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1	La distribution électronique : franchise et Internet Cheaib, Wassim 04 1900 (has links) "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. Dans le programme de maîtrise en droit" / Depuis que le commerce électronique est devenu un environnement commercial assez répandu, les réseaux de distribution (nouveaux et préexistants) composés de fournisseurs et de distributeurs essayent de développer une réelle activité commerciale sur la toile. Cet enjeu a bouleversé l'organisation de la revente des produits en se posant en concurrent et en complément des réseaux traditionnels de distribution. Notre travail porte sur l'analyse juridique de l'incidence d'Internet sur les relations entre distributeurs et fournisseurs, plus particulièrement sur le contrat cadre qui lie ces deux parties. Nous avons articulé notre travail autour de la comparaison des systèmes juridiques européen et nord-américain. Nous examinons la coexistence et la compatibilité entre ces réseaux de distribution et la vente virtuelle, pour ensuite, proposer certaines pistes pour le développement des réseaux existant via Internet. / Ever since ecommerce has become a widespread commerciai environment, the distribution networks (new and preexistent), composed of suppliers and distributors, have tried to develop a real commercial activity on the web. This objective upsets the organization of the resale of the products by becoming competitor and complement of the traditional networks of distribution. Our work deals with the legal analysis of the incidence of Internet on the relations between distributors and suppliers, more particularly on the contract which bind these two parties. We articulated our work around the comparison of the European and North-American legal systems. We examine the coexistence and compatibility between of these distribution networks and the virtual merchandising, with the goal of proposing certain avenues for the future development of the existing networks through the Internet. Commerce électronique Distribution sélective Distribution exclusive Concurrence E-commerce Selective distribution Exclusive distribution
2	Le droit de la distribution en Tunisie / Distribution law in Tunisia Mellouli, Chams 11 January 2013 (has links) Les relations de distribution sont soumises à différentes contraintes juridiques. Ces contraintes relèvent plus spécialement du droit des contrats et du droit de la concurrence. D'autres matières juridiques, tel le droit du travail ou encore le droit des sociétés, peuvent être concernées. La technique contractuelle permet de répondre et satisfaire à ces contraintes. L'expérience européenne, et en particulier française, a permis de révéler des formules contractuelles identifiables ; il s'agit du contrat de franchise, de concession, de distribution agréée ou sélective et également des contrats de regroupement entre distributeurs. Ces formes particulières d'accords de distribution s'agrègent à des formules plus générales, tel la vente, le mandat, la commission ainsi qu'à des techniques contractuelles tel le contrat-cadre. L'objet de la thèse est d'apprécier la transposition de ces formules de contrats et techniques contractuelles en droit tunisien. L'étude des règles régissant les contrats de la distribution et les rapports entre les différents intervenants, permettra de systématiser un droit de la distribution en Tunisie. / The distribution relationships are subject to various legal obligations and regulations. These obligations rise mainly from contract law and competition law. However, other legal subject matters, such as labor law or corporate law could be involved. The contractual technique allows to meet these obligations. The European experience and more particularly the French one, have allowed to reveal identifiable contractual methods, mostly related to franchising agreements, concession agreements, approved or selective distribution agreements, and consolidation agreements between distributors. These specific distribution agreements aggregates with more general methods such as the sale deeds, the mandates, the commissions in addition to contractual techniques as the master agreement. The subject matter of this thesis is to estimate the transposition of these contractual methods and techniques in Tunisian law. The study and analysis of the rules governing distribution agreements and relationship between the different intervening parties, shall allow to systematize and set standards for distribution law in Tunisia. Distribution Franchise Concession Distribution sélective Consommateur Distribution Franchising Concession Selective distribution Consumer
3	The Study of Traditional Bakery¡¦s Marketing Strategy ¡VThe Case of Wu Chi Bakery Wu, I-Chen 07 September 2011 (has links) The research has investigated the traditional bakery¡¦s marketing strategy. In recent years, traditional bakery store has impacted by the introduce of western diet culture and people being used to having western bakery food. Using the case of Wu Chi Bakery, as a well-known bakery store in local, it has faced the difficulty. The framework of the research is according to the developing procedure of marketing strategy. To understand the marketing environment of the bakery industry and the marketing strategy of the Wu Chi Bakery. The conclusions as below: 1. Product strategy: Characteristics of the product is the most important factor when consumer have to decide whether to purchase. 2. Promotion strategy: Service and introduction is the most efficiency way to promote the product. 3. Channel strategy: Using selective distribution strategy to expand channels. 4. Price strategy: To unify the price, using single-price strategy ,except for bulk purchase. According to the conclusions, suggestions are as below: 1. Taking advantage of being specialty. 2. Enlarging channels. 3. Varying the product line. 4. Combined with related industries. marketing strategy product strategy promotion strategy channel strategy price strategy selective distribution
4	Selective distribution systems in practice : Consequences of and justifications for selective distribution together with effects of the new Block Exemption Regulation Johansson, Eva January 2010 (has links) <p>On 1 June 2010, a new Block Exemption Regulation (BER) and new Guidelines that affect the practical use of selective distribution systems enter into force. The BER exempts vertical agreements, such as selective distribution agreements, from the prohibition of Article 101 (1) TFEU. It is significant for individual market players to obtain knowledge of what impact the new BER and the new Guidelines have for the practical use of selective distribution systems.</p><p>The Commission has amended the new BER and the new Guidelines in the light of the development the last decade. Two main changes are noticed that affect the content of the new legislative documents. Firstly, it is established that many distributors have obtained larger market shares. Secondly, it is stated that Internet sales have increased largely. The basic principles of the new versions of the BER and the Guidelines are identical with the former versions but the present changes are although noticeable for companies and their selective distribution systems.</p><p>The new BER contains a new market share rule that is more restrictive than the corresponding rule in the former BER. However, the new market share rule is not an expression of a less tolerant approach towards selective distribution systems; rather an amendment necessary due to the development of distributors’ market shares.</p><p>The growth of distribution in the Internet the last ten years is reflected in the new Guidelines. The Commission’s approach towards the Internet as a distribution method seems in general to be positive. It is noticeable that the Commission wants that parties of selective distribution agreements shall be able to benefit from all the positive effects of online sales at the same time as the Commission tries to preserve the positive effects of selective distribution.</p><p>This thesis describes and examines the practical use of selective distribution systems. Different reasons for companies to use selective distribution systems and effects of the new BER and Guidelines are in particular examined.</p> European competition law Block Exemption Regulation selective distribution Competition law Marknads- och konkurrensrätt
5	Selective distribution systems in practice : Consequences of and justifications for selective distribution together with effects of the new Block Exemption Regulation Johansson, Eva January 2010 (has links) On 1 June 2010, a new Block Exemption Regulation (BER) and new Guidelines that affect the practical use of selective distribution systems enter into force. The BER exempts vertical agreements, such as selective distribution agreements, from the prohibition of Article 101 (1) TFEU. It is significant for individual market players to obtain knowledge of what impact the new BER and the new Guidelines have for the practical use of selective distribution systems. The Commission has amended the new BER and the new Guidelines in the light of the development the last decade. Two main changes are noticed that affect the content of the new legislative documents. Firstly, it is established that many distributors have obtained larger market shares. Secondly, it is stated that Internet sales have increased largely. The basic principles of the new versions of the BER and the Guidelines are identical with the former versions but the present changes are although noticeable for companies and their selective distribution systems. The new BER contains a new market share rule that is more restrictive than the corresponding rule in the former BER. However, the new market share rule is not an expression of a less tolerant approach towards selective distribution systems; rather an amendment necessary due to the development of distributors’ market shares. The growth of distribution in the Internet the last ten years is reflected in the new Guidelines. The Commission’s approach towards the Internet as a distribution method seems in general to be positive. It is noticeable that the Commission wants that parties of selective distribution agreements shall be able to benefit from all the positive effects of online sales at the same time as the Commission tries to preserve the positive effects of selective distribution. This thesis describes and examines the practical use of selective distribution systems. Different reasons for companies to use selective distribution systems and effects of the new BER and Guidelines are in particular examined. European competition law Block Exemption Regulation selective distribution Competition law Marknads- och konkurrensrätt
6	La distribution électronique : franchise et Internet Cheaib, Wassim 04 1900 (has links) Depuis que le commerce électronique est devenu un environnement commercial assez répandu, les réseaux de distribution (nouveaux et préexistants) composés de fournisseurs et de distributeurs essayent de développer une réelle activité commerciale sur la toile. Cet enjeu a bouleversé l'organisation de la revente des produits en se posant en concurrent et en complément des réseaux traditionnels de distribution. Notre travail porte sur l'analyse juridique de l'incidence d'Internet sur les relations entre distributeurs et fournisseurs, plus particulièrement sur le contrat cadre qui lie ces deux parties. Nous avons articulé notre travail autour de la comparaison des systèmes juridiques européen et nord-américain. Nous examinons la coexistence et la compatibilité entre ces réseaux de distribution et la vente virtuelle, pour ensuite, proposer certaines pistes pour le développement des réseaux existant via Internet. / Ever since ecommerce has become a widespread commerciai environment, the distribution networks (new and preexistent), composed of suppliers and distributors, have tried to develop a real commercial activity on the web. This objective upsets the organization of the resale of the products by becoming competitor and complement of the traditional networks of distribution. Our work deals with the legal analysis of the incidence of Internet on the relations between distributors and suppliers, more particularly on the contract which bind these two parties. We articulated our work around the comparison of the European and North-American legal systems. We examine the coexistence and compatibility between of these distribution networks and the virtual merchandising, with the goal of proposing certain avenues for the future development of the existing networks through the Internet. / "Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures En vue de l'obtention du grade de LL.M. Dans le programme de maîtrise en droit" Commerce électronique Distribution sélective Distribution exclusive Concurrence E-commerce Selective distribution Exclusive distribution
7	Les contrats de mariage religieux comme contrats de distribution sélective : cas de cinq communautés religieuses au Liban / Religious marriage contracts as selective distribution contrats : the case of five religious communities in Lebanon Antoun-Nakhle, Racquel 03 September 2012 (has links) L’objectif central de cette thèse est de montrer que les contrats de mariage religieux de cinq communautés libanaises s’identifient aux contrats de distribution sélective et que les comportements des ménages (en termes de prise de décision, d’offre de travail et de fertilité) sont largement expliqués par cette proximité législative. L’analogie entre ces deux types de contrats apparaît clairement au niveau des points suivants : d’abord, au niveau de l’objet du contrat, contrat d’échange et de réciprocité. Ensuite, au niveau des rapports entre les parties, la femme est assimilée au concessionnaire et l’époux au concédant, il est question de collaboration et d’interdépendance. En outre, au niveau de l’asymétrie dans les obligations des parties, tout comme le contrat de distribution sélective est dit contrat léonin au profit du concédant le contrat de mariage renferme des clauses patriarcales. Enfin, la rupture du contrat pose le problème de la précarité de la situation du concessionnaire. C’est la dimension « asymétrie dans les droits et les obligations » entre les parties qui détermine la proximité de chaque type de contrat de mariage de la distribution sélective. Et c’est par rapport à ce prisme que les choix des ménages seront analysés. Dans cette perspective, l’approche entrepreneuriale de la famille est retenue parmi les modèles d’analyse économique de la famille. Cette approche a l’avantage de considérer que la relation matrimoniale tout comme la relation commerciale est régie par un contrat. Une enquête est menée pour vérifier l’impact de la législation matrimoniale sur les choix des ménages. Les Beyrouthins semblent être les plus sensibles aux clauses contractuelles. / This thesis attempts to look at religious marriage contracts of five Lebanese communities as selective distribution contracts and to explain the economic behavior of households (in terms of decision making, labor supply and fertility) by the proximity between the two legislations. The analogy between these two types of contracts is clear in the following points: First, the analogy is conceived in terms of the purpose of the contract, contract of exchange and reciprocity. Then, at the relationship between the parties, the woman is the dealer and the spouse is the manufacturer, it is about collaboration and interdependence. On the asymmetry in obligations of the parties, as the selective distribution contract is said one-sided contract in favor of the grantor, the marriage contract contains also patriarchal clauses. And finally, the precarious situation of the dealer for breach of contract. This is the “asymmetry in the rights and obligations "between the parties that determines the proximity of each type of religious marriage contract to the selective distribution contract. And it is from this prism that the economic choice of households will be analyzed. In this perspective, the entrepreneurial approach of the family is selected as a model for economic analysis of the family. This approach has the advantage of considering the marital relationship as a relation governed by a contract, as is the case of a trade contract. A survey has been conducted to justify the impact of legislation on the economic choice of Lebanese households. The inhabitants of Beirut seem to be most sensitive to the contractual terms. Economie de la famille Contrat de mariage Mariage religieux Distribution sélective Gouvernance familiale Institution familiale Investissement spécifique Droits de propriété Opportunisme Liban Economics of family Marriage contract Religious marriage Selective distribution Family governance Family institution Specific investment Property rights Opportunism Lebanon
8	Kooperatinės bendrovės "Daržovių centras" produktų paskirstymo valdymas / Management of products distribution for cooperative "Daržovių centras" Dubinskaitė, Jurgita 30 May 2005 (has links) Object of the work: cooperative "Daržovių centras". Subject of the work: distribution of goods. Work purpose: to prepare distribution strategy for organization and to provide for perfection of channel management. Tasks of the work: 1. To analyse goods distribution system; 2. To establish basic variants of formation for distribution channels; 3. To analyse elements of channel management; 4. To analyse channels of distribution for organization and formulate methodical substantiation; 5. To prepare distribution strategy; 6. To provide for perfection of channel management. Methods of the research - questionnaire poll, half-structural interview, analyses and synthesis of literature, SWOT analyse and graphic method. Marketing and Administration Atrankinis paskirstymas Kooperatinė bendrovė Level of distribution channel Retail trade width of distribution channel Selective distribution Intensive distribution Exceptional distribution Length of distribution channel Intensyvus paskirstymas Paskirstymo kanalo lygis Mažmeninė prekyba Paskirstymo kanalo plotis wholesale trade Didmeninė prekyba Išskirtinis paskirstymas Paskirstymo kanalo ilgis Cooperative
9	Le régime juridique du produit de luxe / The legal system of the luxury product Selosse, Philippe 23 June 2017 (has links) Le produit de luxe n’est pas un bien comme les autres. Ses qualités matérielles et immatérielles lui confèrent une valeur particulière qui oblige son producteur à le vendre dans un environnement commercial adapté. La règle de droit peut-elle considérer cette particularité économique ? Paradoxalement, la France est leader mondiale du marché des produits de luxe, mais nul n’est en mesure d’affirmer avec précision ce qu’est le luxe. Intégrer une notion aussi insaisissable au sein d’un raisonnement juridique semble difficile. Pourtant, les atteintes subies par les titulaires des droits du produit de luxe ont convaincu le juge européen de mettre en place des règles protectrices spéciales. Le but poursuivi est légitime. Il s’agit de protéger les investissements réalisés pour vendre et promouvoir le produit de luxe. Mais cette démarche légale s’appuie sur une méthode de qualification qui n’est pas satisfaisante. L’«aura», le «prestige» ou la «sensation» de luxe qui émanent du produit marqué, sont des critères trop subjectifs pour assurer l’application systématique et cohérente de règles protectrices. C’est pourquoi, outre la démonstration d’un corpus de règles applicables au produit de luxe, il convient d’analyser les fondements de sa reconnaissance par le droit positif, ainsi que l’instauration d’un régime unifié reposant sur des critères de définition précis, prenant en considération les qualités intrinsèques de ce bien particulier. / The luxury product is not a product like any other. Its material and immaterial qualities confer a special value that requires its producer to sell it in a proper business environment. The rule of law can it consider this economic feature ? Paradoxically, France is world's leading luxury goods market, but no one is able to state precisely what is luxury. The law seems unsuited to integrate a concept as elusive as luxury. Yet, violations suffered by the owners of luxury product rights have convinced the European judge to set up special protective rules. The aim is legitimate. This is to protect the investments made to sell and promote luxury products. But this legal approach is based on a method of qualification which is not satisfactory. The "will", "prestige" or the "feel" of luxury emanating frombranded product, are too subjective criteria to ensure systematic and consistent implementation of protective rules. Therefore, in addition to the demonstration of a body of rules applicable to the luxury product, it should analyze the foundations of its recognition by positive law and the establishment of a unified system based on criteria precise definition, taking into account the intrinsic qualities of that particular property. Produit de luxe Droit Biens Propriété intellectuelle Oeuvre de l'esprit Oeuvre collective Titularité des droits Savoir-Faire Marque Image de marque Renommée Notoriété Distribution Sélection Environnement commercial Personnel qualifié Licence de marque Distribution sélective Succursale Exclusivité Vendeurs parallèles Parisitisme Luxury product Law Goods Intellectual property Copyrighted work Copyrighted collective work Designs and models Ownership of rights Renown Brand image Notoriety Retail business Distribution system Brand license Selective distribution Parallel sellers Unfair competition Counterfeiting Economic parasitism European market Movement of goods Exhaustion of rights

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