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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Rejeito de xisto como adsorvente para remo??o de fenol em ?guas produzidas na ind?stria de petr?leo

Santiago, Rodrigo C?sar 21 August 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoCS.pdf: 3685250 bytes, checksum: 36c02ba21672c99c459225abadc4fe02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-21 / Petr?leo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS / Produced water is the main effluent linked to the activity of extraction of oil and their caring management is necessary due to the large volume involved, to ensure to minimize the negative impacts of discharges of these waters in the environment. This study aimed to analyze the use of retorted shale, which is a reject from the pyrolysis of pirobituminous shale, as adsorbent for the removal of phenols in produced water. The material was characterized by different techniques (grain sized analysis, thermal analysis, BET, FRX, FT-IR, XRD and SEM), showing the heterogeneity in their composition, showing its potential for the removal of varied compounds, as well as the phenols and their derivatives. For the analysis of the efficiency of the oil shale for the adsorption process, assays of adsorption balance were carried through, and also kinetic studies and dynamics adsorption, in the ETE of the UTPF of Petrobras, in Guamar?-RN. The balance assays shown a bigger conformity with the model of Langmuir and the kinetic model more adjusted to describe the adsorption of phenols in retorted shale was of pseudo-second order. The retorted shale presented a low capacity of adsorption of phenols (1,3mg/g), when related to others conventional adsorbents, however it is enough to the removal of these composites in concentrations presented in the produced water of the UTPF of Guamar?. The assays of dynamics adsorption in field had shown that the concentration of phenol in the effluent was null until reaching its rupture (58 hours). The results showed the possibility of use of the reject for removal of phenols in the final operations of the treatment process, removing as well, satisfactorily, the color and turbidity of the produced water, with more than 90% of removal / A ?gua Produzida ? o principal efluente ligado ? atividade de extra??o de Petr?leo e seu gerenciamento cuidadoso ? necess?rio devido ao grande volume envolvido de forma a garantir a minimiza??o dos impactos negativos dos descartes destas ?guas no meio ambiente. Este estudo teve o objetivo de analisar a utiliza??o de xisto retortado, rejeito proveniente da pir?lise do xisto pirobetuminoso, como adsorvente para remo??o de fen?is em ?guas Produzidas. O material foi caracterizado por diferentes t?cnicas (an?lise granulom?trica, an?lise t?rmica, BET, FRX, FT-IR, DRX e MEV), mostrando a heterogeneidade em sua composi??o, comprovando seu potencial para remo??o de compostos variados, assim como para os fen?is e seus derivados. Para a an?lise da efici?ncia do xisto retortado para o processo de adsor??o, foram realizados ensaios de equil?brio de adsor??o, estudos cin?ticos e din?mica de adsor??o, na ETE da UTPF da Petrobras, em Guamar?-RN. Os ensaios de equil?brio mostraram uma maior conformidade com o modelo de Langmuir e o modelo cin?tico mais adequado para descrever a adsor??o dos fen?is em xisto retortado foi o de pseudo-segunda ordem. O xisto retortado apresentou uma capacidade de adsor??o de fen?is baixa (1,3mg/g), quando relacionada a de outros adsorventes convencionais, por?m suficiente para a remo??o desses compostos em concentra??es apresentadas na ?gua Produzida da UTPF de Guamar?. Os ensaios de din?mica de adsor??o em campo mostraram que a concentra??o de fen?is no efluente foi nula at? atingir sua ruptura (58 horas). Os resultados mostraram a possibilidade do uso do rejeito para remo??o de fen?is em opera??es finais do processo de tratamento, removendo tamb?m, de forma satisfat?ria, a cor e turbidez da ?gua produzida, com remo??o superior a 90%.
2

Planejamento experimental aplicada a um novo separador l?quido-l?quido utilizado no tratamento de ?guas residuais contaminadas com petr?leo

Fernandes J?nior, Wilaci Eutr?pio 05 April 2002 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WilaciEFJ.pdf: 1838358 bytes, checksum: 40ec11f34b65cc0544a9b15c91dae65a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present work had as objective to apply an experimental planning aiming at to improve the efficiency of separation of a new type of mixer-settler applied to treat waste water contaminated with oil. An unity in scale of laboratory, was installed in the Post-graduation Program of Chemical Engineering of UFRN. It was constructed in partnership with Petrobras S.A. This called device Misturador-Decantador a Invers?o de Fases (MDIF) , possess features of conventional mixer-settler and spray column type. The equipment is composed of three main parts: mixing chamber; chamber of decantation and chamber of separation. The efficiency of separation is evaluated analyzing the oil concentrations in water in the feed and the output of the device. For the analysis one used the gravimetric method of oil and greases analysis (TOG). The system in study is a water of formation emulsified with oil. The used extractant is a mixture of Turpentine spirit hydro-carbons, supplied for Petrobras. It was applied, for otimization of the efficiency of separation of the equipment, an experimental planning of the composite central type, having as factorial portion fractionary factorial planning 2 5-2, with the magnifying of the type star and five replications in the central point. In this work, the following independents variables were studied: contents of oil in the feed of the device; volumetric ratio (O/A); total flowrate ; agitation in the mixing chamber and height of the organic bed. Minimum and maximum limits for the studied variables had been fixed according previous works. The analysis of variance for the equation of the empirical model, revealed statistically significant and useful results for predictions ends. The variance analysis also presented the distribution of the error as a normal distribution and was observed that as the dispersions do not depend on the levels of the factors, the independence assumption can be verified. The variation around the average is explained by 98.98%, or either, equal to the maximum value, being the smoothing of the model in relation to the experimental points of 0,98981. The results present a strong interaction between the variable oil contents in the feed and agitation in the mixing chamber, having great and positive influence in the separation efficiency. Another variable that presented a great positive influence was the height of the organic bed. The best results of separation efficiency had been obtained for high flowrates when associates the high oil concentrations and high agitation. The results of the present work had shown excellent agreement with the results carried out through previous works with the mixer-settler of phase inversion / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo otimizar a efici?ncia de separa??o de um novo aparelho do tipo misturador-decantador aplicado ao tratamento de ?guas residu?rias contaminadas com petr?leo. Foi utilizado um equipamento em escala de laborat?rio, instalado no Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Engenharia Qu?mica da UFRN, que foi constru?do em parceria com a Petrobras S.A. Este aparelho denominado Misturador-Decantador ? Invers?o de Fases (MDIF), possui caracter?sticas de um misturador-decantador convencional e de uma coluna tipo spray. O equipamento ? composto de tr?s partes principais: c?mara de mistura; c?mara de decanta??o e c?mara de separa??o. A efici?ncia de separa??o ? avaliada analisando-se as concentra??es de ?leo em ?gua na alimenta??o e na sa?da do aparelho. Para a an?lise utilizou-se o m?todo da an?lise de ?leo e graxas (TOG) por gravimetria. O sistema em estudo ? uma ?gua de forma??o emulsionada com ?leo. O extratante utilizado ? uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos denominada de Aguarr?s, fornecido pela Petrobras. Aplicou-se, para a otimiza??o da efici?ncia de separa??o do equipamento, um planejamento experimental do tipo central composto, tendo como por??o fatorial o planejamento fatorial fracion?rio 2 5-2, com a amplia??o do tipo estrela e cinco repeti??es no ponto central. Neste trabalho, estudam-se as seguintes vari?veis independentes: teor de ?leo na ?gua residu?ria de carga da coluna; rela??o volum?trica org?nico/aquoso (O/A); vaz?o efetiva total; agita??o na c?mara de mistura e altura do leito org?nico. Foram fixados limites m?nimos e m?ximos para as vari?veis estudadas de acordo com trabalhos realizados anteriormente. A an?lise de vari?ncia para a equa??o do modelo emp?rico, mostrou-se estatisticamente significante e ?til para fins preditivos. A an?lise de vari?ncia tamb?m apresentou a distribui??o do erro como uma distribui??o normal e observou-se que como as dispers?es n?o dependem dos n?veis dos fatores, a suposi??o de independ?ncia pode ser verificada. A varia??o em torno da m?dia ? explicada por 98,98%, ou seja, igual ao valor m?ximo explic?vel, sendo o ajuste do modelo em rela??o aos pontos experimentais de 0.98981. Os resultados apresentam uma intera??o muito forte entre as vari?veis teor de ?leo e agita??o na c?mara de mistura, tendo grande e positiva influ?ncia na efici?ncia de separa??o. Outra vari?vel que apresentou-se com grande e positiva influ?ncia foi a altura do leito org?nico. Os melhores resultados de efici?ncia de separa??o foram obtidos para altas vaz?es quando associadas a altas concentra??es de ?leo e alta agita??o. Os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho mostraram excelente concord?ncia com os resultados de trabalhos anteriores realizados com o misturador-decantador ? invers?o de fases

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