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Depuis la création de la ville de Shanghai, un système de la gestion de la construction urbaine relativement complet a été formé au fur et à mesure, qui est basé sur le système politique et économique des concessions étrangères , inclut le système de la gestion de l’urbanisme et le système de l’utilisation de terrain. En tant que le soutien technique, l’urbanisme agit sur le système de la gestion de la construction urbaine et il est également réalisé par ce système. Le système de l’expropriation de terrain est le pivot de ce régime et aussi la base de l’évolution de l’espace public, par conséquent, les caractéristiques de l’évolution progressive organique du développement de l’espace public des concessions étrangères ont été formées. La présente thèse fait une recherche sur les facteurs du système au cours de la construction urbaine depuis la création de la ville de Shanghai jusqu’aux années 30 du XXe siècle et également sur son influence sur l’espace public. Les objets de cette recherche sont principalement le comité municipal de la concession internationale, les établissements municipaux de la concession française, de la zone chinoise et de la mairie de Shanghai du parti nationaliste. La conclusion est un résumé sur la relation entre le système de la gestion de la construction urbaine, l’urbanisme et l’espace public et donne de l’aspiration à l’égard de la société d’aujourd’hui. / Since Shanghai’s Opening to foreign trade, a rather complete Urban Construction Administration System has been developed in the foreign settlement. It was based on the political system and economic system, including the Urban Planning Administration System and the Land Use System. Urban Planning was a technical support to the Urban Construction Administration System. However, its realization was based on the system whose key is the institution about Eminent Domain. In such a mechanism lied the reason for the evolution of public space. Thus, an “organic” and gradual changing way became the identity of the public space of the International Settlement. This dissertation is a research on the institutional factors in the urban constructions and the influence they had on the evolution of public space. The research focused on the period from the Opening to the 1930’, and on the area of International Settlement. Some comparisons are made among the municipal councils of International Settlement, the French Concession, and the city government of KMT’s. The epilogue is a summarization of the relationships among the institution, the planning and the public space, and some inspires will be found.

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In daily negotiation, decision maker often affected to change the evalution of negotiation results by the offers which the opponent brought up in either positive or negative description. This is what the negotiation researcher callled ¡§framing effect¡¨. Framing theory first poposed by Kahneman & Tversky (1982) and researchers found there are many framing types and the framing effects proofed in many negotiation areas. On the other hand, the development of electronic bargainging is ofthen based on the assumption that human decision making is rational behavior, and there is no research applying framing theory on internet. Therefore this research would like to discuss whether framing could change electronic bargaining results. This research adopts attribute framing and goal framing proposed by Levin et al. (1998) and apply it with negotiation model to develop a virtual bargin store, then we play a role as seller to do field experiment. After collecting the experiment data and analyze them, we found framing do affect electronic bargining. Framing match concession will influence the seller¡¦s gain. General speaking, attribute framing effect is better than goal framing, and the difference between positive and negative attribute framing effect looms larger when it corporates with concession. However the difference between positive and negative goal framing looms less when it ties up with concession.

Observing the deficiencies of traditional methods in meeting the demands of today&rsquo / s infrastructure development has been motivating countries towards privatization of these sectors. However, due to the differences in these sectors as compared to other businesses, privatization can not be performed without strict regulations. Today, concession agreements like BOT models seem the best way for solving the problems. Financing of concession agreements plays a key role. In Turkey, most BOT projects are financed by capital structure that has a maximum debt ratio, which is allowed by the law. The objective of this study is to examine whether the maximum amount of debt ratio is the optimum amount of debt ratio. Optimization is carried out by analyzing the trade off between benefits of tax shield and the loss due to financial failure as a result of change in leverage, assuming other things are the same. A theoretical framework is developed for the analysis by selecting Adjusted Present Value Method as a financial tool. Energy generation sector in Turkey is analyzed, stock market data in Turkey is used for the analysis, and a bankruptcy prediction model is proposed for BOT projects in Turkey. Finally, by using the theoretical framework, an actual BOT model hydro electric power plant proposal is analyzed for optimization of capital structure.

Orientador: Jete Jane Fiorati / Resumo: As telecomunicações representam o setor de serviços que mais cresce atualmente, apresentando grande importância para o desenvolvimento dos países. Desta forma, a partir dos anos 80, vislumbramos movimentos de reestruturação dos sistemas nacionais e internacionais das telecomunicações, motivados pela necessidade de atração de investimentos capazes de conduzir à modernização, diversificação e melhoria na qualidade dos serviços. À partir desta perspectiva global e da evolução histórica da reestruturação das telecomunicações no Brasil, o presente estudo objetivou, através da análise dos contratos de concessão celebrados pelo Estado Brasileiro e as empresas MCI Worldcom e Telefônica Internacional, compreender o modelo de privatização adotado pelo Brasil e os desafios que se apresentam para os atores envolvidos: Estado, empresas e usuários. Neste sentido, o processo de reestruturação do modelo das telecomunicações no Brasil iniciou-se em 1995, acompanhando o movimento irreversível de reformas realizadas em vários outros países, inclusive em países latino-americanos como o Mëxico, Chile, Argentina e Venezuela. Estas reformas tiveram como grande agente impulsionador, o Anexo sobre Telecomunicações do Acordo Geral de Serviços (GATS), celebrado pelos países membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio, estabelecendo a eliminação dos monopólios no setor. Em consonância com as regras adotadas pela OMC, foi promulgada, em 1997, a Lei Geral de Telecomunicações que criou a Anatel e revogou o Código Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. Em 1998, as empresas do sistema Telebrás foram privatizadas e emergiram como importantes vencedoras deste leilão, as empresas MCIWorldcom e a Telefônica Internacional. O modelo adotado caracteriza-se por um período de transição, ou melhor, de competição regulada até 2002, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Telecommunications is a growing sector and central to countries' development. Thus, since the 1980s, we observe reform movements in national and international telecommunications systems, aiming at increasing the investments and improving the quality of the services. Based on this global perspective and also on the historical evolution of the Brazilian telecommunications reform program, this study aimed at analyzing the concession contracts established by Brazil and MCIWorldcom and Telefonica International in order to understand the privatization model adopted by Brazil as well as the challenges involving the State, companies and users. Brazil embarked on the telecommunications reform program in 1995, following several countries and some Latin American ones such as Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Venezuela. The Brazilian reform was a result of the negotiations that led to the World Trade Organization (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services and the Telecommunications Annex, establishing the elimination of the monopolies. According to WTO's guidelines, Brazil proclaimed the Telecommunications General Law in 1997, creating Anatel (National Telecommunications Agency) and repealing the Brazilian Telecommunications Code. Hence, in 1998, the state companies of the Telebrás System were privatized and two transnational companies were considered winners in this process: MCIWorldcom and Telefonica International. The model adopted is actually in the transition period, characterized by a regulated competition until 2002, when the geographic constraints established by the General Law will be eliminated. The analysis of the contracts established by Brazil and the two above mentioned companies showed that the reform program aims at assuring competition, maintaining the...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ventura_caa_me_fran.pdf: 1029205 bytes, checksum: 187cd46651e9f5286bf0a88d79a20757 (MD5) / As telecomunicações representam o setor de serviços que mais cresce atualmente, apresentando grande importância para o desenvolvimento dos países. Desta forma, a partir dos anos 80, vislumbramos movimentos de reestruturação dos sistemas nacionais e internacionais das telecomunicações, motivados pela necessidade de atração de investimentos capazes de conduzir à modernização, diversificação e melhoria na qualidade dos serviços. À partir desta perspectiva global e da evolução histórica da reestruturação das telecomunicações no Brasil, o presente estudo objetivou, através da análise dos contratos de concessão celebrados pelo Estado Brasileiro e as empresas MCI Worldcom e Telefônica Internacional, compreender o modelo de privatização adotado pelo Brasil e os desafios que se apresentam para os atores envolvidos: Estado, empresas e usuários. Neste sentido, o processo de reestruturação do modelo das telecomunicações no Brasil iniciou-se em 1995, acompanhando o movimento irreversível de reformas realizadas em vários outros países, inclusive em países latino-americanos como o Mëxico, Chile, Argentina e Venezuela. Estas reformas tiveram como grande agente impulsionador, o Anexo sobre Telecomunicações do Acordo Geral de Serviços (GATS), celebrado pelos países membros da Organização Mundial do Comércio, estabelecendo a eliminação dos monopólios no setor. Em consonância com as regras adotadas pela OMC, foi promulgada, em 1997, a Lei Geral de Telecomunicações que criou a Anatel e revogou o Código Brasileiro de Telecomunicações. Em 1998, as empresas do sistema Telebrás foram privatizadas e emergiram como importantes vencedoras deste leilão, as empresas MCIWorldcom e a Telefônica Internacional. O modelo adotado caracteriza-se por um período de transição, ou melhor, de competição regulada até 2002,... / Telecommunications is a growing sector and central to countries' development. Thus, since the 1980s, we observe reform movements in national and international telecommunications systems, aiming at increasing the investments and improving the quality of the services. Based on this global perspective and also on the historical evolution of the Brazilian telecommunications reform program, this study aimed at analyzing the concession contracts established by Brazil and MCIWorldcom and Telefonica International in order to understand the privatization model adopted by Brazil as well as the challenges involving the State, companies and users. Brazil embarked on the telecommunications reform program in 1995, following several countries and some Latin American ones such as Mexico, Chile, Argentina and Venezuela. The Brazilian reform was a result of the negotiations that led to the World Trade Organization (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services and the Telecommunications Annex, establishing the elimination of the monopolies. According to WTO's guidelines, Brazil proclaimed the Telecommunications General Law in 1997, creating Anatel (National Telecommunications Agency) and repealing the Brazilian Telecommunications Code. Hence, in 1998, the state companies of the Telebrás System were privatized and two transnational companies were considered winners in this process: MCIWorldcom and Telefonica International. The model adopted is actually in the transition period, characterized by a regulated competition until 2002, when the geographic constraints established by the General Law will be eliminated. The analysis of the contracts established by Brazil and the two above mentioned companies showed that the reform program aims at assuring competition, maintaining the...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Access to clean water and wastewater services has been gaining importance as a global issue as we have become increasingly aware of the widespread and growing failures to meet this human need, which many argue is a basic human right. These failures have significant, adverse human health consequences including thousands of preventable deaths each day. Water service privatization has been promoted by international donor organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund as one way to address current water issues, particularly in developing nations. They have argued that private entities can improve water management because they can: (1) obtain access to capital needed to improve infrastructure; (2) improve system performance; (3) reduce water rates; and (4) be more responsive to consumer needs. As a result, in the 1980s, water privatization partnerships emerged in various parts of the world, including Latin America. Many of these partnerships have since been rescinded. The reasons given for abandoning privatization include: large increases in water rates, changes in economic conditions, deterioration of water quality, and failure to provide services to less-profitable areas. Currently, water privatization remains one of the most controversial issues in water policy circles. As the main goal of my dissertation, I plan to research the similarities and differences in outcomes of water privatization projects in two Latin American countries, Bolivia and Puerto Rico. These two countries have differing histories, demographics, types of governments, economies, and geographies. They both, however, have granted concessions to private European water companies to manage all or parts of their water services. While Bolivia has had quality, quantity, and access problems under privatization, Puerto Rico enjoys universal access to water but has suffered mostly from quality issues. The varied settings and experiences of the two countries and the different projects within each country provide opportunities to better understand the public - private debate and the complexities associated with water privatization. In particular, given my legal and policy background, my research will focus on the political and legal processes, and the outcomes of water privatization in each country in terms of improving water services. To do this, I will travel to each country to carry out an in-depth study of each successful or failed privatization venture, thereby obtaining closer insight into the intricacies of each water privatization project. This research will enable me to analyze issues related to accessibility, quality, and operational efficiency of water management. The results of this research have potential implications for the future of water policy, including the evaluation of factors affecting the viability of privatization of water operations as a means of better and more equitably managing water services in diverse settings.

Les relations de distribution sont soumises à différentes contraintes juridiques. Ces contraintes relèvent plus spécialement du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence. D'autres matières juridiques, tel le droit du travail ou encore le droit des sociétés, peuvent être concernées. La technique contractuelle permet de répondre et satisfaire à ces contraintes. L'expérience européenne, et en particulier française, a permis de révéler des formules contractuelles identifiables ; il s'agit du contrat de franchise, de concession, de distribution agréée ou sélective et également des contrats de regroupement entre distributeurs. Ces formes particulières d'accords de distribution s'agrègent à des formules plus générales, tel la vente, le mandat, la commission ainsi qu'à des techniques contractuelles tel le contrat-cadre. L'objet de la thèse est d'apprécier la transposition de ces formules de contrats et techniques contractuelles en droit tunisien. L'étude des règles régissant les contrats de la distribution et les rapports entre les différents intervenants, permettra de systématiser un droit de la distribution en Tunisie. / The distribution relationships are subject to various legal obligations and regulations. These obligations rise mainly from contract law and competition law. However, other legal subject matters, such as labor law or corporate law could be involved. The contractual technique allows to meet these obligations. The European experience and more particularly the French one, have allowed to reveal identifiable contractual methods, mostly related to franchising agreements, concession agreements, approved or selective distribution agreements, and consolidation agreements between distributors. These specific distribution agreements aggregates with more general methods such as the sale deeds, the mandates, the commissions in addition to contractual techniques as the master agreement. The subject matter of this thesis is to estimate the transposition of these contractual methods and techniques in Tunisian law. The study and analysis of the rules governing distribution agreements and relationship between the different intervening parties, shall allow to systematize and set standards for distribution law in Tunisia.

1 1 Abstract The topic of this dissertation thesis is Public Private Partnership. Public Private Partnership is a new phenomenon for delivering services and works by public authorities and other public bodies and entities (as contracting authorities). It emerged in the English speaking countries, namely in the USA and UK, in the 70s and 80s of the last century. Later, because of budgetary restraints and problems with financing public con tracts other countries across the European Union and the world showed interest in this phenomenon. Public Private Partnership is an economic rather than a legal term. Legislation does not use this designation. Instead, common features of Public Private Partnership are used to describe and set down Public Private Partnership in law. It is a general designation for different forms of cooperation between public and private entities which have the following features: The cooperation is based on contractual relations, it is a long term relation and the private entity bears risks related to the performance which would bear the public entity otherwise. The objective of establishing the cooperation is to deliver services and works in the public interest and to satisfy public needs. Provided that the aforementioned features are given we can consider the relation as the Public...