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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Strategic Marketing Johannesburg, April 2016 / The study hypothesized a relationship between the dependent variable, consumers’ intention not to purchase, with four independent constructs, namely, health concerns, perceived price, restricted availability and subjective norms, as de-marketing indicators. The study targeted just over two hundred consumers, aged eighteen and above, who had consumed alcohol in the last seven days, in the greater Gaborone area. The respondents were chosen using random simple sampling and quota sampling. Because of this and the fact that the greater Gaborone area makes up about fifty percent of alcohol sales, the results of the quantitative study are reasonably representative. The data was collected using structured questionnaire. The hypotheses and models were tested, and structural equation modelling performed, using SPSS and AMOS software. The study aims to address the gap of body of knowledge on alcohol policy in Botswana and other developing countries. The undertaken literature review revealed that it is only the developed countries that have implemented and evaluated their policies. The developing countries recently followed suit because their economic growth has increased consumers’ buying power and appetite for aspirational brands. The liquor industry’s advertising, promotion and sponsorships grew consumption significantly, along with socio-economic costs, such as absenteeism, alcohol abuse, car accidents, alcohol-related diseases, and the spread of HIV. Botswana’s alcohol policy has been in effect since 2011, under the Ministry of Health. Among others, legislature was revised, government imposed a tax, liquor trading days and hours amended, health-related alcohol public campaigns rolled out, and the legal blood alcohol level lowered. The study has found that the four independent constructs all influence consumer’s intention not to purchase. The biggest opportunity revealed is the effect of subjective norms, which should be exploited going forward. It is hoped by the researcher that this study, not only adds to the body of knowledge, but stimulates more research on the same. / MT2017

This research report was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Building) in Project Management to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, School of Construction Economics and Management at the University of the Witwatersrand , 2017 / Problem Statement: Organisational culture determines employee remuneration, opportunities for promotion, interaction between employees and their job in general. It has a potential to affect the degree to which employees are satisfied with their jobs. If the impact is negative, this will create a problem of low employee morale, reduced performance, and hence low production levels. If this effect is positive, this may boost the morale of employees and increase performance and production. It is, therefore, important to understand the relationship between organisational culture and employee job satisfaction to maximize the benefits and reduce the negative impact. Purpose: The aim of this research was to find out if the prevailing organisational culture has an influence on employee job satisfaction with specific reference to the Botswana construction industry. The objectives of the research were to establish the prevailing and preferred organisational cultures, establish employee job satisfaction, and determine the relationship between organisational culture and employee job satisfaction. Methodology: Focusing on the Botswana construction industry and using a cross sectional study, two concurrent surveys were conducted to collect quantitative data for organisational culture and employee job satisfaction from three construction organisations selected to represent small, medium, and large organisations. Findings: The prevailing organisational culture in all the three organisations was found to be the market culture. The clan culture was found to be the preferred organisational culture in two of the organisations (the medium and large). The hierarchy culture was found to be the preferred organisational culture in the small organisation. Despite employees preferring different cultures (clan and hierarchy) to the prevailing culture (market), employees were generally satisfied with their current jobs, suggesting that there might be no relationship between organisational culture and employee job satisfaction and pointing to the possible existence of a third variable. Implications: The market culture which was found to be prevailing in all the three organisations is characterised by aggressive competition and a focus on winning a share of the market. This indicated that the construction industry was reacting to the current harsh economic conditions by adopting an aggressive survival strategy. By rejecting the prevailing market culture, employees might have felt neglected since the market culture does not focus on employees. Employees remained satisfied with their current jobs despite rejecting the prevailing organisational culture and this might be an indication that jobs are not available leaving employees with no option but to like the only jobs which they have. / MT2018

Ph.D., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2000

Thesis (M.Sc.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Science, 1993.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Civil Military Relations))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2004. / Thesis advisor(s): Letitia Lawson. Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-68). Also available online.

Donkeys (Equus assinus) are active agents in human development and wellbeing. They provide an affordable and accessible means of draught power, food, and transport for many Batswana, in particular for smallholder farmers. Yet despite these contributions to people’s livelihoods, donkeys remain marginalized within Batswana ideological, political, economic, and societal structures, as well as within policy-making and planning mechanisms. This research argues in favour of the intrinsic value of donkeys and examines their welfare and position in relation to their material and symbolic roles in shaping human lives in Batswana society. Through a mixed social and animal welfare science methodology, the research explored the ways human use, care for, and value donkeys and how human positioning potentially impacts the donkeys’ welfare. Donkey welfare assessments were performed to measure their physical and emotional welfare to assess if donkey welfare is a function of human positioning in Batswana society. We cannot understand human affairs, wellbeing, and relations without recognizing the ways in which animals are entangled in and affected by social and cultural practices. This research draws on animal geography theory and the idea of positionality to understand how people’s co-habitation with donkeys affects the donkeys’ welfare. This research contributes scholarly insights on animal-human relations, animal welfare studies, and will inform relevant government livestock programming and planning in Botswana. / Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada;Guelph Graduate Studies;Arthur D. Latronell

This study examined the role of family literacy practices in children’s development of literacy skills in Botswana. The study addressed one main research question and seven sub-questions. The main research question was “how do parents promote early literacy development of children?” Purposive sampling was used to obtain the sample for the study and fourteen parents of the University of Botswana Child Development Laboratory participated in the study. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with the participants, and questionnaire for data collection. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed in line with the phenomenological approach. The findings indicated that parents of the University of Botswana Child Development Laboratory owned and used various literacy materials and resources to enhance their children’s literacy skills development. It also became apparent that the parents engaged various unstructured activities to enhance children’s literacy development in their homes. Furthermore, the study identified time constraint as a major challenge that parents faced. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

For a pre-cast concrete manufacturing company to obtain a Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) certification time, money and effort have to be spent and yet it is not known whether the consumers will use the BOBS certification as a buying decision factor. The Botswana Bureau of Standards certified pre-cast concrete manufacturing companies have to comply with rigorous inspections to ensure that standards are maintained. Competition in the concrete manufacturing industry is contested by certified companies and uncertified companies and yet the market is shared amongst these players. This dissertation will endeavour to analysis the effects of Botswana Bureau of Standards certification on buyer decision on pre-cast concrete products in Gaborone Botswana. Therefore, the research findings will establish whether BOBS certification can be used as marketing tool. A sample of forty was drawn from the population in Gaborone to represent the whole of Botswana. Date was collected using both semi-structured and structured questionnaires. Responses were sorted according to similarities and then interpreted. Results in this research indicated that BOB certification influences concrete consumers' decisions. It was also indicated that BOB certification is actually a marketing tool that sways positively concrete products buyers' decisions. Therefore, it was recommended that concrete manufacturers should exploit this marketing tool to gain a larger market share. Those concrete products manufacturers whose products are not certified should consider this marketing tool in their marketing strategy in order to remain competitive. BOBS must also launch a massive public awareness to popularise the use of the certification by the manufacturers. Lastly, It is recommended that the Botswana Government must continue supporting BOBS to improve quality standards in the country. / (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005

This study investigated teachers' perceptions of subjects and career choices of male and female students in relation to gender in six selected schools in Botswana. The study aims to raise awareness about a number of aspects that need to be considered in order to produce plans leading to the achievement of gender equality in education. Such perceptions needs to be investigated because students' choices of certain subjects, careers and academic performance are to some extent determined by teachers' perceptions of gender based opportunities. A total of 36 respondents, (males n=16 and females n=20) participated in this study. To carry out this study, the design Used was a survey and data was collected using questionnaires in sampled schools. In presenting data, percentages were used to determine what teachers perceive to be the chances of success of male and female students. Graphs, tables and figures were also used in the presentation and analysis of data. The results show that the school system plays a significant role in creating and maintaining gender differences. It was found that teachers recommended scientific and technical related subjects and occupations to male students while humanities and domestic related subjects are recommended to female students. Gender biased teaching style and textbooks were found to be the main influential factors in teachers' perceptions. Most of the respondents were generally not satisfied with the teacher training on .gender issues. The goal of better serving the students does not entail neglecting or suppressing the other gender. By putting boys and girls on equal 'plain' the gender stereotypes may be counteracted and eliminated, so education may begin to be more gender balanced. Most importantly boys and girls must be equipped with skills that will help them pursue their potential regardless of their gender. / Thesis (M.Ed. (Guidance and Counselling) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2005