[pt] A colaboração entre stakeholders em operações humanitárias e de desastres é relevante pela sua capacidade de reduzir custos e aumentar a velocidade das operações de resposta que minimizam o impacto e sofrimento da população. Assim, a tese visa propor um framework integrado para discutir estratégias de colaboração na resposta a desastres, o qual é composto pela identificação dos principais stakeholders, seus desejos e necessidades, e os processos de resposta a desastres. O primeiro modelo se refere à representação dos 10 principais stakeholders, a saber: governo, militar, legislativo e regulatório, setor privado, fornecedor direto, mídia, rede de ajuda local, doador, rede de ajuda internacional, e beneficiário. O segundo resultado se refere ao detalhamento das satisfações desses stakeholders, além das satisfações partilhadas por grande parte deles. O terceiro modelo se refere aos processos de resposta a desastres detalhados em 10 processos de nível 1 e 74 processos de nível 2. O framework integrado combina as sínteses de cada uma das três revisões sistemáticas da literatura anteriores, tendo a dimensão de estratégia como central para a discussão da colaboração, e utilizado como referência em um estudo de caso a fim de conferir validade externa ao framework. O estudo de caso toma a perspectiva do stakeholder militar, comparando o referencial teórico com a resposta aos deslizamentos da Região Serrana do Rio de Janeiro em 2011 e com a situação atual de resposta a desastres de um simulado realizado em 2017. Os resultados contribuem com a classificação da literatura existente, sínteses e proposição de modelos, e uma agenda de pesquisa. Por fim, sugere-se como pesquisas futuras a extensão da pesquisa para os estágios de mitigação, preparação e recuperação, e a ampliação da validade externa do framework. / [en] The collaboration between stakeholders in disaster and humanitarian operations is relevant due to their ability to reduce costs and increase the speed of response operations that minimize the impact and suffering of the population. Thus, the thesis aims to propose an integrated framework to discuss strategies of collaboration in the disaster response, which is composed of the identification of the main stakeholders, their wants and needs, and the disaster response processes. The first model refers to the representation of the 10 main stakeholders, namely: government, military, legislative and regulatory, private sector, direct supplier, media, local aid network, donor, international aid network, and beneficiary. The second result refers to the detailing the satisfaction of these stakeholders, as well as the satisfactions shared by most them. The third model refers to disaster response processes detailed in 10 processes of level 1 and 74 processes of level 2. The integrated framework combines the three syntheses from each of the previous systematic literature reviews, having the strategy as central dimension for the discussion of collaboration, and used as reference in a case study in order to give external validity to the framework. The case study takes the perspective of the Military stakeholder, comparing the theoretical reference with the response to the landslides of the Mountain Region of Rio de Janeiro state in 2011 and the current situation of response to disasters from a simulation carried out in 2017. The results contribute to the classification of existing literature, synthesis and proposition of models, and a research agenda. Finally, it is suggested as future research the extension to the stages of mitigation, preparation and recovery, and the extension of the external validity of the framework.

This thesis explores the cultural considerations American technical communicators must address when working with French colleagues and when creating technical documentation for French audiences. A review of the literature on intercultural communication theory was conducted, along with a review of the limited research on technical communication in France and the needs of French audiences. A qualitative online survey of French technical communicators was also conducted. Through this survey, French technical communicators reported on their intercultural beliefs, experiences, and practices, and information, language, and cultural needs. Survey responses were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Two main themes were developed as a result of this analysis: the importance of adapting content to French audiences, and the cultural differences between French and American information needs and communication styles. Survey findings are combined with theoretical and practical literature to offer American technical communicators guidance for successful intercultural interactions. This thesis concludes with suggestions for future practice and research in intercultural technical communication.