Growth in information and communication technology (ICT) is drastically changing the way businesses, especially in the service industries, are conducted. The financial services industry and banking in particular, is not excluded from this technology explosion. Internet banking, even though not new in advanced countries, is a new transaction channel being used by banks in some parts of Africa, especially Ghana, to offer various products and services to their customers. However, this medium has not been fully exploited by these banks as there are many hurdles the banks must triumph over. In deploying this technology and these systems, there are several factors which banks must take into consideration before fully deploying such a system to their customers, hence the motivation for this study. The absence of suitable and sufficient knowledge on this topic also exposes a “rhetoric versus reality” argument of whether the intention to adopt Internet banking is critical to the strategies and ultimate success of banks in Ghana. For banks to stay ahead of competition as well as to attract and maintain their clientele, it is of paramount importance to gather and link the perspectives of both clients and bank managers in order for banks to ensure that they perform according to the needs and expectations of their clients. In order to achieve the intended results, an empirical study was conducted by taking into consideration the viewpoints of both bank clients and bank managers in determining the factors that customers take into consideration before adopting the Internet banking medium. The primary aim of this study was to quantify significant relationships between the selected variables. Therefore the positivism research paradigm was used, while the phenomenological paradigm was employed for the measuring instruments. Because multiple sources of data were used, from the perspectives of banking clients and managers in Ghana, methodological triangulation was adopted for this study. The results of the empirical investigation showed that both groups (clients and managers) considered the variables of market share, technology acceptance, diffusion of innovation, organisational variables, organisational efficiency, and business strategy to have direct influence on the adoption of Internet banking. However, they differed in opinion concerning the degree of influence of these variables. The bank managers’ responses leaned more towards strong agreement with the importance of these variables than did those of the bank clients. Thus, for bank clients to readily adopt the Internet banking medium for their banking transactions, bank managers must take a closer look at these determinant factors described in the study. The study showed that the population group, educational and income levels exerted an influence on the perceptions clients have regarding Internet banking adoption factors. It was found that the higher the education and income levels of the clients, the easier it was for them to adopt Internet banking. Also, the male group dominated the use of the Internet banking. This is supported by the fact that there is a growing middle class in Ghana that falls within this category of banking clients.

by Choi Shu-sing, Caleb. / Bibliography: leaves 77-81 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

The fundamental aim of this thesis is to propose and examine a conceptual model that best explains the key factors influencing Jordanian customers' intentions and usage of SST banking channels: Internet banking, Mobile banking, and Telebanking.

The financial services sector is investing considerable sums of money into mobile banking services, but the uptake by customers has been low. The cost to benefit ratio of mobile banking is highly unsatisfactory when the costs of developing and managing the channel are considered. Many of the advantages of Internet banking are shared by mobile banking e.g. control and time saving. Mobile banking also offers higher convenience with the ability to carry out banking whenever and wherever you are. It is hoped that mobile banking can be as successful as Internet banking. A major factor in the low adoption of mobile banking is usability, and there is a need for research on the issues surrounding mobile banking as so far little has been conducted. This thesis seeks to investigate the usability issues surrounding Short Message Service (SMS) banking. It identifies three general functions of SMS in electronic banking: transactions, communication/CRM and security. Three empirical usability evaluations are presented that explored customers’ perceptions and attitudes of using these functions of SMS banking. The research presented here provides empirical evidence for the thesis that usability is a significant factor in the low customer adoption of SMS banking. It also shows that related to usability issues are customer concerns over the security of SMS as a banking channel. Older users will find SMS banking less usable than younger users and are more ambivalent regarding SMS in general. It recommends the most usable message input format to use in SMS banking and contributes insights on how best to realise the practical application of SMS banking and services. The findings from these studies will help improve usability in mobile banking services.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Texas unit commercial banking system in comparison with branch banking systems, limited area branching systems, and unit banking systems.

Ph.D. (Economics) / The object of this study was to examine the solvency standards of South African commercial banks on the basis of internationally accepted criteria, in order to determine whether these institutions maintain adequate capital resources to meet their liabilities at all times. The question of capital adequacy was approached from the point of view that the solvency of banks is subject to the influence of certain structural changes that are taking place in the Western banking system. These changes can be classified into four broad categories, viz. increasing government intervention in private banking; the formation of banking groups with a view to mobilising large resources of funds; the diversification of banking services; and a greater international alignment of Western banks. In the ever-changing banking environment, and given the risks to which banks are continually exposed, banks aim to maintain adequate solvency standards at all times without sacrificing too much liquidity and/or return on shareholders' funds. Because of the commercial banks' unique position as holders of the public's financial assets, as well as their ability to create money, they are subject to monetary control and strict prudential supervision. When a bank finds itself in the position that, after taking its own capital resources into account, it is unable to meet its liabilities because of these liabilities exceeding its assets, insolvency is almost unavoidable. To continue in business, the bank's capital should therefore be adequate not only to finance its infrastructure but also to absorb unforeseen losses.

PhD (Finance), School of Economic and Business Sciences, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, JOHANNESBURG 8th June, 2016 / This study examines the relationship between financial innovation and financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya, as well as the drivers of financial innovations at both firm and macro levels. The financial innovations covered are the branchless banking models, which represent a departure from the traditional branch-based banking. More specifically, the financial innovations covered are: Mobile banking, agency banking, internet banking and Automated Teller Machines (ATMs). The study uses 10-year panel (secondary) data for the period spanning year 2004 to 2013. The study conducts an empirical analysis of the four types of financial innovations using three econometric models. The models have been specified using Koyck distributed lag models and estimated using dynamic panel estimation with System Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The speed of adjustment of bank financial performance to financial innovation as well as the speed of adjustment of financial innovation to the financial innovation drivers has been tested using Koyck mean and median lags. The empirical results provide strong evidence of the link between financial innovations and bank financial performance with respect to Kenyan commercial banks. The study makes a number of other findings. Firstly, financial innovations significantly contribute to firm financial performance and that firm-specific factors are more important to the firm’s current financial performance than industry factors. Secondly, firm-specific variables significantly drive financial innovations at firm level with firm size being the most significant driver of financial innovation at firm level. The firm specific factors include firm size, transaction costs, agency costs, and technological infrastructure at firm level. Thirdly, macro level variables significantly drive financial innovation at firm level with regulation being the most important driver at macro level. The macro level drivers reviewed include: Regulation and taxes, incompleteness in financial markets, technological infrastructure at macro level and globalisation. Lastly, the existence of reverse causation between firm financial performance and firm financial innovation is established. The speed of adjustment of firm financial performance to financial innovation has been determined. The results show that it takes on average 1.179 years for bank financial performance to adjust to the four financial innovations studied. Secondly, it takes less than a year (0.368 years) to accomplish 50% of the total change in firm performance following a unit-sustained change in the financial innovations. Moreover, mobile banking has the shortest mean lag (2.849) while ATMs have the longest mean lag (4.926). Therefore, it takes approximately three years for mobile banking to adjust to financial innovation drivers at firm level and on average five years for ATMs to adjust to the financial innovation drivers. By and large, the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to macro level drivers is higher than the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to firm level drivers. This study has made significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the field of financial innovations. The study has developed an econometric model which captures four financial innovations in a single study and empirically used the model to test their link to firm financial performance. The second and third econometric models have also captured the drivers of financial innovations at firm and macro levels. The reviewed literature observes that previous studies have largely focused on financial products in developed countries at the expense of emerging financial innovations in developing countries. In addition, previous studies have also largely ignored empirical approaches to the study of financial innovations. This study has empirically established the link between financial innovations and firm performance by modelling the four innovations in single model in a developing country (Kenya) context. One of the major contributions of this study is the establishment of the speed of adjustment of firm performance to financial innovations and the speed of adjustment of financial innovations to financial innovation drivers at both firm and macro levels. Lastly, the study has developed an original conceptual financial innovation value model (Fig. 6.1), which will be used in future financial innovation studies. This study has a number of managerial and policy implications which have been reviewed in the study. / MT2017

Wu Kam-fu, Edmund. / Bibliography: leaf 81 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

by Tang Mi-ho. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1981. / Bibliography: leaves 90-92.

Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--The Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: l. 105-108.