The overuse of the coastal resources and overdevelopment on coastal areas led to the result of serious destruction of nature landscape and coastal resources due to the abundance of coastal resources. To avoid the improper development on the coastal areas, it is necessary to have an integrated consideration over the engineering, ecosystem, economics, environmental protection and sustainable development based on the character of coastal land. Therefore, the main conception of this study is to apply the concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) to take all aspects which might affect the coastal management into integrated consideration, and to accomplish the concept of ICZM by Integrated Assessment (IA). Furthermore, the study constructed a indicator structure of assess coastal management by Driving forces¡VPressures¡VStates¡VImpacts¡VResponses (DPSIR), which takes the production, ecosystem and living environment as three core assessment indicators. Finally, the conceptual model of integrated coastal management is constructed with the help of System Dynamic (SD) and Cellular Automata (CA). This study simulates the influence of the existence of Chang Hua Coastal Industrial Park on the nearby areas such as Hsienhsi county, Hemei town and Lukang town from 1991 to 2021. The main consideration is on the time-series variation of three core indicators and some critical variables as well as the mid-term to long-term tendency on the land use. Three kinds of actions are set for the scenario analysis, including single strategy, multi strategies and progressively varying strategies. According to the simulation results, the action of multi strategies results in the best performance on three core indicators, and the action of single strategy is the worst on the contrary. On seeing the blooming problems over simulation period, the progressively varying strategies are applied in specific time points, and result in better or worse performances depending on different restrictions and resources. The conceptual model constructed in this research is adaptive to simulate the varying tendency on the nearby areas due to the existence of coastal industrial park, and is an efficient and effective assessing measure for the decision persons or the paper worker to understand the influences on different scenarios or strategies applied. Thus better formulations or suggestions over destination areas will be made to help fulfill the concept of ICZM.

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Conventional CMOS (the current dominant technology for VLSI) implemented with ever smaller transistors is expected to encounter serious problems in the near future with the need for difficult fabrication technologies. The most important problem is heat generation. The desire for device density, power dissipation and performance improvement necessitates new technologies that will provide innovative solutions to integration and computations. Nanotechnology, especially Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) provides new possibilities for computing owing to its unique properties. Numerous nanoelectronic devices are being investigated and many experimental devices have been developed. Thus, high level circuit design is needed to keep pace with changing physical studies. The circuit design aspects of QCA have not been studied much because of its novelty. Arithmetic units, especially multipliers and dividers play an important role in the design of digital processors and application specific systems. Therefore, designs for parallel multipliers and dividers are presented using this technology. Optimal design of parallel multipliers for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata is explored in this dissertation. As a main basic element to build multipliers, adders are implemented and compared their performances with previous adders. And two different layout schemes that single layer and multi-layer wire crossings are compared and analyzed. This dissertation proposes three kinds of multipliers. Wallace and Dadda parallel multipliers, quasi-modular multipliers, and array multipliers are designed and simulated with several different operand sizes. Also array multipliers that are well suited in QCA are constructed and formed by a regular lattice of identical functional units so that the structure is conformable to QCA technology without extra wire delay. All these designs are constructed using coplanar layouts and compared with other QCA multipliers. The delay, area and complexity are compared for several different operand sizes. This research also studies divider designs for quantum-dot cellular automata. A digit recurrence restoring binary divider is a conventional design that serves as a baseline. By using controlled full subtractor cell units, a relatively simple and efficient implementation is realized. The Goldschmidt divider using the new architecture (data tag method) to control the various elements of the divider is compared for the performance. / text

This thesis focuses on reducing the delay of non-restoring division. Although the digit recurrence division is lower in complexity and occupies a smaller area than division by convergence, it has a drawback: slow division speed. To mitigate this problem, two modification ideas are proposed here for the non-restoring division, the fastest division algorithm of the digit recurrence division methods. For the first proposed approach, the delay of the multiplexer for selecting the quotient digit and determining the way to calculate the partial remainder can be reduced through inverting the order of its flowchart. Second, one adder and one inverter can be removed by using a new quotient digit converter. To prove these ideas are valid, the simulation results comparing the modified non-restoring division and the standard non-restoring division are provided. / text

The defects and fault tolerance study is essential in the QCA devices in order to know its characteristics. Knowing the characteristics, one can understand the flow of information in a QCA system with and without manufacturing and operational defects. The manufacturing defects could be at device level or cell level. At the device level, the cell could be rotated, displaced vertically or horizontally, the cell could be missing or the size of the cell could be different. At the cell level, there could be a missing dot, dot could be displaced from its position or the size of the dots could be different. The operational defects are due to its surrounding, such as temperature or stray charge. Each of these defects and fault tolerances can be studies in detail in order to find the optimum working conditions where the information can be safely transmitted to the appropriate locations in the device.The theoretical studies have shown that at absolute temperature and without any defect, the QCA devices are operational. But it is almost impossible to manufacture a perfect or defect free device, and also it is impractical to think about operating a system at absolute zero temperature environment.Therefore, it is important to investigate the fault tolerant properties with defects and higher temperatures to see how far the QCA device can operate safely. Many studies have been done to investigate the fault tolerant properties in QCA devices. However, these studies have not completely exhausted the study of defects and temperature effects. In this study, the dot displacement and missing dots with temperature effects are investigated for the basic QCA devices and a Full Adder. In order to study fault tolerant properties, the existing theoretical model and computer simulation programs have been expanded and used. The defect characteristics have been simulated using normal distribution. / Department of Physics and Astronomy

We present a theoretical study of quasi-adiabatic clocking and thermal effect in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA). Quasi-adiabatic clocking is the modulation of an inter-dot potential barrier in order to keep the QCA cells near the ground state throughout the switching process. A time-dependent electric field is calculated for arrays of charged rods. The electron tunneling between dots is controlled by raising and lowering a potential barrier in the cell.A quantum statistical model has been introduced to obtain the thermal average of polarization of a QCA cell. We have studied the thermal effect on QCA devices. The theoretical analysis has been approximated for a two-state model where the cells are in one of two possible eigenstates of the cell Hamiltonian. In general, the average polarization of each cell decreases with temperature and the distance from the driver cells. The results demonstrate the critical nature of temperature dependence for the operation of QCA. / Department of Physics and Astronomy

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No description available.

This thesis investigates a resource driven probabilistic cellular automata (PCA) model of plant competition in terms of local interactions, spatial distributions, and invasion. The model also incorporates herbivores and carnivores and examines their effect on plant populations and community structure. Comparisons are drawn between the model, field studies and other mathematical models. Chapter 1 provides a background of relevant concepts from plants and animal ecology, details a number of mathematical models used in this field and describes the model relevant models and results in the literature. It concludes with a comparison of the features of the most germane models and field studies. Chapter 2 primarily focuses on plants, argues for the model we have chosen, recaptures previous results which are similar to some natural phenomena, and makes a preliminary investigation of community behaviour and disturbance. It then describes the effect of introducing biomass for plants on species behaviour, and their spatial distributions. Chapter 3 deals with competition between different species, and aspects of invasion. Coexistence between functionally different plants can occur, join count statistics and measures for patch location on the torus are developed and applied. Chapter 4 derives a generalised probabilistic model for ruderal monocultures, finds numerical solutions for these and investigates models for vegetatively growing species of plants. Chapter 5 examines the population effects of herbivory (i.e. importance of spatial correlation of disturbance) and analogies to competitor-stress tolerator-ruderal (CSR) primary plant types, as well as plant successional rates and factors affecting community composition. Equilibrium species composition corresponded to CSR theory when plant immigration was introduced. Chapter 6 investigates the basic effects of carnivory, and discusses parallels between probabilistic cellular automata and field studies.

Bibliographical references: p. 225-234. / xxiv, 285 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1998