In recent years, it has to spend lots of time and effort to get the certification of CMMI. Therefore, everyone is looking to tools or methods for speeding up the CMMI certification. CMMI level five, causal analysis and resolution, is an important issues for all industries. In the process of software development, we have to identify the causes for defects at first. Then, it uses a systematic approach to sum up the necessary causes for software defects in order to help managers make better decisions and develop action items. With no doubt, it is a very important issue in the process of software development. This study aims to explore the subject of using the methods of causal analysis and resolution to solve the problems of software defects. Through the implementation of CAR, we can determine the root causes of defects and avoid importing defects to products. This study focus on the implementations of CAR and it proposes the methods, procedures and management forms. Moreover, this study will introduce the Mill¡¦s methods for causal reasoning used in the structure of CAR. Therefore it can help managers with a better way to sum up the causes for defects. The study uses case study method. Firstly, it connects the company for data collection of cause and effect diagram and combines the Mill¡¦s methods to inductive causal and analysis. Then it arranges interviews with the company managers to identify the necessary causes of defects. Finally, it helps the company develop action items in order to achieve the causal analysis and resolutions in the process of software development.

The marginalization index for each municipality in Mexico confirms that the country is characterized by substantial economic inequality. Using this index as a tool to measure inequality in urbanization and data from the Consejo Nacional de Población (CONAPO) and the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI), this work first analyzes observed spatial patterns of the marginalization index. Next, this dissertation analyzes the association between marginalization and mortality patterns inside Mexico. Overall, there is evidence of high marginalization linked to high mortality rates. Factors that might influence marginalization like geographical differences do not seem to influence the relationship between marginalization and mortality. Factors like migration and indigenous population percentages show more relevance in explaining the association between marginalization and mortality as a social causation effect. / text

Past research has demonstrated that people prefer donating to a single identified donation recipient rather than abstractly presented donation recipients (i.e., the identifiable victim effect). The current study applies this conventional wisdom to cause-related marketing (CRM) advertising campaigns. The results show that the identifiable victim effect might not always be powerful within CRM advertising campaigns. Specifically, an advertisement with message evidence having statistical information about donation recipients is more effective for the people who possess an independent self-construal level. In contrast, a CRM ad with anecdotal message evidence about an identifiable donation recipient is effective for the people with an interdependent self-construal level. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. / text

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In the first chapter, I examine the definitions and axioms in Part One of Spinoza's Ethics. From there, I discuss five interpretations of Spinoza's notion of `axiom' in order to strengthen our understanding of the role Spinoza took axioms to play in his work. In the second chapter, I move from the discussion of what an axiom is to a consideration of the precise meaning of the fourth axiom of the first part (1A4). A key move in this chapter is to show that Spinoza does not separate causation and conception. In the third chapter, I defend the truth of 1A4 by showing that it follows from the definitions of Substance and Mode. I argue that in virtue of the conclusions of the previous two chapters, the axiom can be regarded as true for its relevant magnitude (in a way akin to the 'common notions' of Euclid's Elements). / Thesis (Master, Philosophy) -- Queen's University, 2010-09-04 13:22:27.876

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This thesis is based on an ethnographic study conducted in a split grade five and six classroom in Toronto during the 1985/86 academic year. Data were collected through participatory observation, as well as through individual and focus group interviews. A group of eight activist African-Canadian high school students, as well as 26 Euro- Canadian “drop-backs” were also interviewed. The time during which I conducted the study was a period of intensive education activism of parents and the community in Toronto. I was interested in determining whether or not, and this activism was reflected at the school level, and if it was reflected, how. I also wanted to examine whether or not the historically supportive auxiliary role that parents played during this period was elevated to more substantive and meaningful active involvement in the education of their children during the last half of the 1980s. This study shows that activities in the classroom were driven by pre-packaged curriculum materials and were implemented with very few modifications. Coupled with teacher-centred practice, this closed the door for any diversifying opportunities that could have found their way into the classroom, not only from the homes of the children and the school community, but also from critics of the use of prepackaged material and, most importantly, from the students themselves. Furthermore, teacher-centred classroom discourse pushed students to develop a cynical attitude towards schooling. Having no say in what or how they were taught provided the children with few choices but to develop a coping mechanism of passive resistance. Their short-term survival strategies included appearing as though they were striding along, but not embracing their school experiences fully. By the same token, they were not challenged to think critically, to evaluate or to problem-solve. A link was also established between the students’ passive resistance at the elementary level with ‘fading out’ or ‘dropping out’ and successful resistance at the high school level.

Actuellement en cour, la cause Caron, connue en anglais comme The Caron Case, est une des causes juridiques récentes les plus importantes à l‟égard du statut constitutionnel de la langue française en Alberta et en Saskatchewan. Pendant le procès, qui a duré plusieurs années, l‟histoire constitutionnelle de la langue française a été débattue par deux témoins experts, le Dr. Edmund Aunger et le Dr. Kenneth Munro. Cette thèse déconstruit les arguments historiques présentés par Aunger et Munro par l‟entremise d‟une analyse de contenu et d‟une perspective comparée, tout en considérant les contextes interprétatifs qui touchent à la question. La thèse considère également les contraintes et les problèmes qui sont soulevés quand l‟histoire est débattue dans la sphère juridique. / Études canadiennes

In the New Zealand context, considerable academic and government attention has been given to the socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in health, and how they have evolved over time. Despite evidence of clear regional health patterning within New Zealand, there has been very little research monitoring how the geographical trends in health have evolved over time. The period 1980 to 2001 is very important in New Zealand's contemporary history, as it was a time of rapid social and economic change. For this reason, researchers are motivated to examine the extent to which health differentials evolved during the same period. The reduction of health inequalities are at the top of the Government's health agenda, it is therefore important not only to monitor the success, or otherwise, of a reduction in social inequalities, but also, geographic inequalities. This thesis examines the extent of geographic inequalities in mortality in contemporary New Zealand, and whether or not mortality has become geographically polarised between 1981 and 2000. This thesis builds on research carried out in New Zealand, and seeks to delve deeper into the specifics of the geographic variation of mortality. Importantly, it fills several knowledge gaps during this period, which include: the geographic inequality of cause-specific mortality, the difference in regional cause-specific mortality between males and females, and the inequalities of mortality at a finer geographic resolution. A significant debate revolves around the relative contribution of compositional and contextual explanations for the geographic variation of health outcomes. The research undertaken in this thesis examines the contribution of population change and deprivation to the geographic inequalities of mortality. Numerous key findings were identified in this research, four of which are as follows: In 2000, significant geographic inequalities in cause-specific mortality existed within New Zealand; between 1981 and 2000 the geographic mortality gap remained relatively stable; and when the geographic areas are sorted by deprivation, the results indicate that there has been a widening of the mortality gap. Analysis of the relationship between population change and mortality provide cautious support for the finding that mortality rates are higher in areas that have experienced population decline and conversely, that mortality rates are lower in areas where there has been a growth in population. The high and stable levels of geographic inequality should be of great concern to policy makers as the results of this research indicate that policies addressing health inequalities in New Zealand are not sufficiently potent.

Diss. Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / S. 1-56: sammanfattning, s. 59-127: 5 uppsatser.