The operational variable with higher influence on the removal variables was evaluated coagulant dose for the PAC coagulant and the coagulant ferric chloride to remove the greatest influence variable was the pH followed by coagulant dosage. From the optimized dosage removals in the analyzed parameters reached values between 66% and 97%. The post-treatment in the facultative pond had the highest percentage removal in variables for the two coagulants, and ferric chloride got higher removal percentages in all situations.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-02T23:42:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T20:21:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T20:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / O principal efluente presente na ind?stria do petr?leo ? a ?gua produzida, que normalmente est? associada ao ?leo produzido, apresentando um consider?vel volume de produ??o e podendo refletir em efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente e ? sociedade caso seu descarte seja inadequado, sendo imprescind?vel, portanto, um valoroso cuidado para estabelecer e manter a sua gest?o. O tratamento convencional para este efluente associa as t?cnicas de flocula??o e flota??o. Na flocula??o s?o utilizados floculantes convencionais que, al?m do alto custo, s?o fornecidos com pouca informa??o t?cnica. A flota??o ? a etapa na qual ? poss?vel obter a separa??o das part?culas coloidais presentes no efluente, sendo a flota??o por ar dissolvido (FAD) uma t?cnica que vem se consolidando economicamente e apresentantdo grande confiabilidade ambiental ao se comparar com outros processos. A FAD se apresenta como um processo largamente empregado em v?rios campos de tratamento de ?guas de abastecimento e de efluentes industriais em todo o planeta. Neste sentido, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial de um floculante alternativo natural ? base de Moringa oleifera na redu??o do teor de ?leos e graxas (TOG) da ?gua produzida na ind?stria do petr?leo atrav?s do m?todo de flocula??o/FAD. Avaliou-se a efici?ncia do floculante natural e se comparou sua efici?ncia com dois floculantes comerciais normalmente utilizados pela ind?stria do petr?leo (A e B). Os resultados de efici?ncias globais para todos os floculantes foram tratados atrav?s de planejamentos estat?sticos experimentais com base na utiliza??o do software STATISTICA vers?o 10.0. Obteve-se no planejamento experimental superf?cies de contorno e de resposta que foram interpretadas em termos da vari?vel resposta efici?ncia de remo??o de TOG (Teor de ?leos e/ou Graxas). O planejamento permitiu ainda a obten??o de modelos matem?ticos para c?lculo da vari?vel resposta nas condi??es estudadas. Os floculantes comerciais A e B apresentaram comportamentos similares, com efici?ncia global m?dia de 90% na efici?ncia de remo??o do ?leo, sendo a an?lise econ?mica o fator decisivo para a escolha de utiliza??o desses floculantes no processo. O floculante alternativo natural, ? base de Moringa oleifera, apresentou menor efici?ncia de separa??o que ?quelas de A e B (em m?dia 70%), por outro lado este floculante se apresenta ambientalmente correto e de menor custo. / The principal effluent in the oil industry is the produced water, which is commonly associated to the produced oil. It presents a pronounced volume of production and it can be reflected on the environment and society, if its discharge is unappropriated. Therefore, it is indispensable a valuable careful to establish and maintain its management. The traditional treatment of produced water, usualy includes both tecniques, flocculation and flotation. At flocculation processes, there are traditional floculant agents that aren?t well specified by tecnichal information tables and still expensive. As for the flotation process, it?s the step in which is possible to separate the suspended particles in the effluent. The dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a technique that has been consolidating economically and environmentally, presenting great reliability when compared with other processes. The DAF is presented as a process widely used in various fields of water and wastewater treatment around the globe. In this regard, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential of an alternative natural flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera to reduce the amount of oil and grease (TOG) in produced water from the oil industry by the method of flocculation/DAF. the natural flocculant agent was evaluated by its efficacy, as well as its efficiency when compared with two commercial flocculant agents normally used by the petroleum industry. The experiments were conducted following an experimental design and the overall efficiencies for all flocculants were treated through statistical calculation based on the use of STATISTICA software version 10.0. Therefore, contour surfaces were obtained from the experimental design and were interpreted in terms of the response variable removal efficiency TOG (total oil and greases). The plan still allowed to obtain mathematical models for calculating the response variable in the studied conditions. Commercial flocculants showed similar behavior, with an average overall efficiency of 90% for oil removal, however it is the economical analysis the decisive factor to choose one of these flocculant agents to the process. The natural alternative flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera showed lower separation efficiency than those of commercials one (average 70%), on the other hand this flocculant causes less environmental impacts and it?s less expensive

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-02T12:10:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaIsabelleDeSouzaFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2915021 bytes, checksum: d55fbdf3b47d9ac4f3a9ba65f22a6c3f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-07T16:31:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaIsabelleDeSouzaFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2915021 bytes, checksum: d55fbdf3b47d9ac4f3a9ba65f22a6c3f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T16:31:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JessicaIsabelleDeSouzaFreitas_DISSERT.pdf: 2915021 bytes, checksum: d55fbdf3b47d9ac4f3a9ba65f22a6c3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A ind?stria de petr?leo ? um dos setores com maior potencial de degrada??o ambiental, sendo a ?gua produzida o res?duo mais relevante. A complexa composi??o qu?mica e o elevado volume gerado deste efluente exigem um rigoroso controle e gerenciamento. Assim, antes de ser descartada, reinjetada em po?os ou para outra finalidade esta ?gua deve ser tratada de acordo com a legisla??o ambiental vigente. No que se refere ao tratamento de ?gua produzida para remo??o do teor de ?leos e graxas, a t?cnica combinada flocula??o/flota??o por ar dissolvido vem sendo bastante estudada. Na etapa de flocula??o vem sendo utilizado floculantes qu?micos convencionais de elevado custo e n?o-biodegrad?veis. Nesse contexto, avaliou-se a efici?ncia de remo??o do teor de ?leos e graxas da ?gua produzida atrav?s da t?cnica combinada flocula??o/flota??o por ar dissolvido utilizando a mistura de floculantes natural de Moringa ole?fera e dois floculantes comerciais ?C? e ?D? (j? utilizados na ind?stria), objetivando deixar a ?gua produzida nas condi??es de descarte. Os ensaios foram realizados segundo planejamento experimental para avalia??o estat?stica da influ?ncia da concentra??o total de floculante, tempo de mistura lenta e tempo de flota??o na efici?ncia de remo??o do teor de ?leos e graxas. Al?m disso, para cada mistura e suas respectivas propor??es estudadas, obtiveram-se modelos matem?ticos. O tratamento do efluente utilizando a mistura do floculante Moringa ole?fera e floculante comercial ?D?, com propor??o de mistura em base volum?trica 50:50%, atendeu os requisitos ambientais em todas as condi??es avaliadas; enquanto, nas mesmas condi??es, n?o foi poss?vel utilizando a mistura do floculante Moringa ole?fera e floculante comercial ?C?. Tamb?m verificou-se a efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leos e graxas com mistura do floculante Moringa ole?fera e floculante comercial ?D? com propor??o de mistura em base volum?trica 70:30% (respectivamente) sendo esta condi??o de interesse ambiental, uma vez que foi poss?vel atender os requisitos ambientais para descarte da ?gua produzida. Todas as misturas do floculante de Moringa ole?fera e floculantes comerciais ?C? e ?D? estudadas mostraram-se eficazes na adequa??o da ?gua produzida para descarte. Finalmente, avaliou-se o efeito potencializador da Moringa ole?fera sobre o floculante comercial ?D? na remo??o do teor de ?leos e graxas da ?gua produzida. / The Oil Industry is one of the sectors with greatest potential for environmental degradation and the produced water is the largest waste stream generated in this industry. The complex chemical composition and the high volume generated of this effluent hold a strict control and management. In accordance with current environmental legislation the water should be treated before final disposal, reuse or recycle including underground injected vapor to increase oil production. In view of the treatment of produced water for oil and grease content removal, the combined technique flocculation/dissolved air flotation has been extensively studied. In the flocculation step has been used high cost flocculants of chemical industry which are non-biodegradable. In this context it was evaluated the removal efficiency of oil and grease content from produced water by the combined technique flocculation/dissolved air flotation using Moringa Ole?iferaM.O) a natural flocculant blended with two commercial flocculants ?C? and ?D? (currently used in the oil industry), aiming to let the water produced in the disposal conditions. The experiments were conducted by means of statistical experimental design evaluating the influence of the total concentration of flocculants, slow mixing time and flotation time over the efficiency of oil and grease content removal. Moreover, for each mixture and their respective ratios studied, were obtained mathematical models. The effluent treatment using the mixture of Moringa ole?fera and commercial ?D? flocculants with mixing ratio of 50:50 (%, volume basis) achieved the environmental requirements in all conditions evaluated, while, under the same conditions it wasn?t possible using the mixture of Moringa Ole?fera and commercial ?C? flocculant. The oil and grease removal content efficiency using a mixing ratio of 70:30 (%, volume basis of M. O and commercial flocculant, respectively) showed to be an interesting condition to reach the environmental requirements for produced water disposal once all mixtures of Moringa Ole?fera and commercial flocculants ?C? and ?D? achieved satisfactory experimental results for produced water disposal. Finally, we evaluated the effect of improvement of Moringa ole?fera into commercial flocculant ?D? on oil and grease removal content efficiency.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T12:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Samantha Grisol da Cruz.pdf: 738384 bytes, checksum: 51b03e05eacc0b118f5eef0fd1f9c373 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T12:51:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Samantha Grisol da Cruz.pdf: 738384 bytes, checksum: 51b03e05eacc0b118f5eef0fd1f9c373 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals from different economic activities, including the oil wells drilling has been one source of soil contamination by lead, barium and zinc. These metals compose substances such as barita and galena, which are used to density control of drilling fluid. The soil remediation frequently uses EDTA (1.0 M) as extractor agent, which generates a large amount of concentrated liquid metals. The metals present in this aqueous solution are present at low concentrations (between 10-7 and 10-4 mols.dm-3), which can?t be removed by traditional methods. Alternatively, flotation treatment is a technique that has a viable capacity to handle large volumes of effluent in relatively small areas and accepts combinations with other techniques such as coagulation. This study aimed to verify the removal efficiency of Pb, Zn and Ba present in a synthesized solution, which simulates the effluent generated by contaminated soil washing, by dispersed air flotation. The experiments were conducted at bench scale and have been investigated the influence of the parameters involved in the process, such as pH, flotation time, column height and bubble size. All the study was done by colloid flotation using ferric chloride as coagulant and sodium dodecyl sulfate as the collector of a stoichiometric ratio of three sodium dodecyl sulfate to one of metal. The results showed that the technique has produced satisfactory results in the removal of lead, barium and zinc reached up to 100% removal of the metal, making it possible to meet criteria and standards for effluent discharge described in the RESOLUTION N?. 357, THE NATIONAL COUNCIL ON THE ENVIRONMENT (CONAMA). / A polui??o ambiental por metais pesados resulta de diferentes atividades econ?micas, entre elas, a perfura??o de po?os de petr?leo tem sido uma das fontes de contamina??o do solo por Chumbo, B?rio e Zinco. Estes metais s?o provenientes de subst?ncias como a barita e a galena que s?o utilizadas para o controle da densidade de fluido de perfura??o. Para remedia??o deste solo ? feito uma lavagem com EDTA (1,0M), de onde ser? gerado um volume de l?quido concentrado dos metais antes presentes no solo. Os metais presentes nesta solu??o aquosa encontram-se em concentra??es reduzidas (entre 10-7 e 10-4 mol.dm-3), o que dificulta resultados satisfat?rios ao utilizar m?todos tradicionais. Como alternativa de tratamento a flota??o ? uma t?cnica que possui uma capacidade vi?vel de tratar grandes volumes de efluentes em ?reas relativamente pequenas e que aceita combina??es com outras t?cnicas, como a coagula??o. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar a efici?ncia de remo??o dos metais Pb, Ba e Zn presentes em uma solu??o sintetizada, que simula o efluente gerado na lavagem do solo contaminado, via flota??o por ar disperso. Os experimentos foram realizados em escala de bancada e nestes foram investigados a influ?ncia dos par?metros envolvidos no processo. Tais como: pH, tempo de flota??o, Altura da coluna e tamanho de bolha. Todo o estudo foi feito por flota??o de col?ides, usando o cloreto f?rrico como agente coagulante e o dodecil sulfato de s?dio como coletor a uma raz?o estequiom?trica de tr?s de dodecil sulfato de s?dio para um de metal. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a t?cnica produziu resultados satisfat?rios na remo??o de chumbo, b?rio e zinco atingido at? 100% de remo??o do metal, sendo assim poss?vel atender aos crit?rios e padr?es de lan?amento de efluentes descritos na RESOLU??O NO. 357, DO CONSELHO NACIONAL DO MEIO AMBIENTE (CONAMA).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SyllosSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3274284 bytes, checksum: efc9ef709dfd1e06b4170ed41eedf3fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / The generation of wastes in most industrial process is inevitable. In the petroleum industry, one of the greatest problems for the environment is the huge amount of produced water generated in the oil fields. This wastewater is a complex mixture and present great amounts. These effluents can be hazardous to the environmental without adequate treatment. This research is focused in the analysis of the efficiencies of the flotation and photo-oxidation processes to remove and decompose the organic compounds present in the produced water. A series of surfactants derivated from the laurilic alcohol was utilized in the flotation to promote the separation. The experiments have been performed with a synthetic wastewater, carefully prepared with xylene. The experimental data obtained using flotation presented a first order kinetic, identified by the quality of the linear data fitting. The best conditions were found at 0.029 g.L-1 for the surfactant EO 7, 0.05 g.L-1 for EO 8, 0.07 g.L-1 for EO 9, 0.045 g.L-1 for EO 10 and 0.08 g.L-1 for EO 23 with the following estimated kinetic constants: 0.1765, 0.1325, 0.1210, 0.1531 and 0.1699 min-1, respectively. For the series studied, the most suitable surfactant was the EO 7 due to the lower reagent onsumption, higher separation rate constant and higher removal efficiency of xylene in the aqueous phase (98%). Similarly to the flotation, the photo-Fenton process shows to be efficient for degradation of xylene and promoting the mineralization of the organic charge around 90% and 100% in 90 min / A gera??o de res?duos na maioria dos processos industriais ? quase que inevit?vel. Na ind?stria do petr?leo, um dos grandes vil?es para o meio ambiente ? o enorme volume de ?guas produzidas nos campos de petr?leo. Este efluente apresenta composi??o complexa e aliado ao grande volume envolvido pode-se tornar bastante danoso ao meio ambiente quando descartado de forma inadequada. Esta pesquisa est? centrada na an?lise das efici?ncias dos processos de flota??o em coluna e oxida??o avan?ada por processo foto-Fenton para remo??o/degrada??o de org?nicos presentes na ?gua produzida. Uma s?rie de tensoativos derivados de ?lcool laur?lico foi utilizada na flota??o para promover a melhoria da cin?tica e efici?ncia de separa??o. Os experimentos foram realizados com efluente sint?tico contendo xileno como poluente modelo. Os dados experimentais obtidos da flota??o apresentaram cin?tica de 1? ordem, identificada pela qualidade dos ajustes lineares. As melhores condi??es encontradas foram 0,029 g.L-1 para o EO 7, 0,05 g.L-1 para o EO 8, 0,07 g.L-1 para o EO 9, 0,045 g.L-1 para o EO 10 e 0,08 g.L-1 para o EO 23 com as seguintes constantes de velocidade iguais a 0,1765, 0,1325, 0,1210, 0,1531, 0,1699 min-1, respectivamente. Para a s?rie estudada, o tensoativo mais adequado foi o EO 7 devido o menor consumo de reagente, maior constante cin?tica de separa??o e maior efici?ncia de remo??o do xileno da fase aquosa (98%). De forma similar a flota??o, o processo foto-Fenton demonstrou ser eficiente para degrada??o do xileno alcan?ando efici?ncia de mineraliza??o da carga org?nica entre 90% e 100% em 90 min

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaniereDV_DISSERT.pdf: 2210959 bytes, checksum: 50b0d022488541db247d404d8e3dc596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-10 / The treatment of oil produced water and its implications are continually under investigation and several questions are related to this subject. In the Northeast Region Brazil, the onshore reservoirs are, in its majority, mature oil fields with high production of water. As this oil produced water has high levels of oil, it cannot be directly discarded into the environment because it represents a risk for contamination of soil, water, and groundwater, or even may cause harm to living bodies. Currently, polyelectrolytes that promote the coalescence of the oil droplets are used to remove the dispersed oil phase, enhancing the effectiveness of the flotation process. The non-biodegradability and high cost of polyelectrolytes are limiting factors for its application. On this context, it is necessary to develop studies for the search of more environmentally friendly products to apply in the flotation process. In this work it is proposed the modeling of the flotation process, in a glass column, using surfactants derived from vegetal oils to replace the polyelectrolytes, as well as to obtain a model that represents the experimental data. In addition, it was made a comparative study between the models described in the literature and the one developed in this research. The obtained results showed that the developed model presented high correlation coefficients when fitting the experimental data (R2 > 0.98), thus proving its efficiency in modeling the experimental data. / O tratamento da ?gua produzida (AP) e suas implica??es s?o continuamente estudadas e v?rias perguntas s?o direcionadas a esta ?rea. No Nordeste do Brasil os reservat?rios em terra (ONSHORE) s?o, em sua maioria, po?os maduros, com alta produ??o de ?gua, e como esta ?gua possui altos teores de ?leo, n?o pode ser descartada simplesmente, pois s?o um risco para o ambiente pela contamina??o do solo, ?guas subterr?neas ou mesmo animais e plantas. Atualmente, s?o utilizados polieletr?litos que facilitam a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas nesta ?gua para assim aumentar a efici?ncia do seu processo de tratamento que ? a flota??o. Estes polieletr?litos al?m de serem de alto custo n?o s?o biodegrad?veis o que limita sua aplica??o. Diante deste contexto, surge a necessidade de estudar produtos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente que viabilizem este tratamento. Este trabalho prop?s a modelagem do processo de flota??o em coluna utilizando tensoativos de origem vegetal em substitui??o aos polieletr?litos, bem como obter uma correla??o que represente os dados experimentais. Al?m disto, foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre modelos apresentados na literatura e o desenvolvido neste trabalho. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo desenvolvido obteve coeficientes de correla??o R2, em rela??o aos dados experimentais, acima de 0,98, comprovando sua efici?ncia na modelagem dos dados experimentais.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LedaMOL_TESE.pdf: 3658937 bytes, checksum: 6ad7dbe6b2ec8a6f89d9264905ef89b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / Innovative technologies using surfactant materials have applicability in several industrial fields, including petroleum and gas areas. This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil (SCO saponified coconut oil) in the recovery process of organic compounds that are present in oily effluents from petroleum industry. For this end, experiments were accomplished in a column of small dimension objectifying to verify the influence of the surfactant SCO in the efficiency of oil removal. This way, they were prepared emulsions with amount it fastens of oil (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), being determined the great concentrations of surfactant for each one of them. Some rehearsals were still accomplished with produced water of the industry of the petroleum to compare the result with the one of the emulsions. According to the experiments, it was verified that an increase of the surfactant concentration does not implicate in a greater oil removal. The separation process use gaseous bubbles formed when a gas stream pass a liquid column, when low surfactant concentrations are used, it occurs the coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets and their transport to the top of the column, forming a new continuous phase. Such surfactants lead to a gas-liquid interface saturation, depending on the used surfactant concentration, affecting the flotation process and influencing in the removal capacity of the oily dispersed phase. A porous plate filter, with pore size varying from 40 to 250 mm, was placed at the base of the column to allow a hydrodynamic stable operation. During the experimental procedures, the operating volume of phase liquid was held constant and the rate of air flow varied in each experiment. The resulting experimental of the study hydrodynamic demonstrated what the capturing of the oil was influenced by diameter of the bubbles and air flow. With the increase flow of 300 about to 900 cm3.min-1, occurred an increase in the removal of oil phase of 44% about to 66% and the removal kinetic of oil was defined as a reaction of 1? order / Tecnologias inovadoras que usam materiais tensoativos t?m aplicabilidade em v?rios campos industriais, dentre eles petr?leo e g?s natural. Este estudo busca investigar o uso de um tensoativo, derivado de ?leo de coco (OCS - ?leo de coco saponificado), no processo de recupera??o de compostos org?nicos presentes em efluentes oleosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. Para este fim, foram realizados experimentos em uma coluna de bancada objetivando verificar a influ?ncia do tensoativo OCS na efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo. Desta forma, foram preparadas emuls?es com quantidades fixas de ?leo (50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm), determinandose a concentra??o ?tima de tensoativo para cada uma delas. Foram, tamb?m, realizados alguns ensaios com ?gua de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo, visando comparar o resultado com o das emuls?es. O processo de separa??o consiste no uso de bolhas gasosas formadas quando um fluxo de g?s passa em uma coluna l?quida, com concentra??es de tensoativo, ocorrendo a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas e, consequentemente, o transporte delas ao topo da coluna, formando uma nova fase oleosa cont?nua. O processo fundamenta-se na satura??o de tensoativo na interface g?s-l?quido, dependendo da concentra??o de tensoativo usada, resultando na flota??o da fase ?leo dispersa. Um filtro de prato poroso, com tamanho de poro que varia de 40 a 250 μm, foi colocado ? base da coluna para permitir uma opera??o hidrodin?mica est?vel. Durante os procedimentos experimentais, o volume operacional da fase l?quida foi mantido constante e a taxa de fluxo de ar variada em cada experimento. Os resultados experimentais do estudo hidrodin?mico demonstraram que a captura do ?leo foi influenciada pelos di?metros das bolhas e vaz?es de ar. Com o aumento da vaz?o de 300 para 900 cm3.min-1, ocorreu um aumento de remo??o da fase ?leo de 44% para 66% e a cin?tica de remo??o do ?leo foi definida como uma rea??o de 1? ordem

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SyllosSS_TESE.pdf: 2557262 bytes, checksum: 77d0a0faa8e481b116f80dda9a4c8e96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-01 / During production of oil and gas, there is also the production of an aqueous effluent called produced water. This byproduct has in its composition salts, organic compounds, gases and heavy metals. This research aimed to evaluate the integration of processes Induced Air Flotation (IAF) and photo-Fenton for reducing the Total Oils and Greases (TOG) present in produced water. Experiments were performed with synthetic wastewater prepared from the dispersion of crude oil in saline solution. The system was stirred for 25 min at 33,000 rpm and then allowed to stand for 50 min to allow free oil separation. The initial oil concentration in synthetic wastewater was 300 ppm and 35 ppm for the flotation and the photo-Fenton steps, respectively. These values of initial oil concentration were established based on average values of primary processing units in Potiguar Basin. The processes were studied individually and then the integration was performed considering the best experimental conditions found in each individual step. The separation by flotation showed high removal rate of oil with first-order kinetic behavior. The flotation kinetics was dependent on both the concentration and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of the surfactant. The best result was obtained for the concentration of 4.06.10-3 mM (k = 0.7719 min-1) of surfactant EO 2, which represents 86% of reduction in TOG after 4 min. For series of surfactants evaluated, the separation efficiency was found to be improved by the use of surfactants with low HLB. Regarding the TOG reduction step by photo-Fenton, the largest oil removal reached was 84% after 45 min of reaction, using 0.44 mM and 10 mM of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The best experimental conditions encountered in the integrated process was 10 min of flotation followed by 45 min of photo-Fenton with overall TOG reduction of 99%, which represents 5 ppm of TOG in the treated effluent. The integration of processes flotation and photo-Fenton proved to be highly effective in reducing TOG of produced water in oilfields / Durante a produ??o de ?leo e g?s, ocorre tamb?m ? produ??o de uma corrente aquosa denominada ?gua de produ??o de petr?leo. Este subproduto apresenta em sua composi??o sais, compostos org?nicos, gases e metais pesados. Esta pesquisa buscou avaliar a integra??o dos processos de Flota??o por Ar Induzido (FAI) e foto-Fenton para a redu??o do Teor de ?leos e Graxas (TOG) presente em ?guas produzidas, visando recuperar ?leo presente na fase aquosa e mineralizar a carga org?nica remanescente. Os experimentos foram realizados com efluente sint?tico preparado a partir da dispers?o de petr?leo bruto em solu??o salina. O sistema foi agitado por 25 min a 33.000 rpm e depois deixado em repouso por 50 min para permitir a separa??o do ?leo livre. A concentra??o inicial de ?leo (TOG) no efluente sint?tico foi de 300 ppm e 35 ppm para as etapas de flota??o e de foto-Fenton, respectivamente. Estes valores iniciais de concentra??o de ?leo foram estabelecidos tomando com base a TOG m?dio do efluente nas unidades de processamento prim?rio da bacia Potiguar. Os processos foram estudados individualmente e, em seguida, realizada a integra??o considerando as melhores condi??es experimentais encontrada em cada etapa individualmente. A separa??o por flota??o apresentou elevada taxa de remo??o de ?leo com comportamento cin?tico de primeira ordem. A cin?tica de flota??o foi dependente tanto da concentra??o quanto do Balan?o Hidrof?lico-Lipof?lico (BHL) do tensoativo. O melhor resultado foi obtido para a concentra??o de 4,06.10-3 mM (k = 0,7719 min-1) do tensoativo EO 2, o que representa 86 % de redu??o do TOG ap?s 4 min de flota??o. Para a s?rie de tensoativos estudada, a efici?ncia de separa??o mostrou-se melhorada com o uso de tensoativo com menores BHL. Com respeito ? etapa de redu??o do TOG por foto-Fenton, a maior remo??o de ?leo alcan?ada foi de 84% ap?s 45 min de rea??o, utilizando 0,44 mM e 10 mM de ?ons ferrosos e per?xido de hidrog?nio, respectivamente. As melhores condi??es experimentais encontradas para os processos integrados foram 10 min de flota??o seguida de 45 min de foto-Fenton, com redu??o global de TOG de 99%, o que representa 5 ppm de TOG no efluente tratado. A integra??o dos processos flota??o e foto-Fenton mostrou ser altamente eficiente na redu??o de TOG em ?guas produzidas em campos de petr?leo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SyllosSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3274284 bytes, checksum: efc9ef709dfd1e06b4170ed41eedf3fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-22 / The generation of wastes in most industrial process is inevitable. In the petroleum industry, one of the greatest problems for the environment is the huge amount of produced water generated in the oil fields. This wastewater is a complex mixture and present great amounts. These effluents can be hazardous to the environmental without adequate treatment. This research is focused in the analysis of the efficiencies of the flotation and photo-oxidation processes to remove and decompose the organic compounds present in the produced water. A series of surfactants derivated from the laurilic alcohol was utilized in the flotation to promote the separation. The experiments have been performed with a synthetic wastewater, carefully prepared with xylene. The experimental data obtained using flotation presented a first order kinetic, identified by the quality of the linear data fitting. The best conditions were found at 0.029 g.L-1 for the surfactant EO 7, 0.05 g.L-1 for EO 8, 0.07 g.L-1 for EO 9, 0.045 g.L-1 for EO 10 and 0.08 g.L-1 for EO 23 with the following estimated kinetic constants: 0.1765, 0.1325, 0.1210, 0.1531 and 0.1699 min-1, respectively. For the series studied, the most suitablesurfactant was the EO 7 due to the lower reagent consumption, higher separation rate constant and higher removal efficiency of xylene in the aqueous phase (98%). Similarly to the flotation, the photo-Fenton process shows to be efficient for degradation of xylene and promoting the mineralization of the organic charge around 90% and 100% in 90 min / A gera??o de res?duos na maioria dos processos industriais ? quase que inevit?vel. Na ind?stria do petr?leo, um dos grandes vil?es para o meio ambiente ? o enorme volume de ?guas produzidas nos campos de petr?leo. Este efluente apresenta composi??o complexa e aliado ao grande volume envolvido pode-se tornar bastante danoso ao meio ambiente quando descartado de forma inadequada. Esta pesquisa est? centrada na an?lise das efici?ncias dos processos de flota??o em coluna e oxida??o avan?ada por processo foto-Fenton para remo??o/degrada??o de org?nicos presentes na ?gua produzida. Uma s?rie de tensoativos derivados de ?lcool laur?lico foi utilizada na flota??o para promover a melhoria da cin?tica e efici?ncia de separa??o. Os experimentos foram realizados com efluente sint?tico contendo xileno como poluente modelo. Os dados experimentais obtidos da flota??o apresentaram cin?tica de 1? ordem, identificada pela qualidade dos ajustes lineares. As melhores condi??es encontradas foram 0,029 g.L-1 para o EO 7, 0,05 g.L-1 para o EO 8, 0,07 g.L-1 para o EO 9, 0,045 g.L-1 para o EO 10 e 0,08 g.L-1 para o EO 23 com as seguintes constantes de velocidade iguais a 0,1765, 0,1325, 0,1210, 0,1531, 0,1699 min-1, respectivamente. Para a s?rie estudada, o tensoativo mais adequado foi o EO 7 devido o menor consumo de reagente, maior constante cin?tica de separa??o e maior efici?ncia de remo??o do xileno da fase aquosa (98%). De forma similar a flota??o, o processo foto-Fenton demonstrou ser eficiente para degrada??o do xileno alcan?ando efici?ncia de mineraliza??o da carga org?nica entre 90% e 100% em 90 min

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoMApdf.pdf: 2174206 bytes, checksum: a1de24fc592da4515b2bf51d89278503 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The separation oil-water by the use of flotation process is characterized by the involvement between the liquid and gas phases. For the comprehension of this process, it s necessary to analyze the physical and chemical properties command float flotation, defining the nature and forces over the particles. The interface chemistry has an important role on the flotation technology once, by dispersion of a gas phase into a liquid mixture the particles desired get stuck into air bubbles, being conduced to a superficial layer where can be physically separated. Through the study of interface interaction involved in the system used for this work, was possible to apply the results in an mathematical model able to determine the probability of flotation using a different view related to petroleum emulsions such as oil-water. The terms of probability of flotation correlate the collision and addition between particles of oil and air bubbles, that as more collisions, better is the probability of flotation. The additional probability was analyzed by the isotherm of absorption from Freundlich, represents itself the add probability between air bubbles and oil particles. The mathematical scheme for float flotation involved the injected air flow, the size of bubbles and quantity for second, the volume of float cell, viscosity of environment and concentration of demulsifier. The results shown that the float agent developed by castor oil, pos pH variation, salt quantity, temperature, concentration and water-oil quantity, presented efficient extraction of oil from water, up to 95%, using concentrations around 11 ppm of demulsifier. The best results were compared to other commercial products, codified by ―W‖ and ―Z‖, being observed an equivalent demulsifier power between Agflot and commercial product ―W‖ and superior to commercial product ―Z‖ / A separa??o ?leo/?gua pelo processo de flota??o ? caracterizada pelo envolvimento entre as fases l?quida e gasosa. Para a compreens?o desse processo, ? necess?rio estudar as propriedades f?sicas e qu?micas que governam a flota??o, estabelecendo a natureza e as for?as entre as part?culas. A qu?mica de interfaces desempenha um papel importante na tecnologia de flota??o, onde, por dispers?o de uma fase gasosa em uma mistura na fase l?quida, as part?culas a serem flotadas prendem-se ?s bolhas de ar e s?o conduzidas at? a camada superficial da solu??o, onde s?o separadas fisicamente. Atrav?s do estudo das intera??es interfaciais envolvidas, foi poss?vel aplicar seus resultados em uma equa??o que determina a probabilidade de flota??o por uma nova ?tica relacionada ?s emuls?es de petr?leo do tipo ?leo/?gua. Os termos da probabilidade de flota??o correlacionam os fen?menos de colis?o e de ades?o entre as part?culas de ?leo e as bolhas de ar. Na probabilidade de colis?o observa-se que quanto maior o n?mero de colis?es maior a probabilidade de flota??o. A probabilidade de ades?o foi analisada atrav?s da isoterma de adsor??o de Freundlich, que representa a probabilidade de ades?o entre as bolhas de ar e as part?culas de ?leo. A modelagem matem?tica para a flota??o envolveu o fluxo de ar injetado, o tamanho das bolhas de ar, a quantidade de bolhas por segundo, o volume da c?lula de flota??o, a viscosidade e a concentra??o do desemulsificante. Os resultados mostraram que o agente de flota??o desenvolvido a partir do ?leo de mamona, ap?s a varia??o do pH, salinidade, temperatura, concentra??o de desemulsificante e teor de ?leo/?gua, apresentou uma efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo em ?gua acima dos 95%, usando uma concentra??o em torno de 11 ppm de desemulsificante. Os melhores resultados foram comparados com outros produtos comerciais, codificados por ―W‖ e ―Z‖, sendo observado um poder desemulsificante equivalente entre o Agflot e o produto comercial ―W‖ e superior ao produto comercial ‖Z‖