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This thesis describes the prevalence, determinants and dynamics of intergenerational sexual relationships in urban Botswana. The study was conducted in three stages, the survey, in-depth interviews and radio talk-back. The survey was conducted with schoolgirls in all four public senior secondary schools in Gaborone, Botswana. The survey was completed first before proceeding to the other two stages. However, the last two stages were done concurrently. A quantitative survey was conducted with 600 schoolgirls (18-22-year-olds) in order to establish their sexual practices, find out the prevalence of intergenerational sexual relationships among them and find out their perceptions regarding intergenerational sexual relationships. More than three-quarters of the participants had boyfriends in their age group and about one-quarter of those who were approached by older men had older boyfriends. The results revealed the practice of multiple sexual partners both in intragenerational and intergenerational sexual relationships. The issue of multiple sexual partners has been identified to be one of the factors that fuel STI/HIV infections. Girls who were in intergenerational sexual relationships have positive perceptions and attitudes towards them. However, the majority of the girls did not perceive such relationships as good. They associated them with the danger of engaging in unprotected sex and thus a greater risk of contracting STI/HIV.

Zugl.: Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2006

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-107).

The Shoshong-Makhware area, which covers approximately 1200 square miles west of the Mahalapye-Palapye rail track in Latitude 23°s, and longitude 26.5°w, contains several tholeiitic intrusions. These are probably differentiates of subterraneous magma body, which was roughly contemporary with the Bushveld Igneous Complex in the Union. The present author first visited the area in July 1957 and subsequently spent four months remapping and collecting the necessary material for a more detailed laboratory study. Mapping was done with the aid of aerial photographs, and where those were not available, resort was made to triangulation survey methods, using a prismatic compass. Inclinations of joints, faults and bedding planed were determined with the aid of a Brunton Compass. The laboratory work was carried out in both Department of Geology in the University of St Andrews, and also at the University of Cape Town. Particular attention was paid to the petrology, mineralogy and chemistry of the intrusive. A description of the techniques applied is given.

This study explores the Child-to-Child approach to health education. Child-to-Child claims that children can be effective promoters of health. The thesis provides an analysis and criticism of Child-to-Child, comparing theory with practice in the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana. It examines how Child-to-Child has sought to keep abreast of new thinking and to respond to experience and considers the extent to which its ideas have been implemented. It explores whether primary school children can be effective health educators and seeks to identify factors enabling or inhibiting their effectiveness. Research questions are focused in three main areas. First, what is meant by the Child-to-Child approach to health education? What does Child-to- Child mean theoretically? To what extent has current thinking departed from the original conceptualization of the approach? What does Child-to-Child mean to the practitioners of the Little Teacher Programme in Botswana and how successfully have they applied its ideas and methods? Second, how effective can children be as health educators using the Child-to-Child approach? A field study of the Little Teacher Programme is included to test the hypothesis that child educators can raise the knowledge level of preschool children and that performing their role can increase their own knowledge level. An extension of the main field study addresses a further question, what is the influence of the poor urban environment and of ethnicity on the effectiveness of children as health educators? Third, how can children be effective health educators and what factors enable or impede their effectiveness? The study considers how social, cultural and environmental factors may influence health behaviours. The study concludes that children can be effective health educators at the level of knowledge change but raises serious questions about the failure of Child-to-Child to take account of traditional resistance to some of its central ideas.

The management concept of Employee Value Proposition (EVP), which details the value and benefits employees derive from being members of the organisation, has been widely touted in literature as a determinant of work engagement and retention. The growing body of Positive Organisational Behaviour (POB) acknowledges the importance of these concepts, particularly in the service industry where engagement and retention are critical for good customer relationships. The research followed a quantitative and non-experimental approach by using primary data as the unit of analysis. Using a self-report electronic questionnaire, relationships between EVP, WE and Turnover Intentions were determined from a sample of (N=259) consisting of supervisor to management level employees in commercial banks across Botswana. The adopted composite questionnaire has been validated for the South African sample and proved to have high reliability. The individual instruments have been used in different industries as well as professions and showed no inherent bias. The results showed some important relationships between EVP, WE and Turnover Intentions. Specifically, EVP fulfilment revealed a substantive positive relationship with Work Engagement whereas another substantial relationship exists between engagement and Turnover Intention. While a definitive but small relationship exists between EVP and Turnover Intention, it was recommended that the organisation that participated can buffer turnover intention through leveraging engagement levels, especially the dedication dimension of engagement as it has found to be the prerequisite for vigor and absorption dimensions of engagement.

The primary object of the study was to determine the effect foreign aid in the form of grants, loans and direct investment has had on the economy of Botswana since 1980, and also to identify specific sectors within the economy that received foreign aid in the form of grants, loans and direct investment and how they compare with those sectors which did not receive the same. It has been the conclusion of this study that foreign aid in the form of grants, loans and direct investment played a very important role in the economic development of Botswana since 1980. Initially the role played by British aid from the early 1960s until 1972-73, with capital, recurrent and technical assistance support, when little other assistance was available, was vitally important since it enabled Botswana to lay the foundations for future development. Many of the features that attracted later donors are directly traceable to this period. The financing of the copper-nickel complex at Selebi-Phikwe by a consortium of donors under the co-ordination of the World Bank was also crucial. It must, however, been diversified. be pointed out that the economy has not In 1990, half the GDP emanated from mining; manufacturing's share has actually halved since 1966, while agriculture's languishes at only 3%. There is a massive task of diversification ahead which must succeed if an unemployment ctisis is to be avoided. Even if Botswana can sustain the sound policies that served it so well in the 1980s, continued success is far from certain. / Dissertation (MAdmin)--University of Pretoria, 1993. / gm2014 / School of Public Management and Administration / Unrestricted

M.Tech. / The recent increase in demand for radiotherapy services has led to significant delays in commencement of radical radiation treatment in most centres. Radiobiological principles suggest that a delay in starting radiotherapy may have a negative impact on tumour local control. To cope with the growing demand for radiotherapy, modern improvement models need to be accepted and adapted in radiotherapy departments. The PLAN DO STUDY ACT (PDSA) model is an example of such an improvement model which explores new possibilities of improvement through experimentation. This study aimed to determine the causes of radiotherapy delays, and to develop and implement improvements for reducing radiotherapy delays from patients’ referral to a radiotherapy department to the start of radiotherapy at Gaborone Oncology in Botswana. The objectives were to determine the causes of radiotherapy delays, develop and implement improvements of reducing radiotherapy delays using the PDSA model for improvement, and evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Patients who had received radical radiotherapy for head and neck, breast and cervix tumours were analysed as they are the commonly treated cancers at Gaborone Oncology. A retrospective survey was conducted for one year to establish the causes of radiotherapy delays from patient referral to the department to the start of radiation treatment. The PDSA model for improvement was then implemented and monitored for evidence of improvement from May to December 2008. The PDSA model showed significant reduction in radiotherapy delays at Gaborone Oncology. The results showed a decrease in radiotherapy delays in head and neck, breast and cervix cancers from an average delay time of 18.5 days in May 2008 to 8.6 days by December 2008.

Please read the abstract in the 08summary part of this document / Dissertation (MSc (Botany))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Plant Science / unrestricted