Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T18:45:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaBarrosDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2503846 bytes, checksum: 2247d4ef46af947a6abf96eacbada2b4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-15T17:53:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaBarrosDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2503846 bytes, checksum: 2247d4ef46af947a6abf96eacbada2b4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T17:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ElisangelaBarrosDantas_DISSERT.pdf: 2503846 bytes, checksum: 2247d4ef46af947a6abf96eacbada2b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / As ligas de n?quel s?o largamente utilizadas na produ??o de diversos materiais, sobretudo, aqueles que necessitam de resist?ncia mec?nica associada ? resist?ncia ? corros?o, como por exemplo, os a?os inoxid?veis. Outro uso do n?quel ? a produ??o de ligas sinterizadas a partir de p? de n?quel met?lico. Uma alternativa promissora ? produ??o de componentes sinterizados de n?quel com importante redu??o de custos do material de partida ? o emprego de misturas de p?s do tipo NiNiO. Este trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo da redu??o in situ de NiO durante a sinteriza??o de misturas Ni/NiO produzidas por metalurgia do p?. As misturas foram processadas pela t?cnica de metalurgia do p? e pr?-sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora de hidrog?nio. As amostras Ni+15%NiO, Ni+25%NiO e Ni+35%NiO foram estudadas e comparadas com amostras sinterizadas apenas a partir de Ni met?lico. Foram realizados ensaios dilatom?tricos para estudo das condi??es de sinteriza??o das misturas. O material consolidado foi analisado quanto ? sua microestrutura e microdureza. As curvas de dilatometria mostraram que a adi??o de ?xido de n?quel em todas as composi??es ativa a sinteriza??o das misturas estudadas. Nos testes de microdureza foram realizadas indenta??es em pontos distintos da superf?cie das amostras. Todas as composi??es apresentaram valores de microdureza pr?ximos ao do material consolidado a partir de n?quel met?lico. Contudo, as amostras contendo Ni+35%NiO, apresentaram grande dispers?o desses valores. A an?lise microestrutural do material mostrou uma maior concentra??o de vazios e presen?a de ?xidos residuais nas misturas da composi??o Ni+35%NiO. As amostras contendo Ni+15%NiO apresentaram caracter?sticas microestruturais e propriedades mec?nicas semelhantes ao n?quel met?lico consolidado sob as mesmas condi??es das composi??es estudadas neste trabalho e, portanto, apresentaram grande potencial para produ??o de ligas sinterizadas de n?quel / The nickel alloys are widely used in the production of various materials, especially those that require mechanical strength characteristics associated with resistance to corrosion, for example, the stainless steel. Another use is the production of nickel alloy sintered from powder of metallic nickel. A promising alternative for the production of sintered components of nickel with an important reduction in costs of starting material is the use of mixtures of powders of Ni-NiO. This work aimed to study in situ reduction of NiO during sintering mixtures of Ni / NiO produced by powder metallurgy. The nickel mixtures have been processed by the technique of powder metallurgy and were pre-sintered in an oven under plasma reducing atmosphere of hydrogen. Mixtures Ni +15%NiO, Ni +25%NiO and Ni +35%NiO were studied and compared with samples consisting only of metallic Ni. Dilatometric tests were performed to study the sintering conditions of the mixtures. The consolidated material was analyzed for their microstructure and microhardness. Dilatometry graphs showed that the addition of nickel oxide in all compositions the active sintering the mixtures studied. In tests of microhardness indentations were made at different points of the sample surface. All compositions showed microhardness values close to the consolidated material from metallic nickel. However, sample containing Ni+35% NiO, showed a large dispersion of the values of microhardness tests performed at different points of the sample surface. Microstructural analysis of the material showed a higher concentration of voids and the presence of oxides in the waste composition of the mixtures Ni 35% NiO. The samples containing Ni+15%NiO showed microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties similar to metallic nickel consolidated under the same conditions of the compositions studied in this work and therefore had great potential for production of sintered nickel alloys

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexsandraCC.pdf: 2480283 bytes, checksum: 5ee60db44e31addafb5e193c9292f73e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-10 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The cerium oxide has a high potential for use in removing pollutants after combustion, removal of organic matter in waste water and the fuel-cell technology. The nickel oxide is an attractive material due to its excellent chemical stability and their optical properties, electrical and magnetic. In this work, CeO2-NiO- systems on molars reasons 1:1(I), 1:2(II) e 1:3(III) metal-citric acid were synthesized using the Pechini method. We used techniques of TG / DTG and ATD to monitor the degradation process of organic matter to the formation of the oxide. By thermogravimetric analysis and applying the dynamic method proposed by Coats-Redfern, it was possible to study the reactions of thermal decomposition in order to propose the possible mechanism by which the reaction takes place, as well as the determination of kinetic parameters as activation energy, Ea, pre-exponential factor and parameters of activation. It was observed that both variables exert a significant influence on the formation of complex polymeric precursor. The model that best fitted the experimental data in the dynamic mode was R3, which consists of nuclear growth, which formed the nuclei grow to a continuous reaction interface, it proposes a spherical symmetry (order 2 / 3). The values of enthalpy of activation of the system showed that the reaction in the state of transition is exothermic. The variables of composition, together with the variable temperature of calcination were studied by different techniques such as XRD, IV and SEM. Also a study was conducted microstructure by the Rietveld method, the calculation routine was developed to run the package program FullProf Suite, and analyzed by pseudo-Voigt function. It was found that the molar ratio of variable metal-citric acid in the system CeO2-NiO (I), (II), (III) has strong influence on the microstructural properties, size of crystallites and microstrain network, and can be used to control these properties / O ?xido de c?rio tem um alto potencial em uso para remo??o de p?s poluentes de combust?o, remo??o de mat?rias org?nicas de ?guas residuais e na tecnologia de c?lulas a combust?vel. O ?xido de n?quel ? um material atraente devido a sua excelente estabilidade qu?mica, bem como suas propriedades ?pticas, el?tricas e magn?ticas. Neste trabalho, sistemas de CeO2-NiO nas raz?es molares 1:1(I), 1:2(II) e 1:3(III) metal-?cido c?trico foram sintetizados utilizando o m?todo Pechini. Foram utilizadas t?cnicas de TG / DTG e DTA para monitorar o processo de degrada??o da mat?ria org?nica at? a forma??o do ?xido. Atrav?s da an?lise termogravim?trica e aplicando-se o m?todo din?mico proposto por Coats-Redfern, foi poss?vel realizar estudos das rea??es de decomposi??o t?rmica com o intuito de propor o poss?vel mecanismo pelo qual a rea??o se processa, como tamb?m, a determina??o de par?metros cin?ticos como energia de ativa??o, Ea, fator pr?-exponencial e par?metros termodin?micos de ativa??o. Foi observado que ambas as vari?veis exercem grande influ?ncia na forma??o do complexo polim?rico precursor. O modelo que melhor ajustou-se aos dados experimentais no modo din?mico foi o R3, que consiste de crescimento nuclear, onde, os n?cleos formados crescem at? atingirem uma interface de rea??o cont?nua, este, prop?e uma simetria esf?rica (ordem 2/3). Os valores de entalpia de ativa??o do sistema evidenciaram que a rea??o no estado de transi??o ? exot?rmica. As vari?veis de composi??o, juntamente com a vari?vel temperatura de calcina??o foram estudadas por diferentes t?cnicas, tais como: DRX, IV e MEV. Tamb?m foi realizado um estudo microestrutural pelo m?todo de Rietveld, cuja rotina de c?lculo foi desenvolvida para ser executada no pacote do programa Fullprof Su?te, e analisada pela fun??o pseudo-Voigt. Verificou-se que a vari?vel raz?o molar metal-?cido c?trico no sistema CeO2-NiO (I),(II),(III) tem forte influ?ncia nas propriedades microestruturais, tamanho de cristalito e microdeforma??o de rede, e podem ser usados para controlar estas propriedades