The aim of this study is to analyse the patterns of ancient myths that can be found in the novel Le Petit Prince by Antoine Saint-Exupery. In order to understand the culture and human behavior we will draw parallels to ancient myths and through the discovered myths in the novel, we will use the help of Carl Gustav Jung’s theory about the human psyche. The main questions are the following :  What are the patterns of ancient myths in the novel Le Petit Prince ? Do these myths carry any messages that we, as readers, can learn from ? In the introduction, a theorical backround is given which defines the concept of myth and explains briefly Jung’s theory. Our analysis shows that although myths differ from one another they all have the same roots. By this means, all characters in myths are archetypes that, according to Jung, are the same through history and in every culture. By studying the archetypes in this novel, like the divine child, Anima/Animus, the Sages etc., we are able to understand the plot more clearly. We are also aware of patterns that seem to repeat themselves through the generations. Our conclusion is that humans adapt easily to their surroundings and eventually lose their self-awareness. Therefore Saint-Exupery sends readers the message that we have to wake ourselves up to truly live our lives. Also we discovered that numerous archetypes that are present in all of myths, give us clues to self-realization, thus myths are necessary for people of all ages.

ABSTRACT This study delves into the notion of klezmer as both a link in the chain of Jewish continuity and a mirror to the multifarious variations of Jewish identification. It explores the music in relation to various events within the last century of Jewish history, such as the Jewish enlightenment movement, migration from Eastern Europe and the Holocaust, and draws on various discourses of memory and identity to frame and elucidate the music. It also proposes the theory that klezmer could indeed be an archetype, comprised of mnemonic and archetypal musical devices, that resides deep within the Jewish collective unconscious and rouses nostalgic yearnings to reclaim a cherished yet imperilled heritage. Embracing this notion of klezmer as archetype sheds light on the contemporary klezmer scene, particularly in Germany, Poland and the United States of America, and the many social, cultural and moral sensibilities that define it. Paving the way for the various avenues of Jewish, and often non-Jewish, memory work and identification klezmer not only sounds the synthesis of cultural, social and religious boundaries, but also emerges as a bastion of Jewish continuity.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo da relação homem/meio, ou sociedade/natureza através da revelação dos arquétipos que influenciam tal relação. A tese buscou verificar se as interpretações que os sujeitos fazem do ambiente (relação homem e natureza) são, em sua base, arquetípicas. Tal tese se constrói baseada no conceito de inconsciente coletivo definido por Carl Gustav Jung. Assim, o trabalho objetivou sondar os arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo que formam as opiniões e interpretações da realidade externa, notadamente na interpretação do ambiente (relação homem/meio) dos moradores de Santa Maria, RS. Buscou-se trazer à superfície as imagens arquetípicas e suas respectivas mitologias que filtram as informações do mundo fenomenológico, do mundo vivido. Isso porque se acredita que, embora a maioria da civilização moderna tenha abandonado ritos e mitos ancestrais, estes continuam vivos no inconsciente humano, se processam e se projetam no ambiente. A pesquisa foi conduzida com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o auxílio de fotografias (entrevista projetiva) da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Os dezenove entrevistados são moradores da cidade de Santa Maria, RS, têm idade entre 21 e 69 anos, com escolaridade que variou entre ensino médio incompleto e pós-graduação e responderam à seguinte pergunta: como você vê a relação do homem com a natureza nestas imagens? Os entrevistados foram orientados a responder livremente, podendo fazer associações livres ou elaborar um discurso contextual. Também foram orientados a mencionar imagens ou mitos que conhecessem, caso fizessem alguma associação com as fotografias. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para categorizar os discursos em nove categorias e relacionar os arquétipos correspondentes. A pesquisa empírica resultou no levantamento de quatro arquétipos mitológicos cosmogônicos: Paraíso perdido, Gaia, Caos e Apocalipse; e outros três arquétipos mitológicos: hybris, o diabo e a morte. Ademais, treze arquétipos representados pelas lâminas do Tarô de Marselha auxiliaram na categorização e na inferência dos arquétipos nos discursos dos entrevistados. / This research proposes a study of the man / medium, or society / nature through the revelation of the archetypes that influence this relationship. The thesis sought to verify that the interpretations that subjects describe about the environment (man and nature relationship) are, at their base, archetypal. This thesis is built based on the collective unconscious as defined by Carl Gustav Jung. Thus, the study aimed to fathom the archetypes of the collective unconscious that form the opinions and interpretations of external reality, especially in the interpretation of the environment (man / medium) of the residents of Santa Maria, RS. We sought to bring to the surface the archetypal images and their mythologies that filter the phenomenological world's information, the lived world. This is because it is believed that, although most of modern civilization has left ancestral myths and rites, they remain alive in the human unconscious, are processed and protrude into the environment. The research was conducted with application of semi-structured interviews and the aid of photographs (projective interview) of the city of Santa Maria, RS. Were nineteen interviewees are residents of the city of Santa Maria, RS, have between 21 and 69 years with education ranging from incomplete secondary education and graduate and answered the question: how do you see the relationship of man with nature in these images? Respondents were asked to answer freely, make free associations or makes a contextual speech. They were also advised to mention images or myths they knew if they did some association with photographs. The content analysis was used to categorize the speeches in nine categories and list the corresponding archetypes. The empirical research resulted in four cosmogonic mythological archetypes: Paradise Lost, Gaia, Chaos and Revelation; and three mythological archetypes: hybris, the devil and the death. In addition, thirteen archetypes represented by the Tarot of Marseilles figures helped in the categorization and inference about the archetypes in the interviews.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo da relação homem/meio, ou sociedade/natureza através da revelação dos arquétipos que influenciam tal relação. A tese buscou verificar se as interpretações que os sujeitos fazem do ambiente (relação homem e natureza) são, em sua base, arquetípicas. Tal tese se constrói baseada no conceito de inconsciente coletivo definido por Carl Gustav Jung. Assim, o trabalho objetivou sondar os arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo que formam as opiniões e interpretações da realidade externa, notadamente na interpretação do ambiente (relação homem/meio) dos moradores de Santa Maria, RS. Buscou-se trazer à superfície as imagens arquetípicas e suas respectivas mitologias que filtram as informações do mundo fenomenológico, do mundo vivido. Isso porque se acredita que, embora a maioria da civilização moderna tenha abandonado ritos e mitos ancestrais, estes continuam vivos no inconsciente humano, se processam e se projetam no ambiente. A pesquisa foi conduzida com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o auxílio de fotografias (entrevista projetiva) da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Os dezenove entrevistados são moradores da cidade de Santa Maria, RS, têm idade entre 21 e 69 anos, com escolaridade que variou entre ensino médio incompleto e pós-graduação e responderam à seguinte pergunta: como você vê a relação do homem com a natureza nestas imagens? Os entrevistados foram orientados a responder livremente, podendo fazer associações livres ou elaborar um discurso contextual. Também foram orientados a mencionar imagens ou mitos que conhecessem, caso fizessem alguma associação com as fotografias. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para categorizar os discursos em nove categorias e relacionar os arquétipos correspondentes. A pesquisa empírica resultou no levantamento de quatro arquétipos mitológicos cosmogônicos: Paraíso perdido, Gaia, Caos e Apocalipse; e outros três arquétipos mitológicos: hybris, o diabo e a morte. Ademais, treze arquétipos representados pelas lâminas do Tarô de Marselha auxiliaram na categorização e na inferência dos arquétipos nos discursos dos entrevistados. / This research proposes a study of the man / medium, or society / nature through the revelation of the archetypes that influence this relationship. The thesis sought to verify that the interpretations that subjects describe about the environment (man and nature relationship) are, at their base, archetypal. This thesis is built based on the collective unconscious as defined by Carl Gustav Jung. Thus, the study aimed to fathom the archetypes of the collective unconscious that form the opinions and interpretations of external reality, especially in the interpretation of the environment (man / medium) of the residents of Santa Maria, RS. We sought to bring to the surface the archetypal images and their mythologies that filter the phenomenological world's information, the lived world. This is because it is believed that, although most of modern civilization has left ancestral myths and rites, they remain alive in the human unconscious, are processed and protrude into the environment. The research was conducted with application of semi-structured interviews and the aid of photographs (projective interview) of the city of Santa Maria, RS. Were nineteen interviewees are residents of the city of Santa Maria, RS, have between 21 and 69 years with education ranging from incomplete secondary education and graduate and answered the question: how do you see the relationship of man with nature in these images? Respondents were asked to answer freely, make free associations or makes a contextual speech. They were also advised to mention images or myths they knew if they did some association with photographs. The content analysis was used to categorize the speeches in nine categories and list the corresponding archetypes. The empirical research resulted in four cosmogonic mythological archetypes: Paradise Lost, Gaia, Chaos and Revelation; and three mythological archetypes: hybris, the devil and the death. In addition, thirteen archetypes represented by the Tarot of Marseilles figures helped in the categorization and inference about the archetypes in the interviews.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo da relação homem/meio, ou sociedade/natureza através da revelação dos arquétipos que influenciam tal relação. A tese buscou verificar se as interpretações que os sujeitos fazem do ambiente (relação homem e natureza) são, em sua base, arquetípicas. Tal tese se constrói baseada no conceito de inconsciente coletivo definido por Carl Gustav Jung. Assim, o trabalho objetivou sondar os arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo que formam as opiniões e interpretações da realidade externa, notadamente na interpretação do ambiente (relação homem/meio) dos moradores de Santa Maria, RS. Buscou-se trazer à superfície as imagens arquetípicas e suas respectivas mitologias que filtram as informações do mundo fenomenológico, do mundo vivido. Isso porque se acredita que, embora a maioria da civilização moderna tenha abandonado ritos e mitos ancestrais, estes continuam vivos no inconsciente humano, se processam e se projetam no ambiente. A pesquisa foi conduzida com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o auxílio de fotografias (entrevista projetiva) da cidade de Santa Maria, RS. Os dezenove entrevistados são moradores da cidade de Santa Maria, RS, têm idade entre 21 e 69 anos, com escolaridade que variou entre ensino médio incompleto e pós-graduação e responderam à seguinte pergunta: como você vê a relação do homem com a natureza nestas imagens? Os entrevistados foram orientados a responder livremente, podendo fazer associações livres ou elaborar um discurso contextual. Também foram orientados a mencionar imagens ou mitos que conhecessem, caso fizessem alguma associação com as fotografias. A análise de conteúdo foi utilizada para categorizar os discursos em nove categorias e relacionar os arquétipos correspondentes. A pesquisa empírica resultou no levantamento de quatro arquétipos mitológicos cosmogônicos: Paraíso perdido, Gaia, Caos e Apocalipse; e outros três arquétipos mitológicos: hybris, o diabo e a morte. Ademais, treze arquétipos representados pelas lâminas do Tarô de Marselha auxiliaram na categorização e na inferência dos arquétipos nos discursos dos entrevistados. / This research proposes a study of the man / medium, or society / nature through the revelation of the archetypes that influence this relationship. The thesis sought to verify that the interpretations that subjects describe about the environment (man and nature relationship) are, at their base, archetypal. This thesis is built based on the collective unconscious as defined by Carl Gustav Jung. Thus, the study aimed to fathom the archetypes of the collective unconscious that form the opinions and interpretations of external reality, especially in the interpretation of the environment (man / medium) of the residents of Santa Maria, RS. We sought to bring to the surface the archetypal images and their mythologies that filter the phenomenological world's information, the lived world. This is because it is believed that, although most of modern civilization has left ancestral myths and rites, they remain alive in the human unconscious, are processed and protrude into the environment. The research was conducted with application of semi-structured interviews and the aid of photographs (projective interview) of the city of Santa Maria, RS. Were nineteen interviewees are residents of the city of Santa Maria, RS, have between 21 and 69 years with education ranging from incomplete secondary education and graduate and answered the question: how do you see the relationship of man with nature in these images? Respondents were asked to answer freely, make free associations or makes a contextual speech. They were also advised to mention images or myths they knew if they did some association with photographs. The content analysis was used to categorize the speeches in nine categories and list the corresponding archetypes. The empirical research resulted in four cosmogonic mythological archetypes: Paradise Lost, Gaia, Chaos and Revelation; and three mythological archetypes: hybris, the devil and the death. In addition, thirteen archetypes represented by the Tarot of Marseilles figures helped in the categorization and inference about the archetypes in the interviews.

According to Jung, the individuation process is a spiritual transformation through which the individual attains the maturity of his personality. This process requires the incorporation of subconscious material to the conscious life. The unconscious, though personal, is according to the famous psychologist full of images and archetypes that conform what Jung called the “collective unconscious”, which transcends the personal and expands inter-culturally through time and space. This is the perspective used in the present study of Soldados de Salamina (2001), a novel by the Spanish writer Javier Cercas. The hero of this story that combines fiction and reality travels from the present time into the past of his country, the Spanish Civil war, with the purpose of understanding. This immersion in time parallels another one in his psyche through which he deepens into the collective unconscious of the Spanish people. As a result, we have the vital, spiritual and psychological voyage of a man that stars the narration from a chaotic state to finally emerge innerly renovated and mature. By virtue of this transformation, we witness the hero’s process of individuation. Soldados de Salamina returns to the mystery of the ix unconscious and becomes the narration of a voyage of a human being from his deepest psyche, both as a universal and a particular man, towards his conscience. Comprehension is ultimately the engine of a novel that revisits the Spanish past in order to heal inner wounds.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-30T12:39:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Serra Valladão.pdf: 788715 bytes, checksum: 63981d366c72b7aea215de78e1e4019c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-30T12:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Serra Valladão.pdf: 788715 bytes, checksum: 63981d366c72b7aea215de78e1e4019c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present work aims to think about contemporary anxiety under the approach of Analytical Psychology. Therefore, we sought to characterize the general aspects of the current culture and to identify the psychological aspects of anxiety. It is a theoretical work, developed from a bibliographical survey of Carl Gustav Jung’s work, scientific articles of the last five years and the Jungian literature about anxiety. From these surveys, we sought to establish parallels between culture and mass society, in order to highlight the occurrence of anxiety as one of the main psychic disorders nowadays. Finally, we sought to point out possible symbolic meanings of this psychological phenomenon in its dysfunctional performance and to point out alternatives for overcoming it. The results of the research suggest that dysfunctional anxiety is associated with an unconscious compensatory reaction that seeks to fill the psychological needs gaps generated by the process of deindividuation - exacerbated rationalism and predominant externalized orientation of life conduct. It was verified that this reaction occurs both at a collective and individual level, because of the limitations it imposes, it favors the contact of the individual with the Self / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo refletir sobre a ansiedade na contemporaneidade sob o enfoque da Psicologia Analítica. Para tanto, buscou-se caracterizar os aspectos gerais da cultura atual e identificar aspectos psicológicos da ansiedade. Trata-se de um trabalho de caráter teórico, desenvolvido a partir de um levantamento bibliográfico da obra de Carl Gustav Jung, de artigos científicos dos últimos cinco anos e da literatura junguiana sobre a temática da ansiedade. A partir destes levantamentos, procurou-se estabelecer paralelos entre a cultura e a sociedade de massa, de maneira a destacar a ocorrência da ansiedade como um dos principais transtornos psíquicos da atualidade. Por fim, buscou-se apontar possíveis significados simbólicos deste fenômeno psíquico em sua atuação disfuncional e indicar alternativas para a sua superação. Os resultados da pesquisa sugerem que a ansiedade disfuncional está associada a uma reação compensatória inconsciente que busca suprir as lacunas psíquicas geradas pelo processo de massificação − racionalismo exacerbado e orientação predominante externalizada da conduta de vida. Foi verificado que essa reação ocorre tanto a nível coletivo quanto individual e, em decorrência das limitações que impõe, acaba favorecendo o contato do indivíduo com o Si-mesmo

The thesis explores how elemental architecture in collaboration with the Shield can manifest a threshold condition in which a modern day hero myth can be enacted in the Canadian wilderness. Through the lens of Joseph Campbell, Tom Thomson and the archetypal structures of the Finns and Algonkians, a design proposal is derived for a Waterway Park in the Algonquin region that expands the mandate of the Ontario Parks System. In the realm of psychology, Carl Gustav Jung defines individuation as a universal quest that encourages facing and overcoming ones internal demons in order to live a more integrated existence. Located in Oxtongue River Ragged Falls Provincial Park, this proposed experimental pilgrimage retreat connects a series of primary and secondary paths to cabins, a sweat lodge and a chapel. This model illustrates a method of inhabiting a protected wilderness site that can be applied to existing and future Parks to inspire a condition of corporeal and spiritual rejuvenation in Ontario’s near North.

The thesis explores how elemental architecture in collaboration with the Shield can manifest a threshold condition in which a modern day hero myth can be enacted in the Canadian wilderness. Through the lens of Joseph Campbell, Tom Thomson and the archetypal structures of the Finns and Algonkians, a design proposal is derived for a Waterway Park in the Algonquin region that expands the mandate of the Ontario Parks System. In the realm of psychology, Carl Gustav Jung defines individuation as a universal quest that encourages facing and overcoming ones internal demons in order to live a more integrated existence. Located in Oxtongue River Ragged Falls Provincial Park, this proposed experimental pilgrimage retreat connects a series of primary and secondary paths to cabins, a sweat lodge and a chapel. This model illustrates a method of inhabiting a protected wilderness site that can be applied to existing and future Parks to inspire a condition of corporeal and spiritual rejuvenation in Ontario’s near North.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2221102 bytes, checksum: a4b0813bbf56e6e180f15142dc365e24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Popular narratives are rich in elements of the natural world in which underlie unconscious contents. This survey brought a reflection over the images of the collective unconscious in the relations of intersubjectivity found in folktales from the Brazilian Northeast. This concern came from the fact that the human being is not only seen as a biological structure, but also as social and psychic structure. Under this view, we sought for more satisfactory positions on the significance of folktales. We started from the assumption that underlying the discourse of the folktale, there are images of the collective unconscious, capable of describing the relations of intersubjectivity, meaning that intersubjectivity as a form of constitution of subjectivity emerges under the subject's performance in relation to otherness and the archetypes of the collective unconscious manifested symbolically through myths, magic and fantasy. The research was conducted from the general objective that was proposed to examine, under the interface between Semiotics and Psychoanalysis that is present in images of the collective unconscious intersubjective relations of enunciation and utterance that characterize the northeastern folktale, in order to perceive aspects identify the subjects, the relations among them and between subjects and between subject and object of their value. The theoretical basis focused Greimasian semiotics explaining the semiotic function, from a generative trajectory composed of three levels: narrativization, speechlization and deep semantics. The analysis was complemented by this tensive semiotics of Fontanille which accounts for inflections of axiological values from an intense and extensive grading. It was discussed too, the theories of the unconscious, from Freud and Jung who, in addition to a personal unconscious, proposes a collective. Then we tried to see how "self" is constructed, following the understanding that subjectivity is constituted as otherness. To situate the corpus, we discussed about the literature of the folktale, especially considering the origin, structure and identification according to Nascimento s Catalogue of Brazilian Folktale. This research consisted of two hundred and eighty thousand of which were selected among those nine versions from the Northeast Brazil. The stories were coded by the initial graphemes of words in the title: As mil e uma noites (MN), O macaco e o rabo (MR), A Moura Torta (MT); Seu Nino (SN) As perguntas de Dom Lobo (PDL); Boi Leição (BL) and A Aranha Caranguejeira e o Quibungo (ACQ), O macaco e a cabaça (MC), A menina dos brincos de ouro (MBO). Before the analysis, it was built a synopsis and segmentation. In narrative structure, one identified the semiotic subject, searching for their value objects, sometimes aided by an adjuvant, sometimes hampered by an opponent. In the discourse structure, we analyzed their interpersonal relations of space and time, enunciation and statement, in which the symbolic richness of the stories revealed the presence of the major archetypes of the collective unconscious: the animus, the anima, the shadow, the persona and Self, who spoke on different images and contributed to the perception of the various issues. In the fundamental structure, it was elucidated the opposition of good versus evil as the matrix pole for the emergence of other oppositions. / As narrativas populares são ricas em elementos do mundo natural nos quais subjazem conteúdos inconscientes. A pesquisa intentou uma reflexão em torno das imagens do inconsciente coletivo nas relações de intersubjetividade presentes nos contos populares nordestinos. Tal inquietude partiu da compreensão de que o ser humano não se constitui apenas como estrutura biológica, mas também como estrutura psíquica e social. Sob essa ótica, buscaram-se posições mais satisfatórias sobre a significação dos contos populares. Partiu-se da hipótese de que, subjacentes ao discurso do conto popular, encontram-se imagens do inconsciente coletivo, capazes de caracterizar as relações de intersubjetividade, entendendo que a intersubjetividade, como forma de constituição da subjetividade, emerge sob a performance dos sujeitos em relação à alteridade e que os arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo se manifestam, simbolicamente, através de mitos, magias e fantasias. A pesquisa foi direcionada a partir do objetivo geral que propôs analisar, sob a interface Semiótica e Psicanálise, imagens do inconsciente coletivo presentes nas relações intersubjetivas de enunciação e de enunciado que caracterizam o conto popular nordestino, a fim de perceber aspectos que identificam os sujeitos, as relações entre eles e entre o sujeito e seu objeto de valor. A fundamentação teórica privilegiou a semiótica greimasiana que explica a função semiótica, partindo de um percurso gerativo composto de três níveis: narrativização, discursivização e semântica profunda. A análise desta foi complementada pela semiótica tensiva de Fontanille que responde pelas inflexões dos valores axiológicos a partir de uma gradação intensa e extensa. Discutiram-se, ainda, as teorias do inconsciente, a partir de Freud e de Jung que, além de um inconsciente pessoal, propõe um coletivo. Em seguida abordou-se como o eu se constrói, seguindo o entendimento de que a subjetividade é constituída a partir da alteridade. Para situar o corpus, discorreu-se sobre a literatura do conto popular, considerando principalmente a origem, a estrutura e a identificação conforme o Catálogo do Conto Popular Brasileiro de Nascimento. O universo da pesquisa constou de duzentos e oitenta contos dos quais foram selecionadas nove versões entre aquelas levantadas no Nordeste brasileiro. Os contos foram codificados pelos grafemas iniciais dos vocábulos do título: As mil e uma noites (MN); O Macaco e o Rabo (MR); A Moura Torta (MT); Seu Nino (SN); As perguntas de Dom Lobo (PDL); O Boi Leição (BL); A aranha Caranguejeira e o Quibungo (ACQ); O macaco e a cabaça (MC); A menina dos brincos de ouro (MBO). Antes da análise, foram construídas uma sinopse e a segmentação. Na estrutura narrativa, identificaram-se os sujeitos semióticos, realizando um percurso em busca do seu objeto de valor, ora ajudado por um adjuvante, ora prejudicado por um oponente. Na estrutura discursiva, foram analisadas as relações intersubjetivas de espaço e de tempo, de enunciação e de enunciado, em que a riqueza simbólica dos contos revelou a presença dos principais arquétipos do inconsciente coletivo: o animus, a anima, a sombra, a persona e o Self, que se manifestaram sob diferentes imagens e contribuíram para a percepção dos vários temas. Na estrutura fundamental, elucidou-se a oposição bem versus mal como polo matriz para a emergência de outras oposições.