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A Study of the Per Pupil Cost in the High Schools of the Wood County, Ohio, School System as Based Upon Teachers' SalariesSunderman, Richard B. January 1952 (has links)
No description available.
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A Study of the Per Pupil Cost in the High Schools of the Wood County, Ohio, School System as Based Upon Teachers' SalariesSunderman, Richard B. January 1952 (has links)
No description available.
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Economic development in economies with an exhaustible resource: a dynamic computable general equilibrium analysis for the case of IranGhadimi, Hodjatollah January 1993 (has links)
No description available.
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Allocation of funds at the service academies: trends in the ratios of instructional to administrative costs from 1976 through 1995Adams, Carole J. 02 February 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Documentation of Productivity and Efficiency Relationships for a Group of Southern Logging ContractorsWalter, Michael J. 24 August 1998 (has links)
A case study examined contractor demographics, business characteristics, costs and production information from twenty-three tree-length logging firms in six southern states from 1988 to 1994. Firms were evaluated in regard to the economic efficiency with which they converted inputs - dollars of capital, consumables, labor, overhead and insurance and contract hauling - into outputs - tons of wood delivered to the mill. While the firms exhibited a wide range of efficiency, average annual efficiency of all firms combined seemed to be relatively stable for the time period.
Firms delivered between 20,000 and 250,000 tons of wood annually with a median of 61,000 tons. Coastal plain operations tended to be the largest, followed by piedmont, then Appalachian mountain operations. Annual production as a function of annual expenditures showed no obvious economies of scale in operation size.
Most contractors increased annual production during the study, five contractors had production levels in the final year of the study that were less than their first year. Efficiency generally improved in firms that increased production gradually through better utilization of existing capacity. Contractors expanding their operations to increase productivity seemed to suffer efficiency losses more often than gains. Those firms that hauled their own wood had higher efficiencies than firms that contracted out trucking. There were no significant efficiency differences between loggers in the three physiographic regions within their respective trucking strategies. Efficiency generally declined as average annual hauling distance increased, however a regression equation explained only 18% of the variation in total economic efficiency. / Master of Science
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Innovation Output and the Cost of FundsAlmomen, Adel Abdulkareem 12 1900 (has links)
Do firms with higher levels of innovation output, measured by patent counts and citations, enjoy lower costs of funds? The process to develop and apply for patents involves valuable resources. Thus, applying for a patent is a credible signal that the underlying invention is valuable. This value is validated to some degree when the patent is granted. In addition, patents contain detailed information about the firm's inventions and provide collateral value as they can be sold and licensed. The number of citations a firm receives act as a proxy for high-quality inventions, active networking, and pioneering. These attributes are expected to attract investors and reduce the cost of funds.
Univariate and cross-sectional regression analyses of a sample consisting of 404,595 firm-years, involving firms from twenty-eight countries spanning from 1976 to 2012, demonstrate a significant negative association between innovation output and the cost of funds. The evidence suggests that the marginal benefit of innovation diminishes as innovation output increases. The results are robust to different measures of the cost of equity and the cost of debt.
The negative association between the cost of equity and innovation output is economically larger for younger and smaller firms. The long-term level of innovation seems to be more important to shareholders than short-term changes of innovation. In addition, shareholders demonstrate an ability to discern between low and high-quality innovations, as they require lower rates of returns when initial patents exhibit a high quality. Shareholders place more value on innovation output when firms operate in countries with legal systems that are more effective in controlling self-dealing practices, in countries that have higher economic freedom, and in countries that have more developed financial markets.
The correlation between the cost of debt and innovation output is predominantly derived by larger, more mature, and more leveraged firms. Innovation output and the cost of debt are not correlated for low levels of innovation; however, medium and high levels of innovation output relative to peer firms are associated with lower costs of bonds. The findings suggest that the effect of innovation on the cost of debt is stronger in countries with more developed financial markets and in countries characterized by higher levels of economic freedom. Practices that control for self-dealing do not affect the association between innovation output and the cost of debt.
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An evaluation of environmental costs of agricultural inputs : a survey on selected farms, South AfricaMlangeni, Nkosana Samuel January 2016 (has links)
Thesis (MBA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / The objective of this study was to determine the environmental impact of agricultural inputs, to know if the environmental impacts of agricultural inputs have environmental costs, and to know who bears the environmental costs of agricultural inputs. Using a purposive sampling method, the researcher studied six farms from Chief Albert Luthuli Municipal area, Mpumalanga. The research design for the study was a mix of qualitative and quantitative research approaches. Data collection was from primary and secondary sources. Data was collected from the six farmers in Albert Lithulu, in addition secondary data was collected from the archives of Index Mundi, the University of Pretoria, the US EPA and the World Bank. Using a mix of correlation and regression analysis, findings from the study provided an answer to the three research objectives. Findings from the analysis of correlation and regression indicated that agricultural input (fertilizer, used in this study) does affect the environment; it causes an agricultural induced emission of greenhouse gases (nitrous oxide and methane). Furthermore, findings from analysis of potential environmental costs of environmental impacts (methane and nitrous oxide) showed that agricultural inputs have social costs for South Africa. Furthermore, the final findings in this study showed that the environmental costs from agricultural inputs are born by the victims. Consequently the study recommends additional environmental regulation to enable farmers internalise some of the environmental costs of agricultural inputs that are born by victims. Further research is suggested to determine the model that may be used to internalise environmental costs of agricultural inputs back to the farms.
Key Words: farms, environmental costs, agricultural inputs, externalities
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Relationship Between Health Care Costs and Type of InsuranceBuker, Macey 01 January 2017 (has links)
Continued escalation in health care expenditures in the United States has led to an unsustainable model that consumes almost 20% of GDP. Policymakers have recognized the need for industry reform and have taken action through the passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). The purpose of this quantitative, longitudinal study was to examine the relationship between the type of health insurance and health care costs. Mechanism theory and game theory provided the theoretical framework. The analysis of secondary data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project included a sample of 1,956,790-inpatient hospital stays from 2007 to 2014. Results of one-way ANOVAs indicated that between 2% and 9% of health care costs could be attributed to type of health insurance, a statistically significant finding. Results also supported the effectiveness of the ACA in stabilizing health care costs. The average annual rate of health care cost increase was 38.6% from 2007 until 2010, decreasing to an average annual increase of 4.3% from 2011 until 2014. Results provide important information to generate positive social change for consumers, providers, and policymakers. This includes improving decisions related to health care costs, improved understanding of the costs of health care services, increased transparency, increased patient engagement, maximizing consumer utility, facilitation of reduction of waste within the industry, and increased understanding of the impact of health policy on health care costs and efficiencies within newly created health policies. Results may also improve transparency of health care costs, which allows consumers, providers, and policymakers to take specific action to reduce health care costs, resulting in a more just and sustainable health care model.
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Measurement and analysis of construction labour productivityTalhouni, Bassam T. K. January 1990 (has links)
An analytical approach for explaining the variability in labour intensive construction operations has been developed. A consistent method of collecting productivity developed jointly at the Pennsylvania State University and the University of Dundee has been refined and tested. Data has been collected daily from seven Scottish sites for continuous periods of up to 3 months. Not only productivity but many of the factors affecting it have been measured. A comprehensive, computerised database has been designed to facilitate data storage and manipulation. The quantification of the impact of each individual factor is based on the assumption that deviations from an operative?s normal output arise because of disturbances imposed by a multiplicity of site factors. The impact of each individual factor causes the average daily productivity to change.
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Data base accuracy and integrity as a precondition for overhead allocationsFechner, H. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2004. / Includes bibliography.
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