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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 45 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 37-45).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008 / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).

abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this randomized, placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effect a daily coconut oil supplement (2 grams) would have on a common serum marker of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein) and an indicator of oxidative stress (TBARS) when compared to the control group receiving a placebo capsule (white flour) in healthy, sedentary adults between the ages of 18-40 in Phoenix, Arizona. Design: This study was designed as secondary analyses of blood samples originally collected to study the effects of coconut oil supplementation on blood lipids and body composition. The original study consisted of 32 healthy, adult volunteers recruited from the Arizona State University campus in Phoenix, Arizona. Participants followed no food restrictions or special diets, exercised less than 150 minutes per week, had no diagnoses of chronic disease, were not taking statin medications, were non-smokers, and no female participants were pregnant. Participants were randomized into either the Coconut Oil group (CO) or the Placebo group (PL) at week 0, and baseline blood samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Each participant completed an 8-week protocol consisting of two supplement capsules daily (coconut oil or placebo). Final fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken at week 8. This study analyzed the blood samples for measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and thiobarbituric reactive substance (TBARS). Results: Eight weeks of 2 grams per day coconut oil supplementation, in comparison to placebo treatment, did not significantly reduce serum CRP ( -13% and +51% respectively, p=0.183) but did significantly increase TBARS ( +16% and -27% respectively, p=0.049). Conclusions: Coconut oil supplementation (2 g/day) may impact lipid peroxidation as indicated by an increase in plasma TBARS concentration. Future trials are necessary to corroborate these results using other indices of fatty peroxide formation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017

This thesis explores three topics relating to price transmission in economic theory. The broad aim is to understand the price adjustment processes of the domestic and export coconut markets of Sri Lanka during the 1980 to 2012 period. The three topics investigated were the changing role of coconut oil exports due to changes in the global oil markets. Second the functioning of the domestic district coconut markets and finally the impact of the tsunami 2004 on the coastal district coconut markets. The analytical framework for the study is the economic theory of the Law of One Price. The first issue was examined using cointegration, vector error correction and impulse response methodologies. To address the function of the domestic district coconut markets at wholesale, retail and vertical levels Hansen and Seo econometric model was used. To test the effects of the tsunami on the coastal district coconut markets and to assess whether “rockets and feathers” phenomenon rose as a result of the tsunami Enders and Siklos econometric model was applied. The results confirmed that cointegration pattern of vegetable oils in the international market changed with the emergence of bio fuel around 2000. Cointegration of coconut oil with other oils also did change with the emergence of biofuel. The results of the domestic market showed that Colombo market was cointegrated with district coconut markets. . The results of market structures at all levels showed mixed results with more symmetrical markets at wholesale level and more asymmetric markets at the vertical level Results of the impact of tsunami showed that markets were disrupted unevenly with highest disruption in the vertical markets due to tsunami. The tsunami does not seem to have lead to rocket and feather phenomenon.

O presente projeto teve como objetivo sintetizar matrizes magnetizadas para imobilização da lipase de Burkholderia cepacia para aplicação na síntese de ésteres alquilicos. Foram testadas duas metodologias para síntese de compósitos formados por óxidos magnéticos dispersos em matriz de sílica, a saber: a) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) dopada com Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 e b) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) sintetizada com incorporação de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3. As matrizes polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) e partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 foram usadas como controles. As características texturais e morfológicas das matrizes magnéticas e não magnética foram determinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difratograma de raios-X, espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e análise de tamanho de poros (BET). As partículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) e maghemita (?Fe2O3) apresentaram comportamento superparamagnético. A lipase de B. cepacia foi imobilizada nas quatro matrizes (magnetizada e não magnetizada) por adsorção física e ligação covalente e os rendimentos de imobilização similares obtidos sugerem que as partículas de ferro não interferiram na interação enzima-suporte. Entretanto, os parâmetros cinéticos (Km e Vmax) determinados indicaram que a lipase imobilizada nos suportes magnetizados tem menor afinidade pelo substrato. Os valores determinados de Km e Vmax da lipase de B. cepacia na forma livre (Km = 400 ± 32 mM e Vmax = 16019 ± 749 Ug-1) mostraram que independente do suporte a imobilização reduziu aproximadamente 50% da afinidade da enzima pelo substrato. Os derivados imobilizados obtidos por ligação covalente foram selecionados para mediar reações de transesterificação do óleo de coco pela rota etanólica e demonstraram eficiente desempenho, fornecendo conversões praticamente totais em ésteres de etila entre 72-96h. A menor velocidade de reação foi verificada para a lipase imobilizada em partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3, provavelmente devido à interferência negativa do óxido de ferro que reduziu a afinidade da enzima pelo substrato, corroborando com os parâmetros cinéticos Km e Vmax. As amostras purificadas apresentaram propriedades que atendem às especificações exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP) para uso como biocombustível, incluindo: pureza elevada em ésteres etílicos (mínimo 96%), densidade (873-876 kgm-3) e viscosidade cinemática (3,76-3,93 mm2s-1). / The objective of this work was to synthesize magnetic matrices for immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia lipase to be used in the synthesis of alkyl esters. Two methods for the synthesis of the magnetic composites dispersed in silica matrices were tested: a) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) coating with Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 and b) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) synthesized with incorporation of Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3. The matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) and the composite Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles were used as controls. The morphological and textural characteristics of the magnetic and nonmagnetic matrices were determined by analysis of pore size (BET), scanning electron microscopy (MEV), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IV). The magnitete (Fe3O4) and maghmitite (?Fe2O3) particles showed super paramagnetic behavior. The lipase B. cepacia was immobilized in the matrices (magnetized and non-magnetized) by physical adsorption and covalent attachment and the similar immobilization yields obtained suggest that the iron particles did not affect the enzyme-support interaction. However, the determined kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) indicated that the lipase immobilized in both magnetized SiO2-PVA matrices had lower affinity for the substrate. The Km and Vmax values determined for free lipase (Km = 400 ± 32 mM and Vmax =16019 ± 749 Ug-1), showed that independely of the immobilization support the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate was reduced by 50%. The immobilized derivatives prepared by covalent attachment were used to mediate the transesterification reactions of coconut oil by ethanolysis route. All immobilized derivatives were efficient in the ethanolysis of coconut oil attaining total conversion to ethyl esters in 72 hours, with the exception of the immobilized lipase on Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles, which provided total conversion in 96 h, probably due to the negative influence of the iron particles on the enzyme. The purified product samples (biodiesel) were essentially odorless and translucent appearance. The purity of the ethyl esters was high. In addition, other properties such as density (873-876 kg m-3) and viscosity (3.76-3.93 mm2 s-1) meet the specifications required by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) to be used as a biofuel.

O presente projeto teve como objetivo sintetizar matrizes magnetizadas para imobilização da lipase de Burkholderia cepacia para aplicação na síntese de ésteres alquilicos. Foram testadas duas metodologias para síntese de compósitos formados por óxidos magnéticos dispersos em matriz de sílica, a saber: a) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) dopada com Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 e b) matriz polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) sintetizada com incorporação de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3. As matrizes polissiloxano-álcool polivinílico (SiO2-PVA) e partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3 foram usadas como controles. As características texturais e morfológicas das matrizes magnéticas e não magnética foram determinadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difratograma de raios-X, espectroscopia no infravermelho (IV) e análise de tamanho de poros (BET). As partículas de magnetita (Fe3O4) e maghemita (?Fe2O3) apresentaram comportamento superparamagnético. A lipase de B. cepacia foi imobilizada nas quatro matrizes (magnetizada e não magnetizada) por adsorção física e ligação covalente e os rendimentos de imobilização similares obtidos sugerem que as partículas de ferro não interferiram na interação enzima-suporte. Entretanto, os parâmetros cinéticos (Km e Vmax) determinados indicaram que a lipase imobilizada nos suportes magnetizados tem menor afinidade pelo substrato. Os valores determinados de Km e Vmax da lipase de B. cepacia na forma livre (Km = 400 ± 32 mM e Vmax = 16019 ± 749 Ug-1) mostraram que independente do suporte a imobilização reduziu aproximadamente 50% da afinidade da enzima pelo substrato. Os derivados imobilizados obtidos por ligação covalente foram selecionados para mediar reações de transesterificação do óleo de coco pela rota etanólica e demonstraram eficiente desempenho, fornecendo conversões praticamente totais em ésteres de etila entre 72-96h. A menor velocidade de reação foi verificada para a lipase imobilizada em partículas de Fe3O4 e ?Fe2O3, provavelmente devido à interferência negativa do óxido de ferro que reduziu a afinidade da enzima pelo substrato, corroborando com os parâmetros cinéticos Km e Vmax. As amostras purificadas apresentaram propriedades que atendem às especificações exigidas pela Agência Nacional de Petróleo (ANP) para uso como biocombustível, incluindo: pureza elevada em ésteres etílicos (mínimo 96%), densidade (873-876 kgm-3) e viscosidade cinemática (3,76-3,93 mm2s-1). / The objective of this work was to synthesize magnetic matrices for immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia lipase to be used in the synthesis of alkyl esters. Two methods for the synthesis of the magnetic composites dispersed in silica matrices were tested: a) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) coating with Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 and b) matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) synthesized with incorporation of Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3. The matrix polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (SiO2-PVA) and the composite Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles were used as controls. The morphological and textural characteristics of the magnetic and nonmagnetic matrices were determined by analysis of pore size (BET), scanning electron microscopy (MEV), X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy (IV). The magnitete (Fe3O4) and maghmitite (?Fe2O3) particles showed super paramagnetic behavior. The lipase B. cepacia was immobilized in the matrices (magnetized and non-magnetized) by physical adsorption and covalent attachment and the similar immobilization yields obtained suggest that the iron particles did not affect the enzyme-support interaction. However, the determined kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) indicated that the lipase immobilized in both magnetized SiO2-PVA matrices had lower affinity for the substrate. The Km and Vmax values determined for free lipase (Km = 400 ± 32 mM and Vmax =16019 ± 749 Ug-1), showed that independely of the immobilization support the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate was reduced by 50%. The immobilized derivatives prepared by covalent attachment were used to mediate the transesterification reactions of coconut oil by ethanolysis route. All immobilized derivatives were efficient in the ethanolysis of coconut oil attaining total conversion to ethyl esters in 72 hours, with the exception of the immobilized lipase on Fe3O4 and ?Fe2O3 particles, which provided total conversion in 96 h, probably due to the negative influence of the iron particles on the enzyme. The purified product samples (biodiesel) were essentially odorless and translucent appearance. The purity of the ethyl esters was high. In addition, other properties such as density (873-876 kg m-3) and viscosity (3.76-3.93 mm2 s-1) meet the specifications required by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) to be used as a biofuel.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Victoria University of Wellington, [2008] / Includes bibliographical references.

Typescript. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1938. Bibliography: leaves 150-158.

Typescript. Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii, 1951. Bibliography: leaves [98]-103.