After declining for many years, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) is on the increase again. With TB resurgence there is also resistance of some TB strains to the commonly used TB drugs. This condition is kno wn as multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR TB). Among all factors that increase TB and MDR TB, treatment compliance and completion is the greatest challenge. MDR TB is mainly caused by poor adherence to TB treatment by either the patient or the prescriber. In order to improve patient adherence to treatment. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) has been implemented in many countries including South Africa. DOT means that each consumption of TB drugs by the patient is observed by a reliable person. Even with DOT in place, many patients still do not adhere to the prescribed treatment. This study aimed at determining from health workers the following: • Problems experienced by the health workers when giving treatment to TB patients, • causes for non-adherence to TB treatment, and • what could be done to make DOT more effective. A questionnaire was used to gather information. Ail clinics rendering TB services in Gauteng were considered in this study. Two questionnaires were sent to each of the 138 participating clinics and had to be completed by any two health workers involved in the treatment of TB patients. Only 69 of the 276 questionnaires sent, were returned completed (25%). Information gathered from the questionnaires revealed that patients seen at TB clinics in Gauteng came from various residential areas including townships, suburban rural and informal settlement. The Pearson chi squared test showed that there was no association between the percentage of patients who completed treatment and the number of patients seen at a clinic, or between the percentage of patients who completed treatment and the working hours at a particular clinic. The main cause of non-compliance shown by the results of this study was that patients discontinued treatment as soon as they felt better. Other causes of non-compliance mentioned by health workers included patient denial of having TB, ignorance, long treatment periods and many drugs that were to be taken during treatment. Health workers revealed that the main problem experienced in giving treatment to TB patients was that of deiaulting. The majority of these respondents suggested education as one way of making DOT more effective. In terms o f this study, it can be concluded that education on TB at various levels namely the patient, the health care worker and the community, is recommended. Education on the disease TB and its optimal treatment will improve patient compliance, decrease defaulting in delivering TB drugs to patients and make DOT more effective.

O presente trabalho tem como pano de fundo a regulação de acesso a redes de telecomunicações e os problemas relacionados ao cumprimento das respectivas regras. A partir da descrição e conjugação de literaturas especializadas, a PRIMEIRA PARTE do texto delimita um conceito de estratégia regulatória, apontando seus elementos-chave as ferramentas e abordagens passíveis de escolha e combinações pelo regulador em suas tomadas de decisões , bem como as vantagens e desvantagens associadas a cada um deles. A SEGUNDA PARTE explora as características gerais do setor e da regulação das telecomunicações com vistas a facilitar a estruturação de um conceito de estratégia regulatória de compliance em regimes de acesso a redes. Na TERCEIRA PARTE o conceito proposto é aplicado ao caso brasileiro da regulamentação da EILD (Exploração Industrial de Linhas Dedicadas), uma modalidade de contratação de redes de operadores dominantes, como forma de identificar e avaliar criticamente as estratégias de compliance dos diferentes regimes de EILD já vigentes no país. Nesse processo são apontadas limitações das estratégias de compliance instituídas pelas normativas de EILD analisadas. Ainda nessa etapa o conceito proposto é aplicado a regimes internacionais de acesso a redes de telecomunicações, o que permite comparar a estratégia de compliance do atual regime brasileiro com as estratégias de compliance de regimes de acesso a redes de telecomunicações em países que também enfrentaram dificuldades para assegurar o cumprimento das regras de acesso. Conclui-se destacando a funcionalidade do uso do conceito para delimitação e análise das estratégias de compliance de regimes de acesso a redes de telecomunicações, o que auxilia o regulador em suas tomadas de decisão relacionadas à questão. / The thesis focuses on the regulation of telecom network access and the problems of compliance arising thereof. By describing and comparing some literature on the theme, PART ONE of the research defines a concept for regulatory strategy pointing out its main elements tools and approaches that might be selected and matched by the regulator , as well as the advantages and disadvantages related to it. PART TWO explores telecom´s sector and regulation basic features in order to facilitate the construction of a concept for compliance regulatory strategies applied to network access regimes. PART THREE presents a case study by means of which the proposed concept is applied to the regulation of leased lines (EILD) in Brazil a type of contracting network from dominant operators as a way to identify and discuss the compliance strategies of the different EILD regimes within the country. At this stage of the research some failures regarding the compliance strategies are underlined. Moreover the proposed concept is applied to international telecommunications network access regimes in a way to compare the compliance strategy within the current Brazilian access regime with the compliance strategies put in force by overseas regulators who faced many difficulties to deal with non-compliance problems. The conclusion underlines that the adoption of the proposed concept is helpful to identify and evaluate compliance strategies within the telecommunications network access regimes and therefore may facilitate the regulator task when deciding on the issue at hand.

The European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) brings new challenges for companies, who must demonstrate that their systems and business processes comply with usage constraints specified by data subjects. However, due to the lack of standards, tools, and best practices, many organizations struggle to adapt their infrastructure and processes to ensure and demonstrate that all data processing is in compliance with users' given consent. The SPECIAL EU H2020 project has developed vocabularies that can formally describe data subjects' given consent as well as methods that use this description to automatically determine whether processing of the data according to a given policy is compliant with the given consent. Whereas this makes it possible to determine whether processing was compliant or not, integration of the approach into existing line of business applications and ex-ante compliance checking remains an open challenge. In this short paper, we demonstrate how the SPECIAL consent and compliance framework can be integrated into Linked Widgets, a mashup platform, in order to support privacy-aware ad-hoc integration of personal data. The resulting environment makes it possible to create data integration and processing workflows out of components that inherently respect usage policies of the data that is being processed and are able to demonstrate compliance. We provide an overview of the necessary meta data and orchestration towards a privacy-aware linked data mashup platform that automatically respects subjects' given consents. The evaluation results show the potential of our approach for ex-ante usage policy compliance checking within the Linked Widgets Platforms and beyond.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-129).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Whether the virtue of humility has a great influence on today¡¦s leadership? For the issues, one study had found that leaders are able to transform their enterprises either from mediocre or those full of crisis to great companies. Collins et al. believed what made the differences depend on the leaders¡¦ personal humility and professional will. The result was out of everyone¡¦s expectation, including Collins et al., because it was generally believed that an outstanding leadership won't be relevant with humility. Published in AMJ, the study of Owens & Hekman (2012) uncovered that leader humility involved leaders modeling to followers how to grow and produced positive organizational outcomes by leading followers to believe that their own developmental journeys and feelings of uncertainty were legitimate in the workplace. Although a growing number of leadership writers argue that leader humility is important to organizational effectiveness, little is known about the construct, what it produces, and what influences its effectiveness, what these behaviors lead to, or what factors moderate the effectiveness of these behaviors. Above all, the key point is exactly what the ¡§conceptualization of the humility¡¨ is. The lack of clarity about leader humility is due to the fact that the existing evidence (qualitative or quantitative) supporting writers¡¦ ideas regarding leader humility. In addition, the humility has further implications. This study integrates the viewpoint of Chinese and Western on humility, and then probes into the real implications of humility, and established the definitions, constructs and scale of humility; further explorations of the important issues on the level, timing, and principle of the humility are rarely suggested in literatures. The results suggest that reliability and validity of this scale are adequate. Analysis of survey data is from 33 dyads samples of the supervisor-subordinates and 187 subordinates of various companies in Taiwan¡¦s organizations. The study found that: (1) authority and trust have a positive influence on compliance; the influence of authority is stronger than that of trust; (2) humility significantly moderates the relation between ability and compliance, such that the relation is more strongly positive at high levels of humility than that at low levels of humility, while the compliance of low humility is higher than high humility at low levels of ability; (3) humility has marginally significant moderating relation between integrity and compliance, such that the relation is more strongly positive at high levels of humility than that at low levels of humility; However, (4) humility does not significantly moderate the relation between authority and compliance; (5) humility does not significantly moderate the relationship between benevolence and compliance, either; (6) the interaction of humility, authority and integrity is significant on compliance; (7) the interaction of humility, authority and benevolence is also significant on compliance. Humility and integrity can lead to get compliance and then get better to each other. Finally, it is hoped that this study¡¦s conclusions, suggestions and findings would serve as a future reference for humility in leadership research.

Thesis--University of Michigan. / Cover title: Adherence to hypertensive treatment regimes. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-76).

Legislation on official controls requires competent authorities to carry out a risk-based control in a uniform way. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether data from official controls can be used to examine to what extent the assessment of compliance is performed in a uniform way. Data from official controls carried out by a competent authority were examined for differences in the assessment of non-compliance amongst the control staff. The dissemination of non-compliance within a selection of regulatory requirements was also examined. The result shows that the proportion non-compliances increase when more than one inspector is present. Inspectors carrying out fewer controls show significant differences in their assessment of compliance with certain requirements. Under certain conditions dispersion measures based on the proportion of non-compliances can be used as indicators or comparative figures for consistency.

Background: Although efforts to reduce iron deficiency during pregnancy have been made, programmes often struggle with their participants’ compliance and effectiveness is low. Nevertheless, there is only little information about determinants of compliance. The aim of this thesis is to investigate which factors contribute to women’s compliance to iron supplementation during pregnancy in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Secondary analysis of data collected within a randomized trial in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat trial). 4436 pregnant women were assigned to six micronutrient supplementation groups. Questionnaires were administered and anthropometric measurements were taken. Compliance was measured using the eDEM® counting device which recorded every time a pill bottle was opened. Results: In linear regression maternal age, socio economic status (SES) and education showed a positive association with compliance (p<0.001). Parity showed a negative association (p=0.045). Knowledge of effects of iron supplementation and perception of importance of iron supplementation were not significantly associated with compliance. Experiencing positive effects of iron supplementation was related to higher compliance to iron supplementation, while experiencing nausea was related to lower compliance to iron supplementation (p<0.001). Dislike of the tablets (p<0.001) and other reasons that were not specifically mentioned (p=0.015) were significantly associated with a decrease in compliance. Conclusion: Pregnant women’s compliance to iron supplementation was determined by different factors. Educating women about anaemia, iron deficiency and iron supplementation should not be the only strategy to achieve high compliance. Development of supplements that cause fewer side effects should be considered and more research investigating determinants of compliance should be performed.

No description available.