Law / In this essay I consider whether or not there is a need for the creation of the crime of negligent assault. I start off by giving a brief exposition of the current position in South Africa with regard to assault. From this exposition it becomes clear that negligent assault is not recognised in South African law. I give a brief summary of the concepts of intention and negligence. After this I briefly discuss what criteria should be considered before invoking the criminal sanction. In the next section of the essay I consider the need for, and the benefits of, creating the crime of negligent assault. Lastly, I critically analyse whether the legislature should intervene or not. My conclusion is that the social benefits of criminalising the conduct do in fact outweigh the negative implications of not criminalising it, and that the legislature would not err if it were to create the crime of negligent assault. / LL.M.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:53Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_cas_me_botib.pdf: 511998 bytes, checksum: 5e94ff93dacab8655d750e9230a81ffe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / As desordens ansiosas e a depressão estão entre as doenças mais frequentes e que acometem o sistema nervoso central no mundo, e aparecem juntas em grande parte dos casos, o que pode ser ainda mais prejudicial ao paciente. Por isso, a pesquisa clínica e pré-clínica nessa área são a chave para a descoberta de um tratamento adequado. Na pesquisa pré-clínica, são utilizados protocolos que reúnem vários modelos comportamentais para refinar o estudo do comportamento animal, porém, há dúvidas de que possa existir interferência nos dados de um procedimento quando é utilizado o mesmo animal. Assim, o objetivo maior deste estudo é conhecer a possível interferência de procedimentos sucessivos no mesmo animal, de modo a se estabelecer uma bateria sequencial de procedimentos para a avaliação de atividade ansiolítica e antidepressiva. Foram utilizados camundongos suíços, os quais foram submetidos a exposições consecutivas a dois diferentes procedimentos experimentais, com intervalo de 30 minutos entre cada uma. Foram detectadas interferências decorrentes da pré-exposição a determinados procedimentos, das quais algumas foram solucionadas apenas com a inversão na ordem de exposição. Após a identificação dos procedimentos que não promoviam interferência sobre os parâmetros avaliados no procedimento posterior, foi estabelecida uma bateria sequencial, que possibilita a reutilização dos animais, otimizando o uso de substâncias e dos próprios animais / Anxiety disorders and depression, both ranked among the most frequent diseases, afflict the central nervous system. They are comorbid in most cases, which can thus be even more prejudicial to the patient. For this reason, pre-clinical and clinical research in this area constitutes the key to discovering an adequate treatment. Pre-clinical research utilizes protocols that combine several behavioral models to refine the study of animal behavior. However, doubts arise from possible interference in data from a procedure that utilizes the same animal. Thus, the primary objective of the present study is to ascertain the potential interference of successive procedures on the same animal, so as to establish a sequential battery of procedures to evaluate antidepressive and anxiolytic activity. Swiss mice were utilized and submitted to consecutive exposures to two different experimental procedures, separated from each other by a 30-minute interval. Interferences resulting from pre-exposure to determinate procedures were detected, some of which were resolved only by inverting the order of exposure. After the identification of procedures that did not interfere with parameters evaluated in a subsequent procedure, a sequential battery was established to enable the reutilization of animals, thus optimizing the use of substances and of the animals themselves

abstract: Li-ion batteries are being used on a large scale varying from consumer electronics to electric vehicles. The key to efficient use of batteries is implementing a well-developed battery management system. Also, there is an opportunity for research for improving the battery performance in terms of size and capacity. For all this it is imperative to develop Li-ion cell model that replicate the performance of a physical cell unit. This report discusses a dual polarization cell model and a battery management system implemented to control the operation of the battery. The Li-ion cell is modelled, and the performance is observed in PLECS environment. The main aspect of this report studies the viability of Li-ion battery application in Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in Modular multilevel converter (MMC). MMC-based BESS is a promising solution for grid-level battery energy storage to accelerate utilization and integration of intermittent renewable energy resources, i.e., solar and wind energy. When the battery units are directly integrated in submodules (SMs) without dc-dc interfaced converters, this configuration provides highest system efficiency and lowest cost. However, the lifetime of battery will be affected by the low-frequency components contained in arm currents, which has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper investigates impact of various low-frequency arm-current ripples on lifetime of Li-ion battery cells and evaluate performance of battery charging and discharging in an MMC-BESS without dc-dc interfaced converters. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018

abstract: As global energy demand has dramatically increased and traditional fossil fuels will be depleted in the foreseeable future, clean and unlimited renewable energies are recognized as the future global energy challenge solution. Today, the power grid in U.S. is building more and more renewable energies like wind and solar, while the electric power system faces new challenges from rapid growing percentage of wind and solar. Unlike combustion generators, intermittency and uncertainty are the inherent features of wind and solar. These features bring a big challenge to the stability of modern electric power grid, especially for a small scale power grid with wind and solar. In order to deal with the intermittency and uncertainty of wind and solar, energy storage systems are considered as one solution to mitigate the fluctuation of wind and solar by smoothing their power outputs. For many different types of energy storage systems, this thesis studied the operation of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in power systems and analyzed the benefits of the BESS. Unlike many researchers assuming fixed utilization patterns for BESS and calculating the benefits, this thesis found the BESS utilization patterns and benefits through an investment planning model. Furthermore, a cost is given for utilizing BESS and to find the best way of operating BESS rather than set an upper bound and a lower bound for BESS energy levels. Two planning models are proposed in this thesis and preliminary conclusions are derived from simulation results. This work is organized as below: chapter 1 briefly introduces the background of this research; chapter 2 gives an overview of previous related work in this area; the main work of this thesis is put in chapter 3 and chapter 4 contains the generic BESS model and the investment planning model; the following chapter 5 includes the simulation and results analysis of this research and chapter 6 provides the conclusions from chapter 5. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2014

No description available.

M.A. / Statistics obtained from both South Africa and the United States of America indicate that the phenomenon of violence amongst youths is increasing. Similarly, the number of adolescents being convicted of and detained for violent crimes such as assault is also on the increase. This implies that a larger number of youths are being exposed to the experience of violence and present with the complex and multi-dimensional effects of such an experience. Past research has centered mostly on the causative factors that can be statistically represented, with little focus being paid to the juveniles’ in-depth, subjective experience of the phenomenon. For the male adolescent, the experience of the phenomenon of violence is complex, diverse and may span across many aspects of his life, namely the physical, psychological, personal and social dimensions. In an attempt to address the shortcomings of past research, this study attempts to capture the unique experience of violence as it is experienced by the male juvenile who has been convicted of a violent crime, namely assault. The phenomenological approach to research has been specifically selected to enable the researcher to achieve this. Three participants were sourced from the Leeuwkop Juvenile Correctional Facility in Johannesburg and interviewed for the purpose of this study. The participants were selected according to their age (between 13 and 19 years of age) and type of crime that they had committed (either assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm, common assault or indecent assault). A biographical interview was first completed with each participant in order to obtain necessary background information. In staying with the phenomenological approach, openended interviews were used with the participants in order to allow for the participants’ unique and subjective experience of the phenomenon to emerge. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and non-verbal behaviour was included where appropriate. The transcripts comprise the raw data of this study and they were analysed within a phenomenological framework, which allowed for the natural themes of the phenomenon to emerge. Furthermore, the findings of the research were integrated and commonalities in themes were sought that would provide the essence of the phenomenon. In order to validate the findings of this research the themes were compared with the relevant literature. The phenomenon of violence would appear to be characterised by the juveniles’ experience of external events that would appear to provoke a certain response manifesting itself in violent behaviour. These responses were mostly emotional in nature and included emotions such as anger and rage and fury. Emotions were also elicited after the violent act had taken place and these were characterised by uncertainty, anger directed towards the self as well as fear. The use and misuse of substances such as alcohol and drugs would also appear to have been part of the experience of violence for the male offender. Furthermore, the experience of violence holds certain consequences for the male juvenile offender. The most common consequence experienced by all three participants was their subsequent arrest and incarceration in a Correctional Facility. A positive consequence of incarceration was that the offenders were exposed to social workers and psychologists that enabled them to learn coping mechanisms to contain any future violent thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The value of this research can be found in the above-mentioned motivation for such a study to be conducted. Very little literature exists on the subjective experience of violence for the male juvenile offender, as most of the literature available is quantitative in nature. Additionally, this study will add value to the limited amount of research available in South Africa.

The work described in this paper aims to test whether or not it is possible to power a system on energy harvested from vibrations and use that energy to measure how much it vibrates. The goal has been to produce a prototype system that uses that technique to discover damages on drones in an early stage. The reader will get to experience everything from design to testing of the system. The reader will also get an insight in which problems occurred during the project, how they have been handled and which conclusions have been made.The system could be applied in a variety of different situations to detect damages and which could prevent the damages from leading to severe problems. / Arbetet som beskrivs i denna rapport ämnar testa huruvida det är möjligt att driva ett system med alstrad energi från vibrationer och använda den energi för att mäta hur mycket det vibrerar. Målet har varit att ta fram ett prototypsystem som använder sig av tekniken för att upptäcka skador på drönare i ett tidigt stadie. Läsaren får uppleva allt från design av system till aktiva tester och får en inblick i vilka problem som uppstått under arbetet, hur de har bearbetats och vilka slutsatser som dragits.Systemet skulle kunna appliceras i många olika situationer för att upptäcka skador och skulle kunna förhindra att skadorna leder till allvarligare problem.

Reliable, low-cost energy storage solutions are needed to manage variability, pro-vide reliability, and reduce grid-infrastructure costs. Redox flow batteries (RFB) area grid-scale storage technology that has the potential to provide a range of services.Desirable characteristics are long cycle life, high efficiency, and high energy density.A key challenge for aqueous redox flow battery systems is thermal sensitivity. Oper-ating temperature impacts electrolyte viscosity, species solubility, reaction kinetics,and efficiency. Systems that avoid the need for active thermal management whileoperating over a wide temperature range are needed. A promising RFB chemistry isiron-vanadium because of the use of low-cost iron. This is an analysis of the thermalresponse of on Iron-Vanadium (Fe/V) RFB using a zero-dimensional electrothermalmodel. The model accounts for the reversible entropic heat of the electrochemicalreactions, irreversible heat due to overpotentials, and the heat transfer between thestack and environment. Performance is simulated using institutional load data forenvironmental conditions typical of Canadian jurisdictions. / Graduate

Objetivo: Adaptar y determinar la validez del test Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) para su aplicación virtual en adultos mayores peruanos. Diseño: El estudio será observacional de tipo instrumental (21). Donde se pretende determinar la adaptación y validez del Short Physical Performance Battery para su aplicación virtual en adultos mayores peruanos.

Thesis advisor: Udayan Mohanty / Thesis advisor: Dunwei Wang / With the fast development of society, the demand for batteries has been increasing dramatically over the years. To satisfy the ever-increasing demand for high energy density, different chemistries were explored. From the first-generation lead–acid batteries to the state-of-the-art LIBs (lithium ion batteries), the energy density has been improved from 40 to over 200 Wh kg⁻¹. However, the development of LIBs has approached the upper limit. Electrode materials based on insertion chemistry generally deliver a low capacity of no more than 400 mAh/g. To break the bottleneck of current battery technologies, new chemistries are needed. Moving from the intercalation chemistry to conversion chemistry is a trend. The conversion electrode materials feature much higher capacity than the conventional intercalation-type materials, especially for the O₂ cathode and Li metal anode. The combination of these two can bring about a ten-folds of energy density increase to the current LIBs. Moreover, to satisfy the safety requirements, either using non-flammable electrolytes to reduce the safety risk of Li metal anode or switch to dendrite-free Mg anode is a good strategy toward high energy density batteries. First, to enable the conversion-type O₂ cathode, a wood-derived, free-standing porous carbon electrode was demonstrated and successfully be applied as a cathode in Li-O₂ batteries. The spontaneously formed hierarchical porous structure exhibits good performance in facilitating the mass transport and hosting the discharge products of Li₂O₂. Heteroatom (N) doping further improves the catalytic activity of the carbon cathode with lower overpotential and higher capacity. Next, to solve the irreversible Li plating/stripping and safety issues related with Li metal anode, we introduced O₂ as additives to enable Li metal anode operation in non-flammable triethyl phosphate (TEP) electrolyte. The electrochemically induced chemical reaction between O₂- derived species and TEP solvent molecules facilitated the beneficial SEI components formation and effectively suppressed the TEP decomposition. The promise of safe TEP electrolyte was also demonstrated in Li-O₂ battery and Li-LFP battery. If we think beyond Li chemistries, Mg anode with dendrite-free property can be a promising candidate to further reduce the safety concerns while remaining the high energy density advantage. Toward the end of this thesis, we developed a thin film metal–organic framework (MOF) for selective Mg²⁺ transport to solve the incompatibility issues between the anode and the cathode chemistry for Mg batteries. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.