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For land-grant universities (LGUs) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), achieving food security is a longstanding and shared priority. International agricultural development is entangled in competing imaginaries and ideological underpinnings. The coordinated social movements of food sovereignty and agroecology seek to transform local and global food systems away from the dominant neoliberal paradigm. Using localized and participatory practices, agroecology seeks to develop self-reliant communities towards more just and equitable food systems. Similarly, the current policy framework of USAID advances "The Journey to Self-Reliance" (J2SR). Yet the discourse of self-reliance reflects varied discursive meanings. The first is an alternative imaginary to develop increased community autonomy, build social support structures, and protect ecologies. The second reflects neoliberal ideology articulating notions of individual responsibility and private sector leadership. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and focus groups, this research investigated how USAID's J2SR discourse is represented, how it affects agroecological opportunities, and subsequently the impact on land-grant university food security praxis. Analytically, CDA foregrounds discursive power by investigating how texts, interpretation, and action operate as a system to maintain or contest unequal power relations. I employed focus groups with land-grant international development scholar-practitioners as a form of critical praxis. My research illustrates how USAID's self-reliance definition reproduces neoliberalism as a dominant political-economic orientation through anti-welfare rhetoric and private sector leadership. Alongside this, the J2SR discourse also actively promotes local participation and leadership. Subsequently, I contend, the discourse presents opportunities for scientific agroecology but also limits agroecology's transformative potential. A critical finding is that among sampled land grant actors, agroecology reflects epistemic complexity and competing imaginaries. Moreover, I illustrate how participants' responses to the policy corpus largely accept the embedded neoliberal ideology, while also demonstrating how some actors can use creativity to directly fund local research institutions. I contend that the creative modification observed among these actors represents the potential for land grant actors to serve as change agents and to support the agroecology movement. This research contributes to understanding how USAID frames self-reliance within their policy and where opportunities lie to challenge power structures and advance justice within international agricultural development. / Doctor of Philosophy / For land-grant universities (LGUs) and the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), achieving food security is a longstanding and shared priority. Despite decades of commitment, food insecurity persists reflecting the complexity of the problem. Various visions exist for how food security can be achieved. The coordinated social movements of food sovereignty and agroecology are one such vision that looks to transform the global food system away from practices deemed harmful. A critical component of agroecology is to center local community participation towards developing self-reliant communities. The current policy framework of USAID advances "The Journey to Self-Reliance" (J2SR). Self-reliance, however, is a broad term with different meanings and uses. One definition of self-reliance seeks to develop local communities around increased autonomy, with support from the government to ensure basic needs, while also protecting the environment. The second self-reliance definition focuses on supporting individual responsibility and capacity to ensure basic needs alongside private sector growth. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and focus groups, this research sought to understand how USAID's J2SR is represented in a selection of policy texts, how this representation influences agroecological opportunities, and subsequently the impact on land-grant university food security efforts. Analytically, CDA centers power in policy texts by focusing on how the interpretations and actions of actors can support or challenge systems of inequity. I used focus groups to understand the reflections and actions of land grant actors involved in international development. My research illustrates how USAID's definition of self-reliance reflects an anti-welfare sentiment alongside a focus on private sector leadership. Moreover, the policy selections also emphasized local participation and leadership which could represent a marginal shift in development power dynamics. Subsequently, I argue the J2SR makes environmental agroecology more possible than one seeking social, cultural, and political change. A key finding is how the perceptions of agroecology among sampled land grant actors represent the complexity, and at times, competition of various disciplines, values, and beliefs. Finally, from land grant participants, I illustrate how their responses to the policy corpus largely accept the embedded neoliberal ideology, while also demonstrating how some actors use creativity to increase the participation of local research institutions. This creativity, I argue, represents the potential for land grant actors to serve as change agents and to support agroecology towards fostering greater food security, equity, and justice globally. This research contributes towards an understanding of how USAID defines self-reliance and where opportunities lie to challenge unequal power relations and advance justice within international agricultural development.

A produção de alimentos oriundos da sociobiodiversidade é uma área temática que envolve a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e a Agroecologia, pois compõem a busca pelo desenvolvimento socialmente justo, ambientalmente sustentável e economicamente viável. Nesse sentido, cabe destacar frutas nativas brasileiras, como o açaí Juçara (Euterpe edulis) e diferentes espécies de butiá como o Butia catarinenses (BC) e o Butia yatay (BY), na medida em que estes apresentam importância tanto nutricional quanto cultural. Pesquisas no intuito de identificar as características nutricionais destes alimentos, de comparar a propriedades químicas entre os diferentes produtos de frutas nativas disponíveis no mercado, de desenvolver tecnologias adequadas para qualificar a produção, bem como analisar a eficiência dos processos que visem garantir a estabilidade destes alimentos são fundamentais. Dessa forma, esta dissertação é o resultado da realização do Projeto de Extensão Monitoramento da Qualidade de Frutas Nativas, cujo desenvolvimento participativo permitiu a realização de pesquisas acadêmicas a partir de demandas produtivas elencadas por produtores e técnicos extensionistas. Ao todo foram realizados seis trabalhos de pesquisa, apresentados na forma de artigos. O primeiro artigo avaliou como as diferentes formas de processamento observadas em visitas técnicas podem influenciar nos parâmetros físico-químicos de polpas de BC. A partir da elaboração de polpas com ou sem o uso de água e utilizando dois tipos de peneira (uma com poros de 1 mm e outra com 1,5 mm) foi possível identificar a variação de rendimentos de extração entre 92,9% e 35,9%. No segundo trabalho foi realizada a comparação entre diferentes produtos de açaí disponíveis no mercado local. A partir dos resultados foi possível identificar diferenças químicas significativas entre os produtos, como a grande adição de açúcar e a presença de aditivos nos produtos ultraprocessados e também o maior teor de antocianinas na polpa de Juçara produzida de modo artesanal entre todos os oito produtos analisados. No terceiro trabalho foi avaliada a variação nutricional no processo de transformação da fruta para a polpa de BY. Os resultados sugerem que há variação nutricional significativa decorrente do processo de despolpa, pois houve redução de fibras alimentares (em 47,9%) bem como o aumento nas quantidades relativas de lipídios (84,8%). O quarto trabalho visou adaptar a tecnologia do copo Ford para padronizar a polpa de açaí Juçara, segundo a legislação, ao relacionar o tempo de escoamento das mesmas com o respectivo teor de sólidos totais. O método estudado apresentou significativa precisão na correlação entre os fatores analisados. No quinto trabalho foram correlacionados parâmetros reológicos aos teores de sólidos totais de seis amostras de polpas de açaí Juçara. O estudo sugere que há correlação direta (r=0,964) entre estes fatores, reforçando a hipótese de inferir a classificação da polpa a partir da sua viscosidade. O sexto trabalho buscou estudar a pasteurização dos sucos de butia. Foi identificado que as melhores condições ótimas de atividade enzimática da peroxidase (POD) de BC e BY, foram em pH 4,5 à 45 ºC. Neste artigo também foram determinados, para diferentes formulações de sucos, os binômios de tempo e temperatura de pasteurização adequados para a inativação da POD dos sucos de BC (80 ºC/1 minuto) e BY (80 ºC/10 minutos). Ao final deste conjunto de trabalhos, foi possível verificar a sinergia entre as ações de Pesquisa e de Extensão. Foi identificado que a aproximação entre produtores familiares ecologistas, setores de pesquisa de universidade, agentes de Estado e técnicos de extensão rural foi fundamental para a escolha dos problemas de pesquisa, na busca por melhorias e por soluções dos processos tecnológicos agroecológicos. / Food production from socio-biodiversity is a thematic area that involves Food Security, Food Safety and Agroecology, as they make up the search for socially just, environmentally sustainable and economically viable development. In this sense, Brazilian native fruits such as açaí Juçara (Euterpe edulis) and different butia’s species (such as Butia catarinenses, BC, and Butia yatay, BY) are important, since they have both nutritional and cultural importance. Thus, this dissertation is the result of the Extension’s Project Monitoring of the Quality of Native Fruits, whose participative development allowed the accomplishment of academic research from the productive demands listened by extensionists, producers and technicians. Research results were presented in the form of 6 scientific papers. The first article evaluated how different forms of processing observed in technical visits can influence the physical-chemical parameters of BC pulps. From the preparation of pulps with or without the use of water and using two types of sieve (1 mm and 1.5 mm pores) it was possible to identify the variation of extraction yields among 35.9% and 92.9% . In the second work the comparison between different açaí products available in the local market was carried out. From the results it was possible to identify significant chemical differences among the products, such as the great sugar addition and the presence of additives in the ultraprocessed products, as well as the higher content of anthocyanins in the açai Juçara’s pulp produced in an artisanal way among all eight products analyzed. In the third work the nutritional variation in the process of transformation of the fruit to the BY pulp was evaluated. The results suggest that there is significant nutritional variation in the pulp process, as there was a reduction of dietary fibers (47.9%) as well as an increase in the relative amounts of lipids (84.8%). The fourth work aimed to adapt the technology of the Ford cup viscometer to standardize the açaí Juçara’s pulp, according to the legislation, using a correlation between flow time and the respective total solids content of the pulp. The method studied showed a significant correlation between the analyzed factors. In the fifth work, rheological parameters were correlated to total solids contents of six samples of açai Juçara’s pulps. The study suggests that there is a direct correlation between these factors, reinforcing the hypothesis of inferring the classification of the pulp from its viscosity. The sixth work sought to study the pasteurization of butia juices. It was identified that the optimal conditions of peroxidase enzymatic activity (POD) of BC and BY, (pH 4.5 and 45ºC). In this paper, the pasteurization time and temperature pairs suitable for POD inactivation of BC juices (80 ° C / 0 minute) and BY (80 ° C / 10 minutes) were also determined for different juice formulations. At the end of this set of works, it was possible to verify the synergy between the actions of Research and Extension. It was identified that the rapprochement between family ecologist producers, university research sectors, State agents and rural extension technicians was fundamental for the choice of research problems, the search for improvements and solutions of agroecological technological processes.

Case studies from Cuba's Urban and Peri-Urban agriculture (UPA) revolution show that urban growing can fuel locally driven production of essential foods with minimal inputs, creating unprecedented opportunities for community food sovereignty. The fact that Cuba produces 60-70% of its vegetable needs on 25% of the land shows that the barriers that UPA faces are more sociopolitical than agronomic. As an agricultural hub with an abundance of rural land within close proximity of the city, the need for UPA in Burlington, VT may not be as readily apparent. When compared to nearby small vegetable growers through the lens of a typical agronomic analysis, UPA nearly always comes out at a disadvantage. Yet community gardens and urban growers are multiplying in the small city. Research suggests this boom is owed to numerous multi-functional benefits provided by community gardens, including the potential for UPA to allow communities who may otherwise have limited agency in food choice with an opportunity to access culturally preferenced produce. However, while extensive evidence identifies the social benefits of community gardens, these results remain disparate from the economic analyses that most often find their ways into the hands of decision makers. This research proposes a valuation metric called Crop Value Index (CVI), and uses it to evaluate which crops and management techniques best take advantage of limited urban space in Burlington community gardens. This tool ranks crops by their ability to save gardeners money or profit and by their perceived cultural value by the gardener, and combines the two to identify which crops are the most successful in producing overall value. Through demonstrating the high functionality of UPA in the production of certain crops, CVI contributes to findings that indicate that UPA may be better able to serve niche community food needs than commercial growers, while simultaneously providing urban growers with food security and creating food sovereignty and food justice.

Colombia occupies a prominent position among world coffee producers and exporters. The coffee sector has counted on the support of many institutions; however, this support was not sufficient to effectively face times of crisis for the past twenty years. Some farmers have therefore adopted new strategies such as the substitution or incorporation of new crops. The Caramanta Farmers Association implemented agroecological farms. This system has allowed farmers to diversify their activities and to obtain better trading conditions. This document aims to learn from the Caramanta experience and the comparisons of the conventional and the agroecological system of coffee crops. The research methodology combines bibliographical review and fieldwork. The first chapter introduces some theoretical frameworks on rural development. The second chapter starts the comparative exercise and describes the conventional system. The third chapter analyses the agroecological system. The concluding chapter highlights the importance of a territorial development strategy rather than a sectoral one.

Esse estudo pretende compreender as múltiplas formas de construção do conhecimento agroecológico (CCA), através da observação da interface entre Grupos de Agroecologia (GAs) e agricultores de base ecológica. A Agroecologia é entendida, neste trabalho, em suas dimensões práticas, teóricas e políticas – e, para, além disso, enquanto um campo estudado e vivido por uma miríade heterogênea de atores. Os GAs, por sua vez, são coletivos que se organizam para estudar, praticar e difundir a Agroecologia (muitas vezes, grupos de extensão universitária). Para este estudo, focou-se em GAs atuantes em Universidades Públicas do Rio de Janeiro/RJ; e, consequentemente, em agricultores que com estes interagissem. Partiu-se da Perspectiva Orientada ao Ator como base teórico-metodológica, buscando nela elementos que subsidiassem uma análise da construção do conhecimento que emana da confrontação, do compartilhamento e da negociação entre os diversos atores sociais e seus mundos de vida. Esta análise permitiu observar a centralidade dada às premissas da ciência moderna na produção/construção do conhecimento. Desta forma, problematizou-se, buscando propostas como a ecologia dos saberes, a hierarquia (aqui considerada artificial) estabelecida entre os saberes especializados ou científicos e os saberes práticos ou populares. Pôs-se em questão o papel da Universidade neste contexto, sobretudo no que tange às formas de desenvolvimento rural que preconiza e, portanto, ao espaço que dá as perspectivas agroecológicas em suas atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Conclui-se que, embora de forma ainda discreta e, por vezes, informal, a agência dos atores sociais (aqui notadamente os GAs e os agricultores) colabora para a superação do abismo criado entre demandas sociais e Universidade, fomentando o debate agroecológico e a valorização dos saberes dos agricultores. A análise das situações de interfaces entre os diversos atores (inclui-se aqui a complexidade de atores que envolve a Universidade) permitiu compreender que a CCA acontece em meio a disputas e visões diferenciadas acerca do desenvolvimento rural. Por outro lado, as interações entre estudantes e agricultores demonstram-se profícuas ao desenvolvimento de processos de aprendizagem diferenciados, fortalecendo a Agroecologia e propondo formas alternativas de construção do conhecimento dentro e fora dos muros da Universidade. / This study aims to understand the multiple ways of agroecological knowledge construction, by observing the interface between Agroecology Groups and ecological farmers. In this research, Agroecology is understood in its practical, theoretical and political dimensions - and, moreover, as a field studied and lived by a myriad of heterogeneous actors. The Agroecology Groups are groups that organize themselves to study, practice and propagate Agroecology (often groups of university extension). This study focuses on Agroecology Groups whose activities happen in Public Universities of Rio de Janeiro/RJ; and thus ecological farmers that interact with them. The research is grounded in the Actor Oriented Perspective as its theoretical and methodological basis. That perspective brings elements that give support for an analysis of the construction of knowledge that emanates from confrontation, sharing and negotiation between the various social actors and their life worlds. This analysis allowed us to observe the centrality given to the assumptions of modern science in the production/construction of knowledge. Thus, we seek to problematize the hierarchy (here considered artificial) established between specialized or scientific knowledge and practical or popular knowledge – exploring proposals such as the ecology of knowledges. In this context, the role of University is brought into question, especially in relation to the rural development’s patterns that it helps creating – therefore examining the space giving to agroecological perspectives. We conclude that, although in still germinal and sometimes informal ways, the agency of social actors (notably GAs and farmers) helps to overcome the gap created between social demands and the University by fostering the debate around agroecology and the recovery of farmers’ knowledge. The analysis of the interface situations between the different actors (this includes the complexity of actors involving University) allows us to understand that the agroecological knowledge construction happens in a context of disputation and differentiated views on rural development. Moreover, the interactions between students and farmers showed up fruitful to the development of differentiated learning processes, strengthening agroecological principles and proposing alternative ways of knowledge constructing inside and outside the gates of the University.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:38:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_6235_Poliana_dissertacao.pdf: 4917937 bytes, checksum: 2d42b1fa1a92b5679c7256181c482fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-26 / Considerando o desenvolvimento rural multifuncional com vista a uma produção agrícola que integre os âmbitos sociais, ambientais e territoriais, a escola em agricultura conhecida por agroecologia tem ganhado espaço tanto nas políticas públicas e na academia quanto entre os agricultores familiares, sobretudo, na América Latina. As práticas agroecologicas são apontadas como favorecedoras da manutenção da agrobiodiversidade, assim como esta é um elemento chave desta proposta. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em sistemas agroecologicos de agricultores familiares de três associações de produtores nos municípios de Boa Esperança (APAC), São Mateus (ACASAMA) e Iconha (Vero Sapore) no Espírito Santo, com objetivo de avaliar o potencial destas associações na manutenção da agrobiodiversidade através de levantamento de fruteiras e arbóreas cultivadas e de regeneração presentes nos sistemas. Para tal, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com todas as famílias definidas, em núcleos delimitados, para o diagnóstico socioeconômico, técnico-produtivo e das estratégias empregadas por família, sendo 21 no total, e por associação, assim como para modelagem em redes de circulação do material propagativo. Também foram realizadas coletas botânicas e arquivo fotográfico para identificação das espécies. Quanto às estratégias de reprodução socioeconômica as famílias das associações diferem, principalmente, com relação ao emprego da mão de obra, sendo a pluriatividade mais empregada pelas famílias da ACASAMA e as atividades para-agrícolas estão exclusivamente presente para as famílias da Vero Sapore, resultando em maior rendimento financeiro dos sistemas agroecológicos para estas. Os modelos de produção empregados também diferem entre as associações. As famílias da APAC optaram pelo Sistema de Produção Integrado (SAIPs), as famílias da ACASAMA pelos quintais agroflorestais e as da Vero Sapore pelo Sistema Agroflorestal Simultâneo e portanto para essa última a área aproveitada no uso do solo para os sistemas agroflorestais é maior do que nas demais. A riqueza em espécies foi significativamente maior para as propriedades da Vero Sapore e relaciona-se, significativamente, com a área utilizada para produção agroecologica. No total foram encontradas 152 espécies pertencentes a 46 famílias botânicas, sendo 52.29% destas fruteiras de alimentação e venda e 61.74% nativas e subespontâneas da Mata Atlântica. A dissimilaridade de espécies encontrada entre as propriedades refere-se, sobretudo, as espécies pertencentes às demais categorias que não são as fruteiras alimentares e comercializadas e observa-se um distanciamento do acervo da Vero Sapore para os demais com maior similaridade deste entre os agricultores. Através do Índice de Saliência observou-se que a escolha de espécies cultivadas não necessariamente está relacionada com a comercialização destas, estando também atrelada ao consumo e a manutenção dos sistemas agroecológicos. A maior parte das espécies foi adquirida por fontes externas, sendo que os projetos realizados por instituições não governamentais são fontes de aquisição importantes para as associações, embora haja diferenças entre essas. A APAC, como está em processo de consolidação dos SAIPs possui forte vínculo de aquisição com o projeto que os implementou, enquanto na ACASAMA existe um fluxo significativo dos materiais de plantio entre vizinhos e na Vero Sapore esse fluxo ocorre, principalmente, entre os membros da própria associação, o que indica que esta possui uma rede de interações menos vulnerável a perda de espécies, como também, explica a maior similaridade entre acervos. Portanto, os sistemas agroflorestais estudados apresentaram potencial para aporte de espécies nativas e manutenção da agrobiodiversidade, entretanto a Vero Sapore foi a associação que apresentou os melhores resultados tanto em termos conservacionistas quanto para reprodução socioeconômica das famílias, estando estes resultados atrelados as estratégias adotadas, sobretudo a escolha do modelo empregado, e ao aprofundamento metodológico acerca deste pelas famílias. Assim, infere-se que a implantação e o sucesso dos sistemas agroflorestais com vista ao desenvolvimento rural multifuncional passa pelo assessoramento técnico e extencionista que proporcione o fortalecimento das iniciativas e da organização dos agricultores e uma maior integração entre estas iniciativas. / Considering the multifunctional rural development with a view of integrating society, environment and territories, the agriculture school known as agroecology has gained ground both in public policy and academia and among farmers, especially in Latin America. The agroecological practices are seen as favoring the maintenance of agrobiodiversity, as well it is a key element of this proposal. This study was conducted in family agroecological systems of three producer associations in the cities of Boa Esperança (APAC), São Mateus (ACASAMA) and Iconha ("Vero Sapore") in Espírito Santo State, Brazil, to evaluate the potential of these associations in maintaining agrobiodiversity through a survey of fruit trees and tree crops and of the regeneration in these systems. For that, semistructured interviews were conducted with all families defined, in delimited cores, for the socioeconomic, technical-productive and strategies employed by each family diagnosis, of wich are 21 families in total, and by each association, as well as for modeling networks movement of nursery material. Botanical collections and photographic archive for species identification were also made. The socioeconomic reproductive strategies of families in the associations are different, especially with regard to employment of labor, being the pluriactivity most used by families of ACASAMA and the para-agricultural activities exclusively present on the families of "Vero Sapore", resulting in improved financial performance of agroecosystems for these. The production models also differ between associations. APAC’s families opted for Integrated Production System (SAIP's), ACASAMA’s families for agroforest homegardens and "Vero Sapore" for Simultaneous Agroforestry System and, so for, for this last association the ocuped area of land use in agroforestry is greater than in the others. The species richness was significantly higher for the properties of "Vero Sapore" and relates significantly to the area used for agroecological production. In total we found 152 species belonging to 46 botanical families, being 52,29% of fruit supply and sale and 52,66% % native of Atlantic Forest. The dissimilarity of species found between the properties refers, above all, to the species of the other categories that are not fruits for food and sale and there is a great distance of the collection of "Vero Sapore" to others with greater similarity between this farmers. Through Salience Index there was noted that the choice of farmed species is not necessarily related to the commercialization of these, being also linked to the consumption and maintenance of the agroecosystems. Most species was acquired from external sources, and the projects undertaken by non-governmental sources are important acquisition for associations, although there are differences between them. The APAC, as it is in the process of SAIP's consolidation, has strong bond of purchase with the project that implemented them, while in ACASAMA there is a significant flow of planting materials among neighbors, and in "Vero Sapore" this flow occurs mainly among members of the association itself, which indicates that this has a network of interactions that is less vulnerable to species loss, but also explains the greater similarity between farmers collections. Therefore, agroforestry systems studied showed potential for increase native species and maintain biodiversity, however, "Vero Sapore" was the association that showed the best results in conservationists terms and for socioeconomic reproduction of families, and these results are due to the strategies adopted, especially the choice of the used model and the methodological deepening by families about that. Thus, it appears that the implementation and success of agroforestry to multifunctional rural development passes through technical and extensionist advice that provides strengthening of the initiatives and of the organization of farmers and greater integration between these initiatives.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bertazzo_cj_dr_prud.pdf: 2608317 bytes, checksum: 533d208d2fd421b0b79ead5a0fcd05d8 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal desvelar o estado de arte da agricultura ecológica e da agricultura orgânica na região do COREDE Vale do Caí, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul e demonstrar suas viabilidades socioambiental e econômica. E, também, compreender os processos de transição ecológica vividos, analisar e mesurar as produções e, por fim, identificar as inserções de mercados para a produção orgânica regional. O desenvolvimento das agriculturas ecológicas na região teve seu início através da preocupação dos agricultores com o uso de agroquímicos e foi fomentada pelo debate com agrônomos ecologistas que trouxeram as fundamentações científicas para formação dos agricultores familiares que se interessaram por uma alternativa agrícola fora dos padrões da Revolução Verde. O campo mais fértil onde estas idéias se transformaram em ações foi em núcleos de citricultores descendentes... / This dissertation aim as its main goal to unveiling the state of art in ecological agriculture and organic agriculture in the COREDE Vale do Caí, in Rio Grande do Sul State and demonstrate their feasibility and socio-economic. As well as, understand the process of ecological transition experienced. In addition to this, this study seeks to analyze and measure the production and identify the room available in the market for the regional organic farming. Ecological agriculture in the region was developed by farmers due to their concern about agrochemical use and it was fed through debates with ecological agronomists who brought in the community the scientific foundations for the family farming people interested... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)