Problem - A new kind of companies was identified twenty years ago, the BornGlobals (BGs).Those companies tend to go abroad in a very early stage, sometimesright after their inception. Although the Western literature has showed much progressin studying this phenomenon and developing many theories, its Chinese counterparthas not been developed in the same degree. Meanwhile, due to the limitation ofliterature translation and different process of knowledge accumulation, the emergenceof the Chinese BGs raises many questions about its reasons, drive factors andformation mechanism. Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the new phenomenon of BGs inChinese firms, increase a better understanding of relevant theories, and investigate thekey factors of Chinese BGs' emergence. Design - The paper draws on previous studies on Western perspective of BGs. Inorder to be less influenced by Western theories, an inductive approach is used formultiple case study of two Chinese companies. Semi structured interviews wereconducted with the representative from each company through telephone and CMCinterviews. Findings - The main reason of Chinese BGs internationalize very early is to becomedeveloped and strong, so that they can re-enter their domestic market. Their truevision is to go abroad and begin to operate in a less hostile environment than the onein China. Education, prior knowledge, technology and networks were found to be ofsimilar great importance as in the western literature. On the other hand, their growth isalso facilitated by the low costs that exist in China. In the global market, they haveaccess to materials and human resources to allow them to have a competitiveadvantage. At the end, the model representing our findings is developed. Practical implications - This study provides the information on how the founders ofBGs think and act, and which traits characterize them and give a better view on whythese firms became BGs and how they will continue their expansion. As well as, helpmanagers to understand how Chinese BGs will proceed and let them be able to actproactively. Originality/value - The findings of study may develop the BG literature, especially inthe area of China, and confirm or challenge other existing theories. The paperconfirmed the western literature in many points, but also provided new informationabout the vision of these companies in China.

<p>The purpose of this paper is to explore the internationalization process of Chinese Born Global SMEs and attempt to reveal the uniqueness. Base on the literature review and former studies, in this paper the Born Global SME internationalization process is assumed to depend upon the firms’ entrepreneurs’ experience, background and network; Product characteristics; Degree of Internationalization; Environment and Globalization.</p><p>In the study, a qualitative study was conducted in order to generating the understanding why and how Chinese Born Global company internationalization. </p><p>More specifically, the problem was investigated by using cases study and conducting in-depth interviews of key employees in four case enterprises. The case companies were selected from a pool of respondents to a survey, all of which are located in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China and founded in 1990s.</p><p>After analyzing the empirical data and comparing them with theories, the result demonstrates that Born Global SME is extremely international, and their internationalization process is totally different from the traditional internationalization theories. </p><p>The main conclusion of the study is Born Global SMEs growing rapidly in China, however, Chinese Born Global SMEs still on initial stage, OME mode is a wide used mode to enter international market by Chinese Born Global SMEs, at the end, some recommendations was also given.</p>

The purpose of this paper is to explore the internationalization process of Chinese Born Global SMEs and attempt to reveal the uniqueness. Base on the literature review and former studies, in this paper the Born Global SME internationalization process is assumed to depend upon the firms’ entrepreneurs’ experience, background and network; Product characteristics; Degree of Internationalization; Environment and Globalization. In the study, a qualitative study was conducted in order to generating the understanding why and how Chinese Born Global company internationalization. More specifically, the problem was investigated by using cases study and conducting in-depth interviews of key employees in four case enterprises. The case companies were selected from a pool of respondents to a survey, all of which are located in Zhejiang Province, Eastern China and founded in 1990s. After analyzing the empirical data and comparing them with theories, the result demonstrates that Born Global SME is extremely international, and their internationalization process is totally different from the traditional internationalization theories. The main conclusion of the study is Born Global SMEs growing rapidly in China, however, Chinese Born Global SMEs still on initial stage, OME mode is a wide used mode to enter international market by Chinese Born Global SMEs, at the end, some recommendations was also given.

Purpose This study explores the internationalization pathway of the Born Global, The Company, when entering the Mexican market. Background Companies have recently started realizing the importance of “being green” for their customers. Market demand shifts towards more natural and renewable materials that can prevent damage and enhance the well-being of individuals and societies.  Therefore, the market for biodegradable materials is growing and is full of possibilities. Today, many additives suppliers operate globally. Born Global firms stand out with their approach to the internationalization process. It is interesting to find out the uniqueness of the Born Global firm’s internationalization pathway, their motivation and behavior. Method  Qualitative data was collected through two in-depth semi-structured interviews with two top management team members of The Company behind the case study. Before the two main interviews, 4 pre-interviews took place, which helped the authors to become familiar with the environment and operations of the company.  This data was complemented with secondary data obtained though literature reviews.   Conclusion The authors were able to find several gaps in the Integrative Model of Small Firms Internationalization, by Bell et al. (2003). Firstly, they found that not all Born Global firms have a Home market to return to. Secondly, it was clear that the model was too rigid in its segmentation of types of Born Global firms. According to the research done by the authors, a firm can act as both an innovator and adopter, as a “Knowledge-intensive” and “Knowledge-based” firm, and can target both a niche and a mass market simultaneously.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a major role in the development of the nation's economy by providing employment and creating the economic growth. The management of the companies that are going international considers different motives before taking the step into the international market. The internationalization process involves risks and uncertainty significantly effected by challenges and barriers to SMEs from developing countries.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los factores que fueron influyen en la internacionalización del emprendimiento temprano del Perú en el año 2015. Es un estudio no experimental, correlacional causal de nivel explicativo aplicado a una población conformada por 474 emprendedores de pymes en etapa de emprendimiento temprano de la base Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015 Perú. Se encuentra entre los factores que se relacionan positivamente con la internacionalización dentro de los factores internos: producto innovador y expectativa de crecimiento; dentro de los factores de mercado y entorno: expansión de mercado sin tecnología; Factores del emprendedor: nivel educativo y actitud al riesgo. Una vez que se han encontrado factores que se relacionan positivamente con las pymes con exportaciones mayores al 25% (Born Global): factores internos: poca competencia; Factores del entorno o mercado: expansión con tecnología; Factores del emprendedor: edad. / The objective of the study was to determine the factors that were influencing the internationalization of early entrepreneurship in Peru in 2015. It is a non-experimental causal correlation study of an explanatory level applied to a population made up of 474 entrepreneurs of SMEs in the early stage of entrepreneurship. of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015 base in Peru. It is among the factors that are positively related to internationalization within internal factors: innovative product and expectation of growth; within the market and environment factors: market expansion without technology; Factors of the entrepreneur: educational level and attitude to risk. Once we have found factors that are positively related to SMEs with exports greater than 25% (Born Global): internal factors: little competition; Factors of the environment or market: expansion with technology; Factors of the entrepreneur: age. / Tesis

This study strives to investigate why some small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from Northeast Italy internationalize at inception and some internationalize gradually. The main literature regarding both, Born Globals and Stage-Models, were reviewed. In face of a high degree of fragmentation in the Born Global literature the study was developed through an abductive logic of reasoning. This basically means that we started by clustering already accepted internal and external factors, working then, towards a unified explanation. A qualitative study was developed with four SMEs. The main results show that no factor can singularly drive a company to internationalize at inception. Instead, the interaction of internal and external factors determines how SMEs internationalize. The findings provide empirical insights on the internationalization behavior of SMEs and redress the apparent theoretical gap in this field.

The traditional internationalization theories suggest that the process of going international is gradual. Recent theories about “born global” firms state they internationalize from the day they are founded or shortly thereafter. TAT (The Astonishing Tribe) is a small but growing Swedish software technology and design company and a “born global” company. TAT has a small number of very large companies as their customers, which could be unsafe if they were to lose one of these important clients. The strategic states model show the need for different combination of competitive edges and presents optimum strategies to reach high performance. To move to a more desirable state in the model the theory of customer capitalism is suggested in this thesis. The theory is supposed to make the customer “lock on” to a corporation for a win-win long term relationship. Two aspects of the theory that are more distinguished than the four others has been identified, these being relationship and developer.

<p>The traditional internationalization theories suggest that the process of going international is gradual. Recent theories about “born global” firms state they internationalize from the day they are founded or shortly thereafter. TAT (The Astonishing Tribe) is a small but growing Swedish software technology and design company and a “born global” company. TAT has a small number of very large companies as their customers, which could be unsafe if they were to lose one of these important clients.</p><p>The strategic states model show the need for different combination of competitive edges and presents optimum strategies to reach high performance. To move to a more desirable state in the model the theory of customer capitalism is suggested in this thesis. The theory is supposed to make the customer “lock on” to a corporation for a win-win long term relationship. Two aspects of the theory that are more distinguished than the four others has been identified, these being relationship and developer.</p>

Internationalization is a key concept in today’s globalized world. Globalization has brought about a major shift in the way firms internationalize. Previously, large firms were thought to follow an incremental internationalization process. However, as a result of the rise of international new ventures, the internationalization process has seen a dramatic shift in the internationalization process of firms. Firms no longer follow the traditional models of internationalization. Instead, there are three general phases an international new venture may pass through which are identified by Leonidou and Katsikeas (1996, p. 524): namely: pre-engagement, initial, and advanced.   The change in the internationalization process of firms has led firms access networks to internationalize. The use of networks have been shown to help international new ventures to skip the traditional phases of internationalization  and expand rapidly by linking themselves to established networks (Coviello &amp; Munro, 1995, p. 53). Participation in networks, among other benefits, includes acquiring the necessary knowledge for international operations.   Several important network forms have been identified by different authors. This raises the question what effect these network forms have at the phases of the internationalization process. Three major networks were identified, namely, social, business and intermediaries where each form has its own benefits in the internationalization process of an Small-to-Medium-Size Enterprise (SME). The forms of networks are often described as positive drivers for internationalization. We, however, think that there might also be negative aspects concerning the use of network for internationalization. This study sets out to find what the benefits of each form of network is and also how the networks are used in the internationalization process of an SME. We take into account the perspective of the entrepreneurs as to how they perceive network forms affecting SMEs’ performance at each phase of the internationalization process.  Along with that, we also aim to find out how the forms of networks interact with each other and how they evolve from one network to the other.   We use qualitative methods, in our study, by interviewing six SMEs located in northern Sweden. Multiple case studies were developed, in order to analyse the collected data from the semi-structured interviews. The collected data was transcribed and categorized in order to find the phases of internationalization, benefits of networks, interaction between networks and the negative aspects of networks. It was then analysed using the three predefined forms of networks: social, business and intermediaries.   The findings of the study show that business networks were the most widely used network form throughout the phases of the internationalization process. Social networks and intermediaries were used equally. However, social networks had a greater influence than intermediaries. Our research also identified three phases in the internationalization process. Networks were found to influence each other at all the phases of internationalization and therefore cannot be seperated from each other.