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The goal of this research is to construct a system with the ability of helping decision makers make decisions while facing emergency or disaster evacuation conditions, that is, to build a decision support system for mass evacuation and emergency management. By combining MASSVAC2 and HEUPRAE2 analysis models, shortest path finding technique, computer graphic display technique, data structure and processing algorithms, and interactive computer dialog method, a system named Transportation Evacuation Decision Support System (TEDSS) has been built to achieve the goal of the research. TEDSS has been proved to be very useful and practical after it is applied on the Virginia Beach City flood evacuation project and the Mexico City earthquake project. A description of the structure of TEDSS and the theoretical and technical aspects behind it is included. There is also a manual of how to use TEDSS can be found in chapter 5. / M.S.

This thesis chronicles and examines the development of civil defense under the Truman administration. Both Washington's politicians and various atomic scientists embraced civil defense planning as a method of combating the Cold War and ensuring domestic national security. These efforts resulted in the Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA). The FCDA was the product of unrealistic assumptions and poor planning. Congress consistently allotted the agency unsubstantial yearly operating budgets, and consequently the FCDA always remained in the shadow of the larger military effort. Under the Truman administration, the FCDA was materially unsuccessful, because its nationwide shelter program never came to fruition. The civil defense administration's public information program, however, was modestly successful in that it raised public awareness of the possibility of atomic attack. / Master of Arts

11 Abstract Name of the essay: Knowledge analysis of students primary school, high school and university in the field of protection human on behalf of emergency in capital city Prague Aim of the essay: The main objective of this work is to point out the topic of civil protection, determine the way of education and knowledge of students at Prague schools. Another component of this essay describes the history and present condition of civil protection in our region, legislation and the meaning of civil protection for our country. Method: For getting data in this empirical study the method of inquiry was used. The inquiry contains of three parts: identification, research and complement. The individual study was made on chosen Prague schools and universities. Results: Frequency and statistical significance of answers were made from received data. The results showed that students have some knowledge in traffic education and first aid. But there is still lot of things that students should learn, mostly in civil protection. Key words: Civil protection, civil protection education, civil defense, history of civil defense

CHDS State/Local / This thesis reviews background related to counterterrorism and law enforcement planning for major special events and it identifies some of the strategic issues that have emerged in special events management since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. It focuses on the subjective and objective components of the systems currently used by DHS and the FBI to categorize and resource special events, and it evaluates whether the current approach to major event planning is sufficient for contemporary counterterrorism challenges. The thesis considers how changes in the present system may improve interagency counterterrorism preparedness. Finally, it applies risk management principles to the interagency special event planning process to determine if these principles are useful for developing a rational, politically defensible, and fiscally responsible approach to federal resource allocation for major special events. / Chief, FBI Special Events Management Unit, Washington, D.C.

CHDS State/Local / The major challenge in securing the homeland is to provide for all citizens effective and capable prevention and responsiveness to chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive events. States have different homeland security organizational structures, priorities, funding strategies, and implementation methods. Consequently, the nation lacks a clear, uniform prevention and response strategy that translates into an overall capability that cannot be qualitatively defined. To combat this situation, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has linked future funding to implementation of a holistic approach to homeland security program strategies, which include implementing intrastate and interstate regional approaches that effectively leverage resource sharing. North Dakota responded to funding reductions by addressing its first comprehensive statewide regional plan to develop a more efficient and effective homeland security program; however, actual implementation was not realistic. A tiered approach to sharing resources through regionalization means jurisdictional capability levels will be thoroughly examined and homeland security allocations distributed accordingly. Local jurisdictions in North Dakota exhibit very independent attitudes; instituting regionalization, which changes levels of funding, is controversial. Therefore, it was vital to first devise a plan that determined statewide acceptability for a regional approach. It was also deemed necessary to develop standardized baseline equipment lists corresponding to each of the four levels of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) capability as defined by DHS. The baseline lists provide specific guidance, direction and clarity for equipment purchasing decisions and circumvents the complex and disjointed method currently in use. / Director, North Dakota Division of Homeland Security, Bismarck, ND

CHDS State/Local / During the past decade the world has witnessed an increase in the use of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs). Explosives in the hands of terrorists continue to pose a significant threat. Lessons learned indicate that when traditional explosives become difficult to obtain, bomb makers turn to common chemicals as precursors to manufacture explosives. Only the imagination and the availability of certain chemicals limits the number explosives which can be manufactured with relative ease utilizing common chemicals readily available in our communities. Availability of precursor chemicals and ease by which explosives can be manufactured, increase the potential that IEDs will be deployed in the Homeland and requires a careful study of the options necessary to defeat IED deployment. This thesis analyzes various options, policies and procedures to ascertain which would be most appropriate to defeat explosives manufactured from common chemicals. Options include removing, restricting, and tracking certain chemicals available to the public as well as increasing awareness to emergency responders and the public. State and federal legislation pertaining to methamphetamine laboratories is analyzed to identify potential crossover legislation to counter explosives manufacture. Intelligence gathering and information sharing technologies and procedures are assessed for effectiveness as law enforcement tools. / Director, Isanti County Office of Homeland Security and Emergency Management

CHDS State/Local / Many organizations believe they are prepared for the next terrorist event by wrongly assuming there is a predictable threat that can be managed with the purchase of new equipment. Unless organizations develop a resilient response strategy that can adapt organizational and operational elements to respond to new terrorist incidents, they will find themselves with the same difficulties emergency responders did on 9/11. As terrorist attacks unfold, organizations are pushed beyond their normal capabilities. How quickly organizations adapt to the uncertainty of a new crisis is critical. Organizations that cannot adapt to new threats of large, complex terrorist events will be less likely to respond effectively to future attacks. This paper recommends a resilient response strategy that is flexible enough to adapt to complex incidents. It proposes policy recommendations that address organizational strategy and operational crisis management to deal with the initial critical hours of a terrorist attack. Organizational strategy defines core competencies and what happens when competencies are pushed beyond their capacity. Operational crisis management will examine situational awareness requirements, flexible decision-making and innovation. Command resiliency is achieved by overcoming organizational bias and integrating organizational preparedness and operational adaptability into a synergistic response network. / Deputy Assistant Chief, Fire Department City of New York

Faced with the very substantial threat of terrorist attack, the United States must ask the question, What actions were taken by other states in the past to successfully combat terrorism? Knowledge of those steps may lead to a greater understanding of what actions are desirable, necessary, or simply unavoidable in its counterterrorism efforts. Having such understanding is needed to plan policies, strategies, and tactics that are effective and acceptable to citizens as well as to the international community. The history of the successful counterterrorism campaigns against the Thugs [1829-1835] and Sikh terrorists [1980-1993] show a number of commonalities in the actions taken by the governments in power at that time. In both cases, abridgement of civil liberties, as per present day standards in the United States, played a major role in the governmentsâ campaigns. These two cases, as well as other historic cases, lead to the conclusion that following successful terrorist attacks, civil liberties will be curtailed. The United States must expect this curtailment and should take actions to ensure these actions are temporary, warranted, effective, and do not transgress more than necessary on the nation's fundamental moral values.

CHDS State/Local / This thesis will briefly explore the questions surrounding why prevention has typically not been incorporated into homeland security exercises and strives to document and demonstrate that prevention can be exercised. It will look at various prevention strategies, most notably, "All-Crimes," Information Sharing, Private Sector Security, Attack Trees, Red-Teaming, and Behavioral Analysis, to determine how these prevention-related tools can be integrated into exercise design and conduct. These tools can be used in exercises individually or in groups. They are, however, not the end-state, as other tools undoubtedly exist. Prevention as a science and a skill is still in its infancy; with additional research, analysis, and practice, maturity will come. This thesis also endeavors to provide a road map for agencies desiring to understand and exercise prevention activities. Understanding that prevention can be practiced and exercised through the use of certain tools is one significant step in having the guidance necessary to begin a prevention exercise, or better, a complete prevention exercise program. Agencies using these tools, working within the Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) Guidelines, and using technical expertise available from local, national, and federal subject-matter experts, should have that road map. / Captain, Seattle Police Department