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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

The effect of red palm oil supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet and a high saturated fat diet on ischaemia/perfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart

Bester, Dirk Jacobus January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006 / Research has shown that the activation of the NO-cGMP pathway leads to myocardial protection from oxidative stress conditions, such as ischaemia and reperfusion. Few of these studies have however combined diet induced oxidative stress with ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Although little is known about the effects of supplements such as red palm oil (RPO) on the NO-cGMP pathway, research has shown that dietary RPO-supplementation improved reperfusion aortic output recovery through mechanisms that may include activation of the NO-cGMP- and inhibition of the cAMP pathway. RPO is an antioxidant-rich oil containing ~carotene and Vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols). The aims of this study were to determine: 1) whether RPO-supplementation of an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) and a high saturated fat diet (HFD) offers protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury in the isolated perfused rat heart and 2) the possible mechanisms for this protection. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups for a period of 14 weeks according to the dietary supplementation they received. The control groups received either an oxidative risk induced diet (ORD) or a high saturated fat diet (HFD), while the experimental groups received an ORD supplemented with RPO (ORD+RPO) or a HFD supplemented with RPO (HFD+RPO).
12

Jersey Calf Performance in Response to High Protein, High Fat Liquid Feeds with Varied Fatty Acid Profiles

Bowen, Whitney Savannah 19 December 2011 (has links)
No description available.
13

Élévation aigüe de la cétonémie : effets cétogènes de produits alimentaires dérivés de l’huile de noix de coco et influence d’une combinaison avec de l’exercice de type aérobie / Acute plasma ketone stimulation : ketogenic effects of products derived from coconut oil and influence of a combination with aerobic exercise

Vandenberghe, Camille January 2017 (has links)
Depuis maintenant plus de 30 ans, il est reconnu qu’au début de la maladie d’Alzheimer, le cerveau utilise moins bien le glucose, son principal carburant. Cependant, ce problème énergétique précoce dans la maladie semblerait limité au glucose et ne concernerait pas un autre carburant, celui-ci dérivé des gras, les cétones. Ces dernières sont produites par le corps après un exercice physique d’intensité modérée. Leur production est également stimulée avec la prise de suppléments alimentaires à base d’huile de noix de coco, un aliment riche en triglycérides de moyennes chaînes (MCT). La capture des cétones au cerveau augmente proportionnellement à leur concentration plasmatique. Ainsi, des conditions élevant la cétonémie augmentent aussi la capture cérébrale des cétones. Par conséquent, l’élévation de l’apport en cétones pourrait constituer une approche novatrice qui permettrait de potentiellement ralentir le développement de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Notre objectif général était d’optimiser le type de supplément MCT à utiliser afin d’élever la cétonémie de manière aigüe et, en second lieu, d’employer ce dernier en combinaison avec une seconde stratégie cétogène, l’exercice physique de type aérobie (EA). Lors de la première phase de ce projet, l’effet cétogène de différents produits alimentaires dérivant de l’huile de noix de coco (acide caprylique [C8], acide caproïque [C10], mélange de MCT typique [C8+C10]) était comparé chez 9 participants jeunes sains. Des échantillons sanguins étaient récoltés toutes les 30 min pendant 8 h. Lors de la seconde phase, le potentiel cétogène de la combinaison d’EA à une supplémentation MCT était évalué chez 10 femmes âgées saines pendant 5 jours. Les cétones plasmatiques sous ces différentes conditions étaient mesurées. Lors de cette étude, le C8 était le produit le plus cétogène testé suivi du supplément C8+C10. L’huile de noix de coco n’a pas induit une cétonémie plus élevée qu’un 8 h sans MCT. De plus, l’ajout de 5 jours d’EA a potentialisé la cétonémie observée suite à la prise de MCT C8+C10 seul. Ainsi, la combinaison de stratégies cétogènes, tant au niveau de la diversité des molécules utilisées ou des stratégies cétogènes employées, permet d’augmenter la présence de cétones dans le sang. / Abstract : Brain glucose consumption deteriorates with age, a situation that worsens with the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, this early energy problem in the disease is limited to glucose and does not affect brain ketone uptake. Ketones are the main alternative fuel for the brain when glucose concentrations are decreased. They are produced endogenously after moderate aerobic exercise (AE) or with a medium chain triglyceride (MCT) exogenous supplement. Ketone brain uptake increases in proportion to their plasma concentration. Thus, providing a daily ketogenic fuel could help support brain energy needs during aging. Our aim was to optimize the type of MCT to use in a ketogenic supplementation and to combine this supplement with another ketogenic strategy, AE. In the first phase of this project, the acute ketogenic effect of products derived from coconut oil was compared. Nine healthy adults took various MCT supplements (coconut oil, caprylic acid [C8], capric acid [C10], classic MCT mix [C8+C10]). Blood was sampled every 30 min over 8 h. In the second phase, we evaluated the acute ketogenic potential of the combination of AE and MCT supplementation. Ten healthy older women took C8+C10 MCT supplement for 5 days combined with a 5-days AE program. Automated spectrophotometric assays where used to measure plasma ketones under these different conditions. Our results show that in this 8 h experimental design, C8 was the most ketogenic MCT followed by C8+C10. Coconut oil alone did not induce more net ketosis than an 8 h visit with no added MCT. Furthermore, the combination of AE and MCT supplementation enhanced the ketogenic response over 4 h compared to the control day. Thus, the combination of ketogenic strategies, both in terms of the diversity of the molecules or the ketogenic strategy employed, makes it possible to increase the presence of ketones in the blood.
14

Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina / Effect of the ketogenic diet based on coconut oil upon seizures of rats with epilepsy induced by pilocarpine

Rêgo, Elisabete da Silva Mendonça 20 April 2011 (has links)
Epilepsy is a chronic disturbance of brain function characterized by the presence of recurrent and spontaneous seizures, making one of the most frequent and severe neurological diseases, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, mainly children. Among these, 40% had antiepileptic drug refractory seizures. Non-drug options as surgery, vagus nerve stimulation and the ketogenic diet are timely. This diet, used since 1921 in treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy is characterized by a high concentration of lipids and often by low concentration of carbohydrates and proteins. Traditionally, the ketogenic diet use long chain triacylglycerols (LCT), however, the medium chain triacylglycerols (MCT) are considered an alternative substrate for promoting faster ketonemia-ketonuria. The oil from coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a natural source of MCT, and is used for several purposes, including therapeutic. This dissertation aims to investigate the effects of the ketogenic diet based on coconut oil and soybean oil on epileptic seizures in rats, consists of a review chapter, entitled Drug-resistant epilepsies: an emphasis on treatment ketogenic, and an article from the results, entitled Effects of ketogenic diet based on coconut oil on the seizures of rats with epilepsy induced by pilocarpine. The article deals an experimental study conducted in Wistar rats, divided into three groups (n=10), named according to the diet received, in Control (standard diet AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (ketogenic diet based in coconut oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 7% soybean oil, 22.79% of extra virgin coconut oil and 40% margarine) and CetoTAGsoja (ketogenic diet based in soybean oil; AIN-93G diet modified to contain 29.79% of soybean oil and 40% margarine). The ratio lipid:carbohydrate+protein of ketogenic diets was 3.5:1 (control diet, 1:11.8). The experimental period lasted 19 days. The animals fed ketogenic diets showed food intake (g) below, however, dispend energetic and weight gain similar to Control group. The behavioral analysis showed that the experimental groups did not differ in frequency and duration of seizures, however, the animals in group CetoTAGcoco had shorter duration of seizures in the 19th day, that the Control group (0.00±0.00 against 22.78±2.95, respectively, P<0.05). Additionally, the CetoTAGcoco group presented lower variation of frequency and duration of seizures between the 19th and 1st day of treatment than the Control group (9.00±1.73 against 11.00±1.00, for frequency, and 20.80±12.61 against 49.14±21.15, for duration, respectively, P<0.05). The results of this study suggest a possible protective effect of ketogenic diet based on extra virgin coconut oil on seizures. That result, coupled with studies attesting to confidence and tolerance of the coconut oil, particularly in ketogenic ratios, indicating a potential benefit of this oil for control the seizures, especially for individuals with medically refractory epilepsy. / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas / A epilepsia é um disturbio crônico da função cerebral, caracterizado pela presença de crises convulsivas recorrentes e espontâneas. Trata-se de uma das mais frequentes e graves doenças neurológicas, que afeta cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas no mundo, principalmente crianças. Dentre estas, 40% apresentam crises refratárias às drogas antiepilépticas existentes. Opções não farmacológicas, como cirurgia, estimulação do nervo vago e dieta cetogênica, são oportunas. Esta dieta, utilizada desde 1921 no tratamento da epilepsia fármaco-resistente, caracteriza-se por alta concentração de lipídeos e, frequentemente, por baixa concentração de carboidratos e proteínas. Tradicionalmente, a dieta cetogênica utiliza como fonte lipídica os triacilgliceróis de cadeia longa (TCL); porém, os triacilgliceróis de cadeia média (TCM) são considerados um substrato alternativo, por promoverem cetonemia/cetonúria de forma mais rápida. O óleo proveniente do coco (Cocos nucifera L.) representa uma fonte natural de TCM, sendo utilizado para diversos fins, inclusive terapêuticos. A presente dissertação visa investigar os efeitos de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco e óleo de soja sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos epilépticos. É constituída por um capítulo de revisão, intitulado Epilepsias fármaco-resistentes: uma ênfase no tratamento cetogênico, e um artigo de resultados, intitulado Efeito de dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco sobre as crises convulsivas de ratos portadores de epilepsia induzida por pilocarpina. O artigo trata de um estudo experimental realizado com ratos Wistar, alocados em três grupos (n=10), denominados, segundo a dieta recebida, em Controle (dieta padrão AIN-93G), CetoTAGcoco (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco; AIN-93G modificada, com 7% de óleo de soja, 22,79% de óleo de coco extra-virgem e 40% de margarina) e CetoTAGsoja (dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de soja; AIN-93G modificada, com 29,79% de óleo de soja e 40% de margarina). A proporção lipídeos: carboidratos+proteína das dietas cetogênicas foi de 3,5:1 (dieta controle, 1:11,8). O período experimental totalizou 19 dias. Os animais submetidos aos tratamentos cetogênicos apresentaram consumo alimentar (g) inferior, porém, consumo energético (Kcal) e ganho de peso corporal (g) semelhantes ao grupo Controle. As análises comportamentais demonstraram que os animais dos grupos experimentais não diferiram entre si quanto à freqüência e à duração total das crises; entretanto, os animais do grupo CetoTAGCcoco tiveram menor duração média de crises no 19º dia, que o grupo Controle (0,00±0,00 contra 22,78±12,95, respectivamente; p<0,05). Adicionalmente, o grupo CetoTAGcoco apresentou valores inferiores de variação de frequência e de duração das crises entre o 19° e o 1° dia de tratamento, que o grupo Controle (9,00±1,73 contra 11,00±1,00, para freqüência, e 20,80±12,61 contra 49,14±21,15, para duração, respectivamente; p<0,05). Os resultados do presente estudo apontam para um possível efeito protetor da dieta cetogênica à base de óleo de coco extra-virgem sobre as crises convulsivas. Tais resultados, associados a estudos que atestem a confiabilidade e a tolerância do consumo de óleo de coco, particularmente em proporções cetogênicas, poderiam indicar um benefício potencial deste óleo no controle das crises convulsivas, especialmente para indivíduos portadores de epilepsia refratária a medicamentos.
15

DESENVOLVIMENTO DE FORMULAÇÕES NANOTECNOLÓGICAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DA CANDIDÍASE VULVOVAGINAL / DEVELOPMENT OF NANO-SCALE FORMULATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF VULVOVAGINAL CANDIDIASIS

Santos, Sara Saurin dos 21 August 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work aimed the preparation of clotrimazole-loaded nanocapsule suspensions for vulvovaginal fungal infections treatment. For the first time, virgin coconut oil and medium chain triglycerides were used as an oil core of polymeric nanocapsules containing clotrimazole. The analytical method for quantification of this drug into nanoparticles was developed and validated. The method proved to be selective, linear, precise, accurate and robust. Using the method of interfacial deposition of preformed polymer, the nanoparticles were successfully prepared at three different concentrations of clotrimazole (1, 2 and 3 mg/mL). The physicochemical parameters measured were pH, particle diameter, polydispersity index, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential and stability in storage during 60 days. The encapsulation efficiency was near to 100%, zeta potential was positive due to the cationic polymer employed, the pH was around 5.6 and drug contents were close to the theoretical values. The size distribution was nanometer (140-200 nm) with polydispersity index lower than 0.2. The formulations had adequate physicochemical characteristics and were stable during storage. Photodegradation studies have shown that the nanoencapsulation improved the stability of clotrimazole against UVC radiation compared to free drug solution after 14 hours of experiment. The in vitro drug release using the dialysis bag technique was characterized by a prolonged release. No burst effect was observed. Profilesare based on an anomalous transport and first order kinetics, regardless of the oil used. The in vitro microbiological test of nanocapsules suspensions was performed against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata susceptible and resistant to fluconazole by microdilution method. In combination with clotrimazole into nanoparticles, medium chain triglycerides was reported to have similar MICs of methanolic solution containing the oil and the drug. In addition to the antifungal activity in solution, coconut oil did not lose its activity after incorporation into the nanostructures and, in combination with drug, showed greater inhibition of microbial growth than the nanocapsules of medium chain triglycerides with clotrimazole. Finally nanoparticle suspensions were incorporated into hydrogels containing polymers with mucoadhesive properties, Pemulen® and Pullulan, which presented appropriate drug content, pH and spreadability. The formulations developed in this study represent promising alternatives for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. / Este trabalho objetivou a preparação de suspensões de nanocápsulas contendo clotrimazol para o tratamento de infecções fúngicas vulvovaginais. Pela primeira vez, o óleo de coco virgem e os triglicerídeos de cadeia média foram empregados como núcleo oleoso de nanocápsulas poliméricas contendo clotrimazol. A metodologia analítica para a quantificação do fármaco nas nanopartículas foi desenvolvida e validada. O método mostrou-se seletivo, linear, preciso, exato e robusto. A partir do método de deposição interfacial do polímero pré-formado, as nanopartículas foram preparadas com sucesso em três concentrações diferentes de clotrimazol (1, 2 e 3 mg/mL). Os parâmetros físico-químicos avaliados foram pH, diâmetro de partícula, índice de polidispersão, teor, eficiência de encapsulamento, potencial zeta e estabilidade frente ao armazenamento por 60 dias. A eficiência de encapsulamento foi próxima a 100%, o valor do potencial zeta foi positivo devido ao polímero catiônico empregado, valor de pH em torno de 5,6 e teores de fármaco próximos aos teóricos. A distribuição de tamanho foi nanométrica (140-200 nm), com índice de polidispersão menor que 0,2. As formulações apresentaram características físico-químicas adequadas e foram estáveis durante o armazenamento. Estudos de fotodegradação mostraram que o nanoencapsulamento melhorou a estabilidade do clotrimazol sob radiação UVC, em comparação com a solução do fármaco livre, após 14 horas de experimento. A liberação do fármaco in vitro, a partir da técnica de sacos de diálise, foi caracterizada como uma liberação prolongada sem efeito burst, que foi mediada por transporte anômalo e seguiu cinética de primeira ordem, independente do óleo utilizado. As suspensões foram capazes de diminuir a velocidade de liberação do clotrimazol nas 24 horas de experimento. A partir do método de microdiluição, procedeu-se a avaliação microbiológica in vitro das suspensões de nanocápsulas contra Candida albicans e Candida glabrata sensíveis e resistentes ao fluconazol. Em combinação com o clotrimazol nas nanopartículas, os triglicerídeos de cadeia média apresentaram valores de CIMs semelhantes à solução metanólica contendo o óleo e o fármaco. Além de apresentar atividade antifúngica em solução, o óleo de coco não perdeu sua atividade após a incorporação na nanoestrutura e, em associação com o fármaco, apresentou maior inibição do crescimento microbiano do que as nanocápsulas de triglicerídeos de cadeia média com clotrimazol. Por fim, as suspensões nanoparticuladas foram incorporadas em hidrogéis contendo polímeros com propriedades mucoadesivas, Pemulen® e Pullulan, que apresentaram teor, pH e espalhabilidade adequados. As formulações desenvolvidas neste estudo representam alternativas promissoras para o tratamento da candidíase vulvovaginal.
16

Effect of a Coconut Oil Supplement (2g/d) on Total Cholesterol to HDL Cholesterol Ratio in Healthy Adults

January 2017 (has links)
abstract: There are limited studies exploring the direct relationship between coconut oil and cholesterol concentrations. Research in animals and a few intervention trials suggest that coconut oil increases the good cholesterol (high density lipoprotein, HDL) and thus reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Preliminary research at Arizona State University (ASU) has found similar results using coconut oil as a placebo, positive changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations were observed. The goal of this randomized, double blind, parallel two arm study, was to further examine the beneficial effects of a 2g supplement of coconut oil taken each day for 8 weeks on cholesterol concentrations, specifically the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, compared to placebo. Forty-two healthy adults between 18-40 years of age, exercising less than 150 minutes each week, non smoking, BMI between 22-35 and not taking any medications that could effect blood lipids were recruited from the ListServs at ASU. Participants were randomized to receive either a placebo capsule of flour or a coconut oil capsule (Puritan’s Pride brand, coconut oil softgels, 2g each) and instructed to take the capsules for 8 weeks. Results indicated no significant change in total cholesterol to HDL ratio between baseline and 8 weeks in the coconut oil and placebo groups (p=0.369), no significant change in HDL (p=0.648), no change in LDL (p=0.247), no change in total cholesterol (p=0.216), and no change in triglycerides (p=0.369). Blood lipid concentrations were not significantly altered by a 2g/day dosage of coconut oil over the course of 8 weeks in healthy adults, and specifically the total cholesterol to HDL ratio did not change or improve. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2017
17

Óleo de coco virgem reduz o estresse oxidativo e melhora a sensibilidade do barorreflexo quando associado ao treinamento físico em ratos hipertensos / Virgin Coconut oil reduces oxidative stress and improves baroreflex sensitivity when combined with exercise training in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Alves, Naiane Ferraz Bandeira 10 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-03-21T15:00:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5385104 bytes, checksum: 7478e30f306c97b371a5c28d9be101d2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-21T15:00:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5385104 bytes, checksum: 7478e30f306c97b371a5c28d9be101d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / The hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was tested. Furthermore, the effects caused by lauric acid (LA) on oxidative stress and cardiovascular parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were evaluated. In the first stage of the study, SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were used and divided in five groups: WKY + saline (n = 8); SHR + saline (n = 8); SHR + coconut oil (2 mL·day -1, n = 8); SHR + training (n = 8); and SHR + training + coconut oil (n = 8). The swimming protocol under 4% body weight workload lasted 60 minutes. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and BRS was tested using phenylephrine (8 μg.kg-1, iv) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg-1, iv). Oxidative stress was measured using dihydroethidium by microscopy fluorescence in tissue sections from heart and aorta samples. SHR + coconut oil, SHR + training and SHR + training + coconut oil groups presented lower MAP compared to SHR + saline (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg, P < 0.05). Coconut oil combined with exercise training improved BRS in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (-2.47 ± 0.3 vs. -1.39 ± 0.09 ± bpm-1·min-1·mmHg, p <0.05). SHR + saline group showed higher superoxide levels when compared with WKY + saline (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 arbitrary units (AU), respectively; p <0.05). SHR + training + coconut oil group presented a reduction in oxidative stress compared with SHR + saline in heart (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 AU, p <0.05). Moreover, coconut oil reduced oxidative stress in SHR compared with SHR + saline in aorta (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 AU, p <0.05). In the second stage of thestudy, LA reduced blood pressure at 3, 4, 8 and 10 mg/kg doses compared with vehicle (-41±9.4;-41±6;-51.7±8.1;-61±11 vs. -1,3±0.4 mmHg, n = 6). LA (10-8 to 3x10-3M) induced vasorelaxation in isolated cranial mesenteric artery rings in the presence or absence of functional endothelium (Emax=104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax= 103,5 3,7 pD2 = 3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectively). LA (10-3 M) reduced superoxide levels similar to Tempol, a superoxide anion scavenger, compared to tissue containing only NADPH oxidase in the heart (18.1 ± 0.7; 9.5 ± 0.3 vs. 25.3 ± 0.4 UML / min / ug protein, respectively) and kidney (81.9 ± 2.8, 79 ± 1.3, 99 ± 4.3 vs. UML / min / ug protein, respectively). In conclusion, coconut oil combined with exercise training reduced oxidative stress and improved BRS in SHR. Those effects seem to be, at least in part, to its major component (Lauric acid). / Testamos a hipótese de que a suplementação com óleo de coco virgem (OCV) associada ao treinamento físico é capaz de melhorar a sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR) e de reduzir o estresse oxidativo (EO). Além disso, os efeitos promovidos pelo ácido láurico (AL), um dos constituintes majoritários do OCV, nos parâmetros cardiovasculares e EO em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) também foram testados. Na primeira etapa do estudo utilizamos animais SHR e Wistar Kyoto (WKY) adultos, divididos em cinco grupos: WKY + salina (n = 8); SHR + salina (n = 8); SHR + óleo de coco (2 mL·dia-1, n = 8); SHR + treinamento (n = 8); e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco (n = 8). O protocolo de natação teve duração de 60 minutos e sobrecarga de 4% da massa corporal dos animais. A pressão arterial média (PAM) foi registrada e a SBR foi testada usando fenilefrina (8 μg.kg-1, i.v) e nitroprussiato de sódio (25 μg·kg-1, i.v). O EO foi quantificado utilizando dihidroetídio por microscopia de fluorescência no coração e aorta. Os grupos SHR + Óleo de coco, SHR+ treinamento e SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentaram menores níveis de PAM, comparado ao grupo SHR + salina (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mmHg; p <0,05). O OCV associado ao treinamento físico melhorou a SBR em SHR em comparação com o grupo SHR + salina (-2,47 ± 0,3 vs. -1,39 ± 0,09 bpm·min-1·mmHg-1; p<0,05). O grupo SHR + salina apresentou níveis elevados de superóxido, quando comparados com WKY + salina (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 unidades arbitrárias (u.a), respectivamente; p <0,05). O grupo SHR + treinamento + óleo de coco apresentou redução do EO em comparação com SHR + salina no coração (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 u.a, p <0,05). Em tecidos de aorta, o óleo de coco reduziu o EO em SHR em comparação com SHR + salina (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 u.a, p <0,05). Na segunda etapa do trabalho, observamos que o AL promoveu hipotensão a partir das doses de 3, 4, 8 e 10 mg/kg, quando comparado com o veículo (-41 ± 9,4; -41±6; -51,7 ± 8,1; -61 ± 11 vs. -1,3 ± 0,4 mmHg; n=6, respectivamente). O AL (10-8 a 3x10-3 M) induziu vasorrelaxamento em anéis de artéria mesentérica cranial isolada de SHR, na presença ou na ausência do endotélio funcional (Emax = 104,1 ± 2,8% e pD2= 4,1 ± 1,4; n=7 vs. Emax =103,5 3,7 pD2=3,3 ± 0,5; n=8, respectivamente). O AL (10-3 M) reduziu a produção de ânion superóxido no tecido cardíaco e renal respectivamente, quando comparados com tecidos apenas na presença de NADPH oxidase, (18,1 ± 0,7; 9,5 ± 0,3 vs. 25,3 ± 0,4 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente) e (81,9 ± 2,8; 79 ± 1,3; vs. 99 ± 4,3 UML/min/μg proteína, respectivamente). Concluímos que a suplementação com OCV associada ao treinamento físico reduziu o EO e melhorou a SBR que estava reduzida durante a hipertensão arterial. Além disso, os efeitos benéficos do OCV alcançados parecem ser oriundos do AL presente no óleo vegetal.
18

Utiliza??o de uma coluna de flota??o para remo??o de compostos org?nicos da ?gua de produ??o

Lima, L?da Maria Oliveira de 21 December 2009 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LedaMOL_TESE.pdf: 3658937 bytes, checksum: 6ad7dbe6b2ec8a6f89d9264905ef89b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-21 / Innovative technologies using surfactant materials have applicability in several industrial fields, including petroleum and gas areas. This study seeks to investigate the use of a surfactant derived from coconut oil (SCO saponified coconut oil) in the recovery process of organic compounds that are present in oily effluents from petroleum industry. For this end, experiments were accomplished in a column of small dimension objectifying to verify the influence of the surfactant SCO in the efficiency of oil removal. This way, they were prepared emulsions with amount it fastens of oil (50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm), being determined the great concentrations of surfactant for each one of them. Some rehearsals were still accomplished with produced water of the industry of the petroleum to compare the result with the one of the emulsions. According to the experiments, it was verified that an increase of the surfactant concentration does not implicate in a greater oil removal. The separation process use gaseous bubbles formed when a gas stream pass a liquid column, when low surfactant concentrations are used, it occurs the coalescence of the dispersed oil droplets and their transport to the top of the column, forming a new continuous phase. Such surfactants lead to a gas-liquid interface saturation, depending on the used surfactant concentration, affecting the flotation process and influencing in the removal capacity of the oily dispersed phase. A porous plate filter, with pore size varying from 40 to 250 mm, was placed at the base of the column to allow a hydrodynamic stable operation. During the experimental procedures, the operating volume of phase liquid was held constant and the rate of air flow varied in each experiment. The resulting experimental of the study hydrodynamic demonstrated what the capturing of the oil was influenced by diameter of the bubbles and air flow. With the increase flow of 300 about to 900 cm3.min-1, occurred an increase in the removal of oil phase of 44% about to 66% and the removal kinetic of oil was defined as a reaction of 1? order / Tecnologias inovadoras que usam materiais tensoativos t?m aplicabilidade em v?rios campos industriais, dentre eles petr?leo e g?s natural. Este estudo busca investigar o uso de um tensoativo, derivado de ?leo de coco (OCS - ?leo de coco saponificado), no processo de recupera??o de compostos org?nicos presentes em efluentes oleosos da ind?stria de petr?leo. Para este fim, foram realizados experimentos em uma coluna de bancada objetivando verificar a influ?ncia do tensoativo OCS na efici?ncia de remo??o de ?leo. Desta forma, foram preparadas emuls?es com quantidades fixas de ?leo (50, 100, 200 e 400 ppm), determinandose a concentra??o ?tima de tensoativo para cada uma delas. Foram, tamb?m, realizados alguns ensaios com ?gua de produ??o da ind?stria de petr?leo, visando comparar o resultado com o das emuls?es. O processo de separa??o consiste no uso de bolhas gasosas formadas quando um fluxo de g?s passa em uma coluna l?quida, com concentra??es de tensoativo, ocorrendo a coalesc?ncia das gotas de ?leo dispersas e, consequentemente, o transporte delas ao topo da coluna, formando uma nova fase oleosa cont?nua. O processo fundamenta-se na satura??o de tensoativo na interface g?s-l?quido, dependendo da concentra??o de tensoativo usada, resultando na flota??o da fase ?leo dispersa. Um filtro de prato poroso, com tamanho de poro que varia de 40 a 250 &#956;m, foi colocado ? base da coluna para permitir uma opera??o hidrodin?mica est?vel. Durante os procedimentos experimentais, o volume operacional da fase l?quida foi mantido constante e a taxa de fluxo de ar variada em cada experimento. Os resultados experimentais do estudo hidrodin?mico demonstraram que a captura do ?leo foi influenciada pelos di?metros das bolhas e vaz?es de ar. Com o aumento da vaz?o de 300 para 900 cm3.min-1, ocorreu um aumento de remo??o da fase ?leo de 44% para 66% e a cin?tica de remo??o do ?leo foi definida como uma rea??o de 1? ordem
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Óleos vegetais como novos coestabilizadores para reações de polimerização em miniemulsão / Vegetable oils as new co-stabilizers for miniemulsion polymerization reactions

Bigon, Joice Palma, 1989- 27 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Liliane Maria Ferrareso Lona / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bigon_JoicePalma_M.pdf: 3554482 bytes, checksum: 613d2feb1ca89033c773d6e4555ce420 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O estudo das nanocápsulas poliméricas tem crescido significativamente nas últimas décadas em diversas áreas, pois estas permitem a encapsulação de materiais com diferentes princípios ativos, contribuindo com uma ampla variedade de funções que vão desde a liberação controlada de medicamentos e perfumes até a melhora na retenção de pigmentos de tintas para impressão. Uma das técnicas que tem sido utilizada para a síntese das nanocápsulas poliméricas é a polimerização em miniemulsão, que apresenta como uma de suas vantagens a praticidade de se poder utilizar um iniciador organossolúvel ou hidrossolúvel, bem como obter as nanocápsulas poliméricas com um alto grau de eficiência em apenas uma única etapa. Além disso, a polimerização em miniemulsão é conduzida em água, sendo um importante fator quando relacionado ao aspecto ambiental. Entretanto, para se obter uma polimerização em miniemulsão estável, é necessária a adição de um coestabilizador. Muitos artigos na literatura apresentam o hexadecano como um coestabilizador eficiente, uma vez que ele apresenta baixa massa molar e é insolúvel em água. Entretanto, a aplicabilidade das nanocápsulas pode ser aumentada quando materiais biodegradáveis e biocompatíveis são usados. Por isso, neste trabalho foi proposto o estudo de três óleos vegetais (coco, argan e jojoba) como novos coestabilizadores para reações de polimerização em miniemulsão. O óleo de coco é constituído principalmente de ácido láurico, e possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias. O óleo de jojoba é formado principalmente de ésteres, e assim como o óleo de coco, possui propriedades anti-inflamatórias, entre outras. Já o óleo de argan é constituiído principalmente de ácido oleico e linoleico, e possui propriedades muito benéficas para a pele e cabelo. Para as reações de polimerizaçãoem miniemulsão, foi utilizado o iniciador organossolúvel 2,2¿-azobis-isobutironitrila, o monômero metacrilato de metila e o lauril sulfato de sódio como surfactante. Diferentemente da literatura estudada, a polimerização foi realizada em reator tanque agitado de 1 litro de capacidade, e foram estudados os efeitos dos óleos vegetais como coestabilizador na polimerização em miniemulsão de metacrilato de metila. Além disso, foi estudada a distribuição da massa molar, a cinética da reação, a temperatura de transição vítrea bem como o tamanho médio das nanocápsulas poliméricas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que todos os óleos vegetais atuam como eficientes coestabilizadores, prevenindo o sistema da degradação difusional e da coalescência das gotas / Abstract: The study of polymeric nanocapsules has grown significantly in recent decades in many areas, as they enable the encapsulation of materials with different active ingredients, contributing to a wide variety of functions ranging from the controlled release of drugs and perfumes to the improvement in retention paint pigments for printing. One of the techniques that has been used for the synthesis of polymeric nanocapsules is the miniemulsion polymerization, presenting as one of its advantages the convenience of being able to use either a water or oil soluble initiator, and to obtain the nanocapsules with a high efficiency degree in only one step. Furthermore, miniemulsion polymerization is conducted in water, being an important factor when relating to the environmental aspect. However, to obtain a stable miniemulsion polymerization, adding a co-stabilizer is required. Many articles in the literature cited hexadecane as an efficient co-stabilizer, since it presents low molar mass and it is insoluble in water. However, the applicability of the nanocapsules can be increased when biodegradable and biocompatible materials are used. Therefore, this study proposed the study of three vegetable oils (coconut, argan and jojoba) as new co-stabilizers for polymerization miniemulsion reactions. The coconut oil is composed primarily of lauric acid, and it has anti-inflammatory properties. Jojoba oil is composed primarily of esters, and as coconut oil, presents anti-inflammatory properties, among others. Argan oil is composed mainly of oleic and linoleic acid and it has very beneficial properties for skin and hair. For miniemulsion polymerization reactions, it was used the oil soluble initiator 2¿2-azobisisobutyronitrile, the monomer methyl methacrylate and sodium lauryl sulfate as surfactant. Different from other studies, the polymerization was conducted in stirred tank reactor of 1 liter of capacity, and the effect of the vegetable oils acting as co-stabilizer in the methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization was studied. In addition, the molar mass distribution, the kinetics of the reaction, the glass transition temperature and the average size of the polymeric nanocapsules were studied. It was concluded that the vegetable oils act in the stability of the miniemulsion polymerization, preventing the system from diffusion of monomers and coalescence / Mestrado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos / Mestra em Engenharia Química
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Efeito da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem sobre parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais de ratos com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria / Effects of extra virgin coconut oil on the clinical and laboratotial parameters in rats with cafeteria diet-induced obesity

Caleiro, Eliana Miranda 22 March 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELIANA CALEIRO.pdf: 253117 bytes, checksum: 0eda751d2cc1aabee05828e353b87704 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-22 / This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation effects of extra virgin coconut oil (EVCO) on lipid parameters, weight, and body fat deposit of male and female rats with obesity induced by cafeteria diet. Were studied 48 rats divided into 3 groups (8 males and 8 females): CONTROL group: fed with commercial ration; OBESE Group: fed with cafeteria diet or palatable hyperlipidic diet (PHD); OBESE+COCO Group: PHD and supplemented with EVCO. The animals were weighed weekly, and in weeks 5 and 12 were assessed measures of body length and girth. After 12 weeks blood was collected for determination of total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), triglycerides (TG), collection and weighing the retroperitoneal and scrotal fat.It was noted that different effects were observed in obese and supplemented males and females. Females in OBESE group had significant elevation of total cholesterol, effect not attenuated by supplementation with EVCO. In TG, oil supplementation has proved beneficial, causing a reduction in serum levels in males and females. In the OBESE group, marked increase in LDL in females, and slightly increased in males were observed, and the supplementation with EVCO was more effective in lowering LDL in males than in females. In relation to HDL, the OBESE group revealed decrease in males but not in females, while in the OBESE + COCO group increased HDL occurred for both genders. The CONTROL and OBESE+COCO groups showed weight gain starting in the fourth and sixth weeks in males and females, respectively, while the OBESE group had won the starting third week in males and at the sixth week in females. Males had weights higher than females at twelve weeks evaluated. In weighing the retroperitoneal fat was observed lower values in CONTROL group, males showed higher values for females of all groups. The scrotal fat weight in the OBESE+COCO group was superior to CONTROL, and as well as circumference. In conclusion, the EVCO supplementation inobese rats showed lipid-lowering effects, mainly in males. However, the practice was not effective in reducing body weight in both genders, and promotes greater accumulation of abdominal fat in males, a risk factor for heart disease. Therefore, when performing EVCO supplementation should be considered where the desired benefit, gender and the possible effects that this supplement can produce. / Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da suplementação do óleo de coco extra virgem (OCEV) sobre os parâmetros lipídicos, peso, medidas e depósito de gordura corporal de ratos machos e fêmeas com obesidade induzida por dieta de cafeteria. Foram estudados 48 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos (8 machos e 8 fêmeas): Grupo CONTROLE: alimentados com ração comercial; Grupo OBESO: alimentados com dieta de cafeteria ou palatável hiperlipídica (DPH); Grupo OBESO+COCO: alimentados com DPH e suplementados com OCEV. Os animais foram pesados a cada 7 dias, e nas semanas 5 e 12 foram aferidas medidas de cintura corporal. Após 12 semanas foi realizada coleta de sangue para determinação do colesterol total e frações (HDL e LDL), triglicérides (TG) e glicose, bem como coleta e pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal e escrotal nos machos. Tanto a obesidade, quanto a suplementação do OCEV, produziram diferentes efeitos em machos e fêmeas. Fêmeas do grupo OBESO apresentaram importante elevação do colesterol total, efeito não atenuado pela suplementação com OCEV. No TG, a suplementação do óleo revelou-se benéfica, causando redução dos níveis séricos em machos e fêmeas. No grupo OBESO houve acentuado aumento do LDL nas fêmeas, e discreto aumento em machos, sendo que a suplementação com OCEV foi mais eficaz na redução do LDL em machos que em fêmeas. Em relação ao HDL, o grupo OBESO apresentou redução em machos, mas não em fêmeas, enquanto no grupo OBESO+COCO houve aumento do HDL para os dois gêneros. Os grupos CONTROLE e OBESO+COCO apresentaram ganho de peso a partir da quarta e sexta semanas do estudo em machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, enquanto o grupo OBESO apresentou ganho a partir da terceira semana nos machos e sexta semana nas fêmeas. Os machos tiveram pesos superiores aos das fêmeas nas 12 semanas avaliadas. Na pesagem da gordura retroperitoneal observou-se valores inferiores no grupo CONTROLE, e os machos apresentaram valores superiores ao das fêmeas de todos os grupos. O peso da gordura escrotal no grupo OBESO+COCO foi superior ao CONTROLE, assim como a circunferência abdominal. Conclui-se que a suplementação do OCEV em ratos obesos demonstrou efeitos hipolipemiantes, predominantemente em machos. Entretanto, a prática não foi eficaz em reduzir o peso corporal em ambos os gêneros, além de promover maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal em machos, fator de risco para doenças do coração. Portanto, ao realizar suplementação com OCEV deve-se considerar qual o benefício desejado, o gênero e os possíveis efeitos que este suplemento pode produzir.

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