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Results from numerical simulation were performed to study flow and heat transfer in two types of rotating multi-pass cooling channels. Second moment closure model was used to solve flow in domain generated from Chimera method. The first type was a four-pass channel with two different inlet settings. The main flowing channel was rectangular channel (AR=2:1) with hydraulic diameter (Dh ) equals to 2/3 inch (16.9 mm). The first and fourth channel were set as different aspect ratio (AR=2:1; AR=1:1). Reynolds number (Re) used in this part was 10,000. The rotating angle was set as 90 degrees. The density ratio was set as 0.115. The rotation number varied from 0.0 to 0.22. It was showed that inlet effect only caused influence to flow and heat transfer in first two passages. The second type was a four-pass channel with/without addition of vane in smooth turn portion. The main flowing channel was rectangular channel (AR=2:1) with hydraulic diameter (Dh) equals to 2/3 inch. The first and fourth passages were set to be square duct (AR=1:1). The Reynolds number (Re) used in this part was 20,000. Three rotation numbers were set here (Ro=0.0; Ro=0.2; Ro=0.4). The density ratio and rotating angle varied from 0.12 to 0.32 and from 45 degrees to 90 degrees respectively. According to numerical results, it was revealed that the addition of vane in smooth turn portion did not cause influence to part before it. However, it caused significant influence to flow and heat transfer in smooth turn portion and part after it.

[pt] O atual esgotamento de campos de petróleo tradicionais tem aumentado a demanda pela produção e transporte óleos não convencionais, que podem possuir uma alta viscosidade dinâmica. Neste contexto, o estudo do escoamento simultâneo de gás e óleos viscosos em tubulações é de grande importância para a indústria de Óleo e Gás. Simulações numéricas uni-dimensionais desempenham um papel essencial nestes estudos, especialmente aquelas baseadas no Modelos de Dois-Fluidos 1D, cuja solução numérica em malhas refinadas consiste na Metodologia de Captura de Regimes. O propósito deste trabalho é utilizar esta abordagem para reproduzir dados experimentais de escoamentos óleo viscoso-gás em golfadas e estratificado ondulado em um duto horizontal em escala laboratorial. Para aprimorar os resultados desta metodologia, dados experimentais foram usados conjuntamente com um procedimento de otimização e uma versão simplificada do Modelos de Dois-Fluidos 1D para criar duas novas expressões para o fator de atrito interfacial, as quais mostraram maior eficiência que correlações padrão da literatura. O efeito da introdução da pressão dinâmica, difusão axial de quantidade de movimento e tensão interfacial dinâmica no Modelo de Dois-Fluidos 1D foi analisado. Resultados de gradiente de pressão e de fração volumétrica de líquido (histogramas, valores médios e perfis transientes) foram comparados com dados experimentais. Observou-se, com o auxílio de análises de boa-colocação, que a pressão dinâmica e as novas expressões para o fator de atrito interfacial fornecem resultados satisfatórios. / [en] The current depletion of traditional oil fields is increasing the demand for the production and transport of unconventional oils, which might possess a high dynamic viscosity. In this context, the study of the simultaneous flow of gas and viscous oils in pipelines is of paramount importance for the Oil and Gas industry. One-dimensional numerical simulations play a key role in such studies, especially the ones based on the 1D Two-Fluid Model, whose numerical solution in fine meshes consists in the Regime Capturing Methodology. The purpose of this work is to use this approach for reproducing the experimental data of isothermal slug and stratified wavy viscous oil-gas flows in a horizontal laboratory-scale pipe. For improving the results of the methodology, experimental data were used together with an optimization procedure and a simplified version of the 1D Two-Fluid Model for successfully creating two new expressions for the interfacial friction factor, which showed better efficiency than standard literature correlations. The effect of introducing a dynamic pressure, axial momentum diffusion and dynamic interfacial shear in the 1D Two-Fluid Model was examined. Results of pressure gradient and liquid holdup (histograms, mean values and transient profiles) were compared against experimental data. It was seen, with the aid of well-posedness analyses, that the dynamic pressure and the new expressions for the interfacial shear stress provided satisfactory results.

En raison de la gravité des accidents liés au phénomène de fatigue-propagation de fissure, les préoccupations de l’industrie aéronautique à assurer l’intégrité des structures soumises à ce mode de sollicitation revêtent un caractère tout à fait essentiel. Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire visent à appréhender le problème de sûreté des structures aéronautiques dimensionnées en tolérance aux dommages sous l’angle probabiliste. La formulation et l’application d’une approche fiabiliste menant à des processus de conception et de maintenance fiables des structures aéronautiques en contexte industriel nécessitent cependant de lever un nombre important de verrous scientifiques. Les efforts ont été concentrés au niveau de trois domaines dans ce travail. Une méthodologie a tout d’abord été développée afin de capturer et de retranscrire fidèlement l’aléa du chargement de fatigue à partir de séquences de chargement observées sur des structures en service et monitorées, ce qui constitue une réelle avancée scientifique. Un deuxième axe de recherche a porté sur la sélection d’un modèle mécanique apte à prédire l’évolution de fissure sous chargement d’amplitude variable à coût de calcul modéré. Les travaux se sont ainsi appuyés sur le modèle PREFFAS pour lequel des évolutions ont également été proposées afin de lever l’hypothèse restrictive de périodicité de chargement. Enfin, les analyses probabilistes, produits du couplage entre le modèle mécanique et les modélisations stochastiques préalablement établies, ont entre autre permis de conclure que le chargement est un paramètre qui influe notablement sur la dispersion du phénomène de propagation de fissure. Le dernier objectif de ces travaux a ainsi porté sur la formulation et la résolution du problème de fiabilité en tolérance aux dommages à partir des modèles stochastiques retenus pour le chargement, constituant un réel enjeu scientifique. Une méthode de résolution spécifique du problème de fiabilité a été mise en place afin de répondre aux objectifs fixés et appliquée à des structures jugées représentatives de problèmes réels. / Ensuring the integrity of structural components subjected to fatigue loads remains an increasing concern in the aerospace industry due to the detrimental accidents that might result from fatigue and fracture processes. The research works presented here aim at addressing the question of aircraft safety in the framework of probabilistic fracture mechanics. It should be noticed that a large number of scientific challenges requires to be solved before performing comprehensive probabilistic analyses and assessing the mechanical reliability of components or structures in an industrial context. The contributions made during the PhD are reported here. Efforts are provided on each step of the global probabilistic methodology. The modeling of random fatigue load sequences based on real measured loads, which represents a key and original step in stochastic damage tolerance, is first addressed. The second task consists in choosing a model able to predict the crack growth under variable amplitude loads, i.e. which accounts for load interactions and retardation/acceleration effects, at a moderate computational cost. The PREFFAS crack closure model is selected for this purpose. Modifications are brought in order to circumvent the restrictive assumption of stationary load sequences. Finally, probabilistic analyses resulting from the coupling between the PREFFAS model and the stochastic modeling are carried out. The following conclusion can especially be drawn. Scatter in fatigue loads considerably affects the dispersion of the crack growth phenomenon. Then, it must be taken into account in reliability analyses. The last part of this work focuses on phrasing and solving the reliability problem in damage tolerance according to the selected stochastic loading models, which is a scientific challenge. A dedicated method is established to meet the required objectives and applied to structures representative of real problems.