Thesis (Ph. D)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1979. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Vita. / Bibliography: leaves 145-148. / Ph.D

Thesis(Ph.D.)--Case Western Reserve University, 2009 / Title from PDF (viewed on 2009-11-23) Department of Management Includes abstract Includes bibliographical references and appendices Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center

This thesis consists of two essays analyzing the effect of uncertainty in macroeconomic and financial settings. Inspired by the counter-cyclical pattern of uncertainty and the role played by capital reallocation in Total Factor Productivity, we propose a theoretical viewpoint on uncertainty-driven business cycles in the first essay. Relying on the interaction between financial market and real sector, we are able to build up a transmission mechanism from uncertainty to business cycle by introducing a financial contract between firms and financial intermediaries. By setting up two types of firm with different production technology in a general equilibrium model, we show that information asymmetry leads firms with financing needs to be financially constrained. Due to information asymmetry, first best case is unachievable and production resources are allocated more to firms without financing needs. When uncertainty changes, the lending decision of financial intermediary also changes, further affecting firms’ production capacities. Production resources are reallocated between the two types of firms which generates fluctuations in TFP and other aggregates. More importantly, firms with financing needs is assumed with better production technology than the one adopted by the other type on average. Increase in uncertainty worsens the informational problem, reduces funds provided to firms with better technology, causes reallocation of resources to the other type, and further decreases productivity of the economy as a whole. This is in line with an economic downturn and also consistent with the counter-cyclicality of uncertainty. We also conduct a quantitative analysis by calibrating the model to the data and the estimated results provide corroborating evidence for the theory. Using a merged data-set of US firms during years 1971-2008, we empirically examine the impact of uncertainty on capital reallocation via financial friction in the second essay. By adopting KZ index as an indicator for firms’ financial statuses, we decompose the uncertainty-capital reallocation relation into three hypotheses. Using cross-sectional dispersion of stock return as a measure for uncertainty, we find that uncertainty is negatively associated with firms’ financial statuses. A firm with high uncertainty level is more likely to be in a low position of financial status. Second, uncertainty is in a negative relation with capital reallocation, which means capital reallocation decreases at firm level when uncertainty increases. Third, by sorting firms into different groups based on their financial statuses, we find that firms which are in worse financial situation are more responsive to uncertainty change. The finding is consistent with our prediction that uncertainty affects capital reallocation through financial friction. We employ both reduced-form and structural estimation strategies to examine our predictions, and all regression results are supportive. To further test the role of financial friction in the relation, we also sort firms into different groups by SIC code. And we find that, firms in industries relying more on financial market for external financing are more responsive to uncertainty change. / published_or_final_version / Economics and Finance / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

The objectives of the study are: (1) to determine whether or not price-level changes will have an effect upon the selected firms' earned capital, (2) to determine if the Pffect of inflation on the earned capital of the public utility companies is less than equal to or more than the effect on the earned capital of other industries, and (3) to identify critical variables affecting the selected firms' earned capital erosion due to price-level changes.Subjects were 153 companies: 38 non-utility companies and 115 utility companies. Equal size observations were used in analyzing each group (approximately 380, or 190 each).To obtain data the study chose firms from COMPUSTAT tapes for the years 1977 through 1981. Although several adjusted information items were available, some adjustments were needed for analysis, such as depreciation and tax liabilities. Price-level adjustments were made in accordance with procedures recommended by the Financial Accounting Standards Board.For the statistical analysis, the following null hypotheses were tested at the .05 level of significance:Ho1 : The price-level change will not affect the firms' earned capital erosion.H02 : (1) There is no significant earned capital erosion of the non-utility industry due to price-level changes (lefttailed test).(2) There is significant earned capital erosion of the utility industry due to price-level changes (righttailed test).The Z test statistic was used to test each null hypothesis. Multiple regression analyses were done to identify the critical variables affecting the firms' earned capital erosion under the price-level changes by using taxation, depreciation, payout ratio, and rate of inflation variables.As a result of the hypotheses, null hypothesis 1 was rejected. It could be concluded that the price-level changes did affect the firms' earned capital erosion due to inflation.Null hypothesis 2 for the non-utility industry was rejected (p<.05). The analysis indicated that there is significant earned capital erosion of the non-utility industry due to price-level changes. The null hypothesis 2 for the utility industry was rejected also. It could be concluded that there was no significant earned capital erosion of the utility industry due to inflation.From these results the first and second objectives of the research were met. The price-level changes did affect the selected firms' earned capital, the direction of the earned capital erosion between non-utility and utility groups was completely opposite. The price-level changes do erode the firms' earned capital, but this is not the case for the utility industry. The results of regression analysis indicated that the critical variables affecting the firms' earned capital erosion were taxation, depreciation, payout ratio, and rate of inflation. However, the relative importance of the independent variables was slightly different between the two groups.For the non-utility group the most important variable was payout ratio, followed by taxation and rate of inflation. In the utility industry group the most important variable was taxation, followed by depreciation, rate of inflation, and payout ratio.The following recommendations are made for further research:1. This study should be linked with the analysis of general capital erosion including contributedcapital under the price-level changes.2. The inventory valuation method should be considered for the future analysis of capitalerosion by using dummy variables, although these were not used in this research. It willcertainly become a more powerful model if the inventory valuation method were considered.3. For the in-depth analysis different models should be used for the different industry groups,and not just a general model.4. A study on the microeconomic effects of the tax burden shift associated with capital erosion due to inflation behavior is recommended.5. Finally, any kind of action to be taken by the Congress should be designed to alleviate capital erosion due to inflation.It is strongly recommended that the utility industry not include monetary gains or losses in the calculation of taxable income to prevent corporations' capital from overpaying through income taxing.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Stockholm, 1987. / Summary in English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 221-227).

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1991.

Inaug.-Diss.--Universität Freiburg, 1930. / Cover title. Lebenslauf. Bibliography: p. 94-102.

Diss.--Handels-Hochschule, St. Gallen. / Bibliography: p. xvii-xxiv.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1923. / Vita. Published also as Studies in history, economics, and public law, v. 108, no. 1, whole no. 243.