The thesis examines the constitutional position of the Court of Session's supervisory jurisdiction. It begins by emphasising the methodological and substantive importance of the historicality and traditionality of law. It then provides a detailed historical account of the emergence of the Court's supervisory jurisdiction, from its inheritance of supervisory functions from emanations of the King's Council to the present-day law of judicial review. Throughout, emphasis is placed on the Court's strong sense of self-orientation in the wider legal and constitutional order, and the extent to which it defined its own supervisory jurisdiction. The court was a powerful constitutional actor and played a strong role in the increasing centralisation and systematisation of the legal order, expanding its supervisory purview through a powerful triumvirate of remedies (advocation, suspension and reduction) and a comprehensive approach to the supervision of a wide range of bodies. The thesis then frames tensions between Parliament and the Court in the context of judicial review of ouster clauses, chosen as a point of heightened inter-institutional tension. This is demonstrated to be an area in which divergent visions of the constitution are evident – Parliament regarding itself as entitled to oust the jurisdiction of the Court to judicially review, and the Court regarding itself as entitled to examine and pronounce on the extent of ouster, including its limitation or exclusion. In attempting to conciliate these divergent constitutional worldviews, the thesis rejects a “last word” approach which prevails in the English judicial review literature. It considers (and rejects), as alternatives, dialogue theories and functional departmentalism. The thesis then advances constitutional narratology as its preferred analytical framework for the accommodation of those inter-institutional tensions, and conciliation of their divergent worldviews. The Court's performance of a constitutional-narratological function facilitates the integration, conciliation and synthesis of legal norms with an existing law and legal system; weaves and coagulates multifarious legal norms into a unified and univocal body of norms; and executes a chronicling, expository and explanatory storytelling function which sets a legally-authoritative narrative to the law. In doing so, the Court performs a distinctive and indispensable constitutional function incapable of fulfilment by Parliament. It is argued that traditionality and functional necessity provide the legal-systemic legitimation for the Court's performance of the constitutional-narratological function. Finally, the thesis considers the institutional specificity of the function, concluding that it is the function, rather than the institution, that is indispensable. However, neither the advent of the Upper Tribunal nor the U.K. Supreme Court suggest at this stage that the Court's performance of that function is waning.

Flyktingmottagande och integration har under en längre tid ansetts fungera dåligt. Etableringen av nyanlända tog för lång tid och för få hade kontakt med arbetslivet. Det stod klart att en förändring var nödvändig. Det svenska flyktingmottagandet genomförde år 2010 en stor strukturomvandling eftersom delar av integrationen som handlar om arbetsmarknadsetablering flyttades från kommunerna till staten. Genom den nya etableringsreformen hoppas regeringen på att effektivt och snabbt kunna etablera nyanlända i arbets- och samhällslivet. Ändamålet är att uppnå egenförsörjning. Genom reformen fick kommunerna, Arbetsförmedlingen, länsstyrelserna, Försäkringskassan samt Migrationsverket nya eller ändrade ansvarsområden och samtidigt infördes en ny aktör, lotsen, vars syfte är att stödja och påskynda den nyanländes etablering. Trots att reformen genomfördes nyligen framgår det från vissa håll att det nya systemet brister på en del punkter.  Den nya etableringsreformen är ett omdiskuterat ämne. Meningsskiljeaktigheter råder beroende på vilken myndighet respektive individ som tillfrågas. För att få svar på om etableringsreformen är bra och huruvida den var nödvändig genomfördes en granskning med början i det gamla systemet till vad syftet med reformen är och hur det fungerar. För att inte enbart få den teoretiska delen av det nya systemet genomfördes intervjuer med Arbetsförmedlingen och kommunen samt granskningar av en del rapporter och utredningar för att få svar på hur det fungerar i praktiken. För att reformen ska ge goda resultat krävs att alla aktörer uppfyller sina uppgifter och tar sitt ansvar. Reformen har haft sina svårigheter men samtidigt bör det finnas i åtanken att den är tämligen ny. Det kommer ta tid tills systemet är integrerat. Samtidigt finns det en stor risk för att dominoeffekten uppstår i reformens rättssystem om det brister i ett av leden och då är vi tillbaka på ruta ett. / The reception of refugees and integrations have for a long period of time been considered to work poorly. The establishment of newly arrived didn’t go as fast as needed, and too few made contact with the working life.  It was clear that a change was necessary. The Swedish reception of refugees carried through with a big transformation of structure since parts of the integration considering labour-market establishment got moved from the local authorities to the Government. Throughout the new establishment reform the Government wishes to efficiently and quickly be able to establish newly arrived refugees into the working- and social life. The purpose is to achieve self-support. The reform contains new or changed areas of responsibilities for the municipality, the Employment Office, the county administrative board, the Swedish Social Insurance Agency and Swedish Migration Board. At the same time a new operator called “etableringslots” was introduced with the purpose of supporting and hastening the establishment of the newly arrived. Even though the reform was recently accomplished it is clear from certain sides that the new system fails on some certain parts. The new establishment reform is to this day a much discussed subject. Disagreements of opinions exist depending on which authority respectively individual that gets asked. A study got carried through, starting with the former system, to find out if the new establishment reform was good enough, if it was necessary and how it all works. Not only to get the theoretical part of the new system but to also get the practical part, interviews were made with the employment agency and the local authority. Closed examinations of some reports and investigations also occurred to get an answer of how it works when it is put into practice. All parties are required to fulfill their duties and their responsibilities so that the reforms result turns out well. The reform has had its difficulties but it should be kept in mind that it is fairly new and it will take some time for the system to get integrated. At the same time there is a great risk that the domino effect occurs in the legal reform if one of the trails fall and in that case we would be back at square one.

¡§Pawnbroking Industry¡¨ is an ancient industry in our country, its history has existed over one thousand year at least. Initially, pawnbroking industry began to develop from the temple. With the religious spirit of expressing humanitarianism, the temple used its principal to provide the poor with a method of loaning money. Nevertheless, as times goes by and a business characteristic of earning profits easily, the industry has gradually combined with usury behavior and transformed into another diverse sort of complex industry and fairly differ from the original concept of charity as well. As it¡¦s proclaimed in Article 8 of Constitution of the Republic of China that ¡§Financial institutions shall, in accordance with law, be subject to State control.¡¨ Even though, pawnbroking industry isn¡¦t a portion of financial institutions, it¡¦s still necessary to legally manage because the characteristic of making profit and the business model. Consequently, for the sake of achieving the above goal, our government established ¡§Pawnbroking Industry Management Directions¡¨ in 1940 to be in accordance with, and the directions have lasted for sixty years. Afterwards, to strengthen the lawful position and suit the demand of times change, ¡§Pawnbroking Industry Act¡¨ was legislated and declared officially in 2001, and the act became the significant legislation of pawnbroking industry management in our country. From then on, the official authority of pawnbroking industry management has been definitely empowered by the law, and been epochal significance in the history of pawnbroking industry management. The legal system of management is examined herein by the basic methods of administrative law, namely, the five major frameworks, including administrative principles, administrative organization, limitation of administrative power, administrative relief, and administrative supervision from every respect and viewpoint. Meanwhile, bibliography exploration, historical narration, comparative analysis, and practice observation are adopted as the principal research approaches to explore whether there¡¦s any improvement required regarding the legal system of pawnbroking industry management on the basis of five major frameworks of administrative law. Additionally, practical implementation and suggestions for regulations and actions concerning future pawnbroking industry management are hereby provided, which can be a reference for the police authorities in exercising their powers, establish the administrative standards of Taiwan according to law, and improving the legal appearance of our country under the rule of law.

Thesis (S.J.D)--University of Toronto, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2300. Includes bibliographical references.

Habilitation - Universität, Wien, 2006. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. [251]-259) and index.

Thesis--Universitetet i Lund, 1983. / ACQ MSG: E 49-140. Extra t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss.--Giessen. / Lebenslauf. "Literaturübersicht": p. [vi]-viii.

Thèse - Université de Paris. / "Bibliographie": p. 407-411.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Angabe der benutzten literatur": 3d preliminary leaf.

Thesis (LLD)-University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.