Thesis (doctoral)--Jāmiʻat Iskandarīyah, 1981. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 324-333).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1982. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-171).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat, 1990. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-247).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 134-145).

Standard Arabic exhibits 'that trace' effect in one instance in the extraction of the subject from an 'anna' clause while the extraction of the object and the subject of an 'an' clause may be extracted freely in the formation of WH-question. The extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause may not be extracted unless the extracted position is marked by a clitic on the complementizer 'anna'. If the clitic appears in place of the moved NP in an 'an' clause it renders the sentence ungrammatical. The adoption of the Government and Binding Framework, Chomsky (1981), (1982) and in particular Case Theory, Government theory and the Empty Category Principle (ECP) enable us to explain this distinct behaviour in the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause and show that the appearance of the clitic is predicted by the proposed analysis. It is argued that the clitic appears in the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause in order to properly govern the trace left by the extracted subject, and so as not to violate ECP. Since verbs are proper governors in SA, extraction of the subject of an 'an' clause must apply from a governed position. In fact this is exactly what our analysis predicts. Since 'an' is not a case assigner and since we are assuming that government and case are assigned only to the right, AGR and verb preposing are obligatory in an 'an' clause to assign case to the subject NP. Therefore extraction of the subject leaves a trace properly governed by the verb. In the extraction of the subject of an 'anna' clause on the other hand, since 'anna' is a case assigner and assigns a cusative case to its subject, AGR and verb preposing may not apply. Thus, the extraction of the subject leaves a trace which is not properly governed in violation of ECP, and the clitic must appear in order to properly govern the trace left by movement. / Arts, Faculty of / Linguistics, Department of / Graduate

In order to define clearly the subject of the essay which is The spoken Arabic of Syria, it is perhaps necessary to say a word about it. The thesis treats of the dialect spoken by all classes of people - the rich and the poor, the high & the low, the learned and the ignorant - both at home and in the street, & for all purposes, except the literary i.e. writing and lecturing. It is really the language of the masses, called [??], and therefore it is considered an unpardonable breach of literary etiquette to use it in modern periodicals, public addresses, or even in private correspondence. The object of this thesis is to show the contrast between the classical and the vulgar, to examine, classify & account for all the changes to phonetic, linguistic & grammatical as far as possible. As it is beyond the scope of this thesis to deal with the various dialects current in Syria, I have confined myself to that of Beirut and its neighbourhood. Beirut, besides being the most important town in Syria commercially, politically + ecclesiastically is the centre of intellectual activity with its three universities, numerous schools, 20 printing presses and 12 Arabic periodicals. Its language, therefore, may be considered the standard Syrian Arabic dialect.

No description available.

Several aspects of bilingual lexicography of English with Arabic are investigated in this study. Responses from 499 subjects to a questionnaire survey are analyzed in order to acquire information concerning a number of issues. Among these are the image of the English-Arabic dictionary as perceived by this population as well as the habits of dictionary use that prevail among the respondents. The historical development of this type of dictionary is outlined and the theoretical background to Arabic-English lexicography is surveyed. Some interesting characteristics of the investigated population of dictionary users emerge, e. g. the vast scale of dictionary ownership and the great degree of enthusiasm for dictionary use. After the Introduction In Chapter I, Chapter II provides the historical perspective of bilingual dictionaries of Arabic and English. Chapter III surveys the theoretical background to the study and presents the empirical methods used. Chapters IV and V provide a discussion of the data gained from the dictionary user survey. Chapter VI forms the conclusion to the study which includes some recommendations. Areas such as bilingual lexicography with Arabic as a source language, and Arabic monolingual lexicography were found to be in urgent need of further investigation.

No description available.

The present work is concerned with the influence of English grammar, syntax, idiom and style upon contemporary literary Arabic. Loan-words-which have been arabicized or directly adopted into Arabic have not been included in this study. The work is in two parts. Part I treats the historical background of the influence, the native attempts at resistance or adaptation, a historical survey of the standard Arabic (a definition of this is given later in this chapter), previous studies and observations in this field, and evaluation of the material used, which covers works (books) as well as the press. Biographical notes of the authors used in this work and their association with the patterns and examples quoted in Part II are included here. At the end of Part I there is a Questionnaire answered by three of the authors treated in this mark, namely Najib Mahfuz, Ahmed Zaki, and Jabra Ibrhim Jabri.