Functional neuroimaging research on language recovery in patients with aphasia due to left hemisphere damage has generated some intriguing results. However, it is still not clear what role the right hemisphere plays in supporting language functions in chronic phase for patients with different site and size of lesion when different tasks are used. The present study was aimed at exploring the role of perilesional, ipsilesional and contralesional regions in neural recovery in participants with aphasia with different site and size of lesion using three different language tasks. All patients in the present study were in the chronic stage who had achieved high levels of recovery. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to characterize cortical activation in eight stroke patients and eight age/gender matched controls during lexical decision, semantic judgment and picture naming. An event related design using jittered interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was employed to present the stimuli. The fMRI scans revealed differences in activation patterns across the three tasks. Normal control participants and participants with aphasia mainly activated the left perisylvian region during the lexical decision task and the semantic judgment task. However, during the picture naming task, all participants activated bilateral posterior regions irrespective of the site or size of lesion. Subsequent regions of interest analysis and laterality index analysis revealed that patients with larger lesions produced greater right hemisphere activation than patients with smaller lesions during the picture naming task. The results of this study demonstrate that recovery is task, lesion site and lesion size specific. Further, the findings of the present study indicate a role for both homologous contralesional cortex and perilesional and ipsilesional regions as efficient mechanisms for supporting language functions in chronic stroke patients. / text

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on April 28, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on April 28, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1951. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / Recovery from aphasia, loss of language following a cerebrovascular incident (stroke), is a complex process involving both left and right hemispheric regions. In our study, we analyzed the relationships between semantic processing behavioral data, lesion size and location, and functional signal change from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Our study included 14 persons with aphasia in the chronic stage of recovery (six or more months post stroke) who performed semantic processing tasks of determining whether a written semantic feature matched a picture or whether two written words were related. Region of interest (ROI) analysis revealed that left inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis and pars triangularis, despite significant damage, were the only regions to correlate with behavioral accuracy. Additionally, bilateral frontal regions including superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and anterior cingulate appear to serve as an assistive network in the case of damage to traditional language regions including inferior frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, and angular gyrus. Contralesional posterior regions including right middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and right angular gyrus are engaged in the case of complete damage to left hemisphere language regions. Additionally, right inferior frontal gyrus pars orbitalis is noted to be possibly serving a monitoring function. These results reinforce the importance of the left hemisphere in language processing in aphasia, as well as the nuanced relationships between lesion size, lesion location, and bilateral signal change in aphasia. / 2031-01-01

Orientador: Edwiges Maria Morato / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T06:16:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gandolfo_MonicaCristina_D.pdf: 458382 bytes, checksum: f7e19e618915bc06f1e7302bb238e714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é problematizar as classificações das afasias de duas maneiras: 1) analisando a vigência da semiologia neurolingüística e suas implicações práticas; 2) avaliando lugares institucionais de preservação e questionamento da classificação das afasias sendo eles: a academia e clínica. O objetivo é entender sua vigência, a despeito das refutações de várias ordens e de várias evidências empíricas que a questionam. Faz parte deste trabalho colocar em foco os limites e alcances do método clínico, em relação ao entendimento teórico e à conduta terapêutica no campo da afasiologia. Assim, tendo em vista o discurso destes dois ambientes, o da academia e o da prática clínica (o metadiscurso científico clínico sobre a classificação), verificamos como é que uma lingüística não estruturalista, ou pós-estruturalista, tem se comportado em relação a semiologia das afasias. Admitindo que a teoria sócio-cognitiva é a que vai de acordo com a concepção de linguagem que considera a relação da língua e sua exterioridade como um fenômeno em construção, as bases explicativas dos fenômenos lingüísticos mudam e, consequentemente, muda a maneira de fazer ciência, o movimento das teorias das idéias, como, também, o método científico utilizado para se chegar a uma classificação das afasias de modo que, fazer ciência passa a se fundamentar em outras bases / Abstract: This work addresses aphasia classification in two ways: 1) by analysing the neurolinguistic semiology and its practical implications; 2) by assessing the role of academic and clinical institutions in preserving and questioning such classification. The purpose is to understand its persistence in spite of many refutations and empirical observations that have raised doubts about it. This work focuses on the limits of clinical methodology, as regards the theoretical understanding and therapeutic practive in aphasiology / Doutorado / Doutor em Linguística

The purpose of the current investigation was to explore the effects of aphasia on working memory (WM) in bilingual adults. Available research supports the notion that there are strong positive correlations between WM capacity and language function in monolingual adults with aphasia and that aphasic adults' ability to comprehend language may be predicted by WM capacity. The relationship between WM capacity and auditory comprehension, as measured by the Token Test, was investigated in bilingual adults with and without aphasia. Additional areas of investigation included examination of the influence of aphasia on bilingualism and language proficiency as measured by differential performance in both languages on the Boston Naming Test (BNT); relationships between severity of aphasia, as measured by the Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT); and WM, as measured by listening span. Sixteen participants between the ages of 26 and 91 were included in this study (mean age for women was 61.3; men was 52.8; 37% of the sample population was male, 63% was female). Eight participants were non-aphasic bilingual adults, the remaining 8 participants were bilingual aphasic adults. Results of the study indicated that both groups yielded relatively equivalent findings for the two languages on WM measures. Highly significant and strong positive correlations were observed between WM and auditory comprehension for both groups in both languages. There were no significant differences between English and Spanish results relative to auditory comprehension in the group with aphasia. There was, however, more variability on the BNT for the group with aphasia. Moreover, a significant difference between English and Spanish on the BNT was observed for the non-aphasic group. Significant relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages; however, no significant differences were found between English and Spanish on the BAT. Nonetheless, moderate to strong positive linear relationships were observed between WM and aphasic severity (BAT) and strong positive relationships were found between language proficiency and aphasia severity for both languages for the group with aphasia. In conclusion, results suggest that the impact of bilingualism on WM for aphasic adults may be similar to what has been observed for monolingual aphasic individuals. Further research is needed relative to the nature of WM in bilingual adults with aphasia.