[pt] O discurso teológico assume relevância e autenticidade na medida em que expressa a tarefa antropológica: é na realidade humana que Deus se revela, e sua autocomunicação acontece em Jesus Cristo. N´Ele, a realidade humana encontra sentido e salvação. Refletimos sobre a antropologia teológica de Juan Alfaro, redescobrindo elementos de sua sistemática que nos permitam compreender a concepção cristã de pessoa humana. Os pressupostos antropológicos de sua teologia - o mundo, as relações interpessoais, a história e a morte - ajudam a explicitar a pergunta pela própria pessoa humana como pergunta por Deus. Essa interpelação nasce na abertura e na esperança que todo homem traz em si para encontrar o sentido Absoluto. Em Cristo, realiza-se a plenitude da Graça, Pessoa do Verbo de Deus, em sua Encarnação, chave hermenêutica do mistério salvífico: a realidade humana é inserida na relação de amor trinitário que personaliza e cristifica o homem e sua existência. Na relação filial de Cristo com o Pai, todos são personalizados para uma nova relação de filial fraternidade que manifesta o sentido da pessoa humana, visível na solidariedade salvífica: personalizados em Cristo para cristificar o mundo e a história. / [en] The theological discourse gains relevance and authenticity as it expresses the anthropological task: it is in the human reality that God reveals Himself, and his selfcomunication happens in Jesus Christ. In Him, human reality finds sense and salvation. We reflect upon the theological anthropology of Juan Alfaro, re-discovering elements of his systematics wich helps us understand the christian conception of human person. The anthropological presumptions of his theology - the world, interpersonal relations, history and death - help explain the question made by the human person themselves as a question made by God. That interpellation comes from the openness and hope that every man carries within to find the Absolute sense. In Christ the fulfillment of grace is achieved Person of the Verb of God, in his incarnation,the hermeneutic key of the saving mistery: human reality is inserted in the relation of trinitary love which personalises and christifies man and his existence. In the filial relation between Christ and the Father, every one is personalized to a new relation of filial fraternity that manifests the sense of the human person, visible in saving solidarity: personalized in Christ to christify the world and history.

[pt] Tendo em vista os reducionismos de cunho antropológico vividos na espiritualidade e na práxis dos cristãos na atual Igreja latino-americana, que tem como pressuposto uma cristologia que não une adequadamente o Cristo da fé com o Jesus da história, o crucificado com o ressuscitado, o presente trabalho tem o objetivo de investigar a relação entre cristologia e a antropologia no pensamento teológico de Wolfhart Pannenberg. A ênfase de nossa pesquisa consiste em refletir sobre os conteúdos de sua cristologia com o intuito de averiguar se eles nos possibilitariam uma articulação apropriada entre cristologia do alto e do baixo, propiciando a superação dos dualismos antropológicos vividos em nossa realidade eclesial. A reflexão cristológica pannenberguiana parte de baixo, mas tem como pressuposto a cristologia do alto, tornando possível uma cristologia articuladora entre a humanidade e a divindade de Jesus Cristo, entre o crucificado e o ressuscitado, oferecendo assim uma antropologia que integra as múltiplas dimensões do ser humano. Segundo Pannenberg, a cristologia tem uma compreensão prévia do homem e de Deus; contudo, essa compreensão é superada na medida em que, em última instância, falar de Deus e do homem significa falar de Jesus Cristo. Mediante sua vida, morte e ressurreição, Jesus nos revelou sua humanidade e divindade. Desse modo, pode-se afirmar que a humanidade e a divindade de Jesus são os fundamentos da antropologia cristã e que, entre cristologia e antropologia, existe uma profunda interação que estabelece entre ambas uma circularidade hermenêutica. / [en] Considering the reductionisms with anthropologic trait experienced in the Christian spirituality and praxis in the present-day Latin American Church - that has, as a presupposition, a christology which will not adequately unite the Christ of faith and the Jesus of history, the crucified and the resurrected one - the present work intends to inquire into the relation between christology and anthropology in the Pannenbergian theological thinking. Our research lays special emphasis on the reflection about the contents of his Christology with the intent of determining whether it is possible to suitably connect Christology from above and Christology from below, and therefore overcome the anthropological dualisms experienced in our ecclesiastic reality. Pannenbergs Christological reflection rises from below, but takes the Christology from above as a presupposition, thereby allowing of a Christology that combines the humanity and divinity of Jesus, the crucified and the resurrected one, and providing an anthropology that integrates the multiple dimensions of human beings. According to Pannenberg, Christology has a previous understanding of the human being and of God. But that understanding is ultimately overcome because speaking about God and man means to speak about Jesus Christ. Through his life, death and resurrection, Jesus revealed his humanity and divinity. Therefore, one could assert that Jesus humanness and divinity are the grounds of the Christian anthropology and that between Christology and Anthropology there is a deep interaction that establishes a hermeneutic circularity among them.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">The aim of this research project was to seek a reinterpretation of the Christian motif of' bearing one's cross'. This motif has been widely criticized by feminist theologians as an instrument that exacerbates the oppression of women, since it encourages self-sacrifice and in this way legitimizes abusive relationships.</p>

<p>This study entails a constructive contribution towards a contemporary reinterpretation, within the Akan context, of the classic Christian notion of Christ&rsquo / s person and work as Mediator between God and humanity. Specifically, I endeavour to reinterpret aspects of the Christian confession of faith as formulated by the Council of Chalcedon (451) that, Jesus Christ is &ldquo / truly God&rdquo / (vere Deus) as well as &ldquo / truly human&rdquo / (vere homo). I build on the notion that the relationship between these two claims may also be understood in terms of the one &ldquo / person&rdquo / and the two &ldquo / natures&rdquo / of Jesus Christ. The work of Christ is reinterpreted from this perspective. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, which covers the first four chapters, entail reviews of some of the dominant African Christologies &ndash / with particular reference to divine conqueror and ancestor Christologies. In these chapters, the adequacy of the mentioned Christologies is assessed with reference to the Nicene/Chalcedonian confessional definition concerning the person of Christ. The conclusion reached is that these Christologies do not adequately express the person of Christ as truly divine as well as truly human as defined by the first four ecumenical councils. As a result, these Christologies also express the work of Christ, particularly his atonement in a less adequate way.</p>

This thesis aims to contribute to an answer to the question, “What would a philosophy, and more specifically, an ethics, based on Christ, look like?” My first contention is that we find, in the ethical thinking of Karl Barth and Dietrich Bonhoeffer, two particularly radical and complementary attempts to point toward Christ as the basis or foundation of any genuine ethics. What sets the views of Barth and Bonhoeffer apart from many of the other philosophical and theological approaches to ethics, is the extent to which they seek to take seriously the ethical implications of the gospel – the revelation of God's grace in the Word and work of Jesus Christ – for ethics. My second contention is that, even if we follow neither Barth nor Bonhoeffer in the detailed outworking of the character of a Christologically grounded ethics, we nevertheless cannot avoid facing the radical challenge each of these men poses, in their own related but distinct ways, that in thinking about ethics we must take Christ as our standard and foundation. In the first two chapters, on Barth and Bonhoeffer respectively, I identify the structure and content of their arguments and display their textual basis in the texts most relevant to the topic, namely Barth’s Church Dogmatics and Bonhoeffer’s Ethics. I also present an outline of the character of a Christologically-grounded ethics as each of these theologians derives it from its Christological basis. In the third chapter I examine the cogency of their arguments.

This thesis explores Wisdom Christology, the association of Jesus Christ and the mysterious and neglected biblical figure of Woman Wisdom. Because the descriptions of her bear a striking resemblance to the portrayal of Jesus Christ, I argue that they can be seen as two names for the same figure: Christ-Wisdom. This link between Jesus Christ and Woman Wisdom has some interesting repercussions in Christology. Firstly, it emphasizes the mysteriousness of Jesus Christ, preventing the illusion that Jesus Christ can be fully understood. In fact, the incarnation is a deepening of the mystery of God, meaning that theological language must rely on paradox and metaphor to describe the indescribable. I argue that the name Jesus Christ is inclusive, wide enough to hold many names, including that of Woman Wisdom, which he sanctifies so they become appropriate names for the divine. Secondly, the association of Jesus Christ with Woman Wisdom affects the gender of Jesus Christ. Throughout Christian history, there has been a gender fluidity in depictions of Jesus Christ, something legitimated by his full divinity. This does not mean his historical life as a male human being can be ignored, but although he was of the male sex, he arguably did not strictly adhere to socio-cultural gender expectations. Likewise, in Woman Wisdom, Jesus Christ provides an alternative, atypical way of being female. This relativizes the gender of Christ-Wisdom, pointing beyond it to the radical solidarity of the divine with all humanity in the incarnation. Thirdly, to view Christ as Wisdom changes the way gender is understood within the Church, the Body of Christ. If the Church is the representative of Christ-Wisdom, it is therefore a multi-gendered body in which Jesus Christ takes on male and female embodiment. In contrast to gendered ethical models, the Church thus has one ethical example in Christ-Wisdom, which all follow. Because of the various gifts of the Spirit, diversity remains, but is transformed so that differences, including gender, do not limit or determine the roles of believers in the Church, but remain part of the richness of the one Body under its one Head, Christ-Wisdom.

This thesis explores Wisdom Christology, the association of Jesus Christ and the mysterious and neglected biblical figure of Woman Wisdom. Because the descriptions of her bear a striking resemblance to the portrayal of Jesus Christ, I argue that they can be seen as two names for the same figure: Christ-Wisdom. This link between Jesus Christ and Woman Wisdom has some interesting repercussions in Christology. Firstly, it emphasizes the mysteriousness of Jesus Christ, preventing the illusion that Jesus Christ can be fully understood. In fact, the incarnation is a deepening of the mystery of God, meaning that theological language must rely on paradox and metaphor to describe the indescribable. I argue that the name Jesus Christ is inclusive, wide enough to hold many names, including that of Woman Wisdom, which he sanctifies so they become appropriate names for the divine. Secondly, the association of Jesus Christ with Woman Wisdom affects the gender of Jesus Christ. Throughout Christian history, there has been a gender fluidity in depictions of Jesus Christ, something legitimated by his full divinity. This does not mean his historical life as a male human being can be ignored, but although he was of the male sex, he arguably did not strictly adhere to socio-cultural gender expectations. Likewise, in Woman Wisdom, Jesus Christ provides an alternative, atypical way of being female. This relativizes the gender of Christ-Wisdom, pointing beyond it to the radical solidarity of the divine with all humanity in the incarnation. Thirdly, to view Christ as Wisdom changes the way gender is understood within the Church, the Body of Christ. If the Church is the representative of Christ-Wisdom, it is therefore a multi-gendered body in which Jesus Christ takes on male and female embodiment. In contrast to gendered ethical models, the Church thus has one ethical example in Christ-Wisdom, which all follow. Because of the various gifts of the Spirit, diversity remains, but is transformed so that differences, including gender, do not limit or determine the roles of believers in the Church, but remain part of the richness of the one Body under its one Head, Christ-Wisdom.

<p>To exist racially "in-between," has been characterized as a tragic existence in the modern world. The loneliness and isolation of these lives have given rise to the term the "tragic mulatto." The dissertation Mulatto Theology: Race, Discipleship, and Interracial Existence theologically interprets mulatto lives making visible and interrogating the wider reality of racialized lives in modernity. The mulatto's body is significant in that it discloses what is masked in modern (and particularly white) identities.</p><p>Culture, identities (individual and communal) are not only interconnected, but they are mixtures where peoples become presenced in the lives and practices of other "alien" peoples. This mixture requires reflection upon the formation of all identities, and the ways these identities become visible within the world. Given this arc of identity any reflection upon Christian identity must articulate itself within the tensions of these identities and the practices that mark such identities within the world.</p><p>In examining the formation and performance of mulatto bodies this dissertation suggests these bodies are theologically important for modern Christians and theological reflection in particular. Namely, the mulatto's body becomes the site for re-imagining Christian life as a life lived "in-between." The primary locus of this re-imagination is the body of Christ. </p><p>A re-examination of theological reflection and Scripture regarding his person and work display his character as mulatto, or the God-man. But not only is his identity mulatto, but his person also describes the nature of his work, his re-creation of humanity. So</p><p>understood Christian bodies can be construed as "interracial" bodies -- bodies of flesh and Spirit that disrupt modern formations of race. The Christian body points to a communal reality where hybridity is no longer tragic, but rather constitutive of Christian discipleship. This new, hybrid and "impure" way of existing witnesses to God's redemptive work in the world.</p> / Dissertation

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p align="left">The aim of this research project was to seek a reinterpretation of the Christian motif of' bearing one's cross'. This motif has been widely criticized by feminist theologians as an instrument that exacerbates the oppression of women, since it encourages self-sacrifice and in this way legitimizes abusive relationships.</p>

<p>This study entails a constructive contribution towards a contemporary reinterpretation, within the Akan context, of the classic Christian notion of Christ&rsquo / s person and work as Mediator between God and humanity. Specifically, I endeavour to reinterpret aspects of the Christian confession of faith as formulated by the Council of Chalcedon (451) that, Jesus Christ is &ldquo / truly God&rdquo / (vere Deus) as well as &ldquo / truly human&rdquo / (vere homo). I build on the notion that the relationship between these two claims may also be understood in terms of the one &ldquo / person&rdquo / and the two &ldquo / natures&rdquo / of Jesus Christ. The work of Christ is reinterpreted from this perspective. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part, which covers the first four chapters, entail reviews of some of the dominant African Christologies &ndash / with particular reference to divine conqueror and ancestor Christologies. In these chapters, the adequacy of the mentioned Christologies is assessed with reference to the Nicene/Chalcedonian confessional definition concerning the person of Christ. The conclusion reached is that these Christologies do not adequately express the person of Christ as truly divine as well as truly human as defined by the first four ecumenical councils. As a result, these Christologies also express the work of Christ, particularly his atonement in a less adequate way.</p>