Focusing on interactions between Britain and the US in the field of popular song, this thesis explores the constitutive relationship between discourse, performance, and identity via critical and postcolonial theory. I interrogate how and why nostalgic and essentialising visions of alterity were used to resist mass consumption, global capitalism, and the changes wrought by modernity during the twentieth century. I argue that folk music does not exist outside the discourse of revivalism and is therefore best seen as an institutionalised system of knowledge animating the 'low Other'. Chapter 1, '"Dancing Puppets": Nationalism, Social Darwinism, and the Transatlantic Invention of Folksong', uncovers moments of mediation between 'primitive' cultures and metropolitan elites during the early twentieth century. Employing the idea of gatekeeping, I critique a genealogy of powerful voices including Cecil J. Sharp and John A. Lomax alongside others who persistently challenged their orthodoxies. Chapter 2, '"His Rough, Stubborn Muse": Industrial Balladry, Class, and the Politics of Realism', investigates Marxist visions of working-class culture, showing how ideas of rural authenticity were translated onto urban contexts. Focusing on the BBC 'radio ballads', I argue that industrial folksong was a form of social realism intended as a gendered bulwark against threats posed by Americanisation and postwar affluence. Chapter 3, '"Found True and Unspoiled": Blues, Performance, and the Mythology of Racial Display', explores African American culture, showing how desires written into a revivalist gaze forced artists to assume what I term 'black masks' for the benefit of white male fantasy. Focusing on televised performances, I argue that the semiotics of blues events provide a way of understanding the workings of racial identity itself. I conclude by proposing that what I term the 'folkloric imagination' is a simulacrum brought into existence by ideological fantasy - a manifestation of the colonialist Real.

The valley and region in which Murray is located was well known to the trappers and exploreres before the Mormon Pioneers entered the area. The Escalante expedition visited the general area as early as September of 1776, and left a description of Utah Valley and its inhabitants. While in the Utah Valley, the Indians gave the Spaniards information about the valley to the north and the lake there.Come fifty years later, the region became well known to the fur trappers of the great fur companies. Peter Skene Ogden, Jedediah Smith, and Provost with their companies of men traversed the region and became well acquainted with it. After the arrival of the first trappers, the area was often visited by white men, either trapping or exploring.With the Mormons entering the valley, came the settlers who were to make the first settlement at South Cottonwood. Green Flake, a member of the first party of pioneers is reported to have built a house for James Flake in the area where the Mississippi Saints settled in 1848. This area became known as the Amasa Lyman Survey and was the nucleus from which the South Cottonwood ard grew.

The establishment of Zion has been a goal of interest to every dispensation. The building of temples and participation in temple ordinances has likewise been a practice of many generations throughout history. In the present dispensation, Joseph Smith declared the need to construct temples in connection with the building of a Latter-day Zion.The purpose of this study has been to discover a correlation between temple activity and the development of the Church membership in their preparation for the establishment of Zion. It has been concluded that the temples do perform a very significant role in the development of the Latter-day Saints as a zion-people prior to their establishment of a zion-place.

This project uses cartoons to examine a period in Spanish history when the forces of a developing Spanish national identity met with the challenges of war and decolonization. I argue that fear of an uncertain future combined with the disaster of a collapsing empire were projected onto the images of the enemy and are preserved in the many editorial cartoons of the age. By deconstructing the iconology in these cartoons, and by exploring the dialectic of otherness present in these images, I reconstruct the turn-of-the-century Spanish identity that emerged during a period of rapid transition.

<p>In Canada, as in the United States, cities seemed to many to be in complete disarray in the 1960s. Growing populations and the resultant increased demands for housing fed rapid suburban sprawl, creating a postwar burst of urban and suburban planning as consultants were hired in city after city to address the challenges of the postwar era. During this period expressway proposals sparked controversy in urban centres across the developed world, including every major city in Canada, namely Vancouver, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montréal and Halifax. Residents objected to postwar autocentric planning designed to encourage and promote the continued growth of city centres. Frustrated by unresponsive politicians and civic officials, citizen activists challenged authorities with an alternate vision for cities that prioritized the safeguarding of the urban environment through the preservation of communities, the prevention of environmental degradation, and the promotion of public transit. As opponents recognized the necessity of moving beyond grassroots activism to established legal and government channels to fight expressways, their protests were buoyed by the rapidly rising costs that plagued the schemes. By the latter half of the 1960s, many politicians and civil servants had joined the objectors. Growing concerns over the many costs of expressways -- financial, social, environmental, and eventually, political -- resulted in the defeat of numerous expressway networks, but most were qualified victories with mixed legacies.</p> <p>Expressway disputes were an instrumental part of a wider struggle to define urban modernity, a struggle that challenged the basis of politicians and civil servants power by questioning their legitimacy as elected leaders and uniquely qualified experts, respectively. The subsequent emergence of urban reform groups that sought to change the direction of city development by challenging the autocratic municipal bureaucracies was the direct legacy of expressway and other development battles. Despite this, autocentric planning continued and demands for greater citizen participation did not result in significant changes to the form and function of municipal governments.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p>This thesis uses newly available archival material from the Arehivio Storieo del Ministero degli Affari Esteri, especially Ciano's Gabinetto, the Foreign Ministry office under which Mussolini and Ciano successively centralized and tightened Fascist control of foreign policy, as well as the Serie Affari PolWei, copies of telegrams from embassies abroad plus the diplomatic traffic sent from the Gabinetto to various embassies. This research represents the most comprehensive archival study to date. It also adds a substantially new interpretive cast to the historical debate. It considers but rejects the writings of recent revisionist Italian historians, especially the late Renzo De Felice and several of his students. Their work inaccurately presents a picture of Italy balanced between England and Germany, hoping to play the role of the 'decisive weight' in European affairs.</p> <p>This study argues instead that Benito Mussolini was the primary animator of Italian foreign policy during the 1930s. He was a programmatic thinker, whose ultranationalist mentalite included contempt for democracies, Bolshevism in Western Europe, and for the international Masonic order. More seriously, he held profoundly racist, militarist and social Darwinist beliefs, and routinely acted on these impulses. This complex of irrational beliefs led Mussolini to align Italy with Germany to expand the Italian Empire in East and North Africa at the expense ofBritain and France.</p> <p>From June 1936 to early February 1939, Mussolini clearly tightened Italian ties with Germany. These links allowed the Duce to challenge the Western democracies on a broad number of issues. Although Mussolini hoped to achieve many concessions through a process of alternate intimidation and conciliation, he ultimately knew that he could realize his main territorial goals only through war with France and Britain. Only an alliance with Hitler's Germany offered Mussolini the chance to achieve his grandiose imperial plans, though at the profound risk ofdomination by Germany and military defeat against Britain.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis sets out to re-locate and redefine the historical arguments around the development of the Modern Movement in architecture. It investigates the development of architectural modernism in Central Europe from 1895-1939 in the towns and cities of the multinational Habsburg Empire, in a creative milieu in which opposition, contrast and difference were the norm. It argues that the evolution of the Modern Movement through the independent nations that arose from the Empire constituted an early and significant engagement with urbanisation, planning and architectural modernism that has been largely overlooked by western scholarship. By reviewing the extant literature in discussion with Central European authorities and by drawing upon a little known range of sources, this thesis brings into focus the role of key individuals such as Plečnik, Fabiani and Kotěra and it explores the significance of developments in town planning in places like Zagreb and Ljubljana. In restoring some of this missing detail and revisiting some of the key sites, the thesis reveals how Central European individuals made early and significant contributions to the development of architectural modernism and the Modern Movement that have hitherto received little critical acknowledgement. What this research reveals is how these figures developed what can be seen as local solutions, rooted in the context and culture of individual towns and cities and their unique histories. However more significantly, this thesis also demonstrates that these independent initiatives were formed with an understanding of - and in response to - wider national and international developments in the field of architectural modernism. In this connection, the thesis can be regarded as part of an emerging academic effort to redress the history of the Modern Movement and an attempt to set in motion a raft of suggestion for further research into this rich field of cultural endeavour.

The sixteenth and early-seventeenth centuries saw the development of a British identity that was contingent upon a shared dynasty through intermarriage and the composite monarchy of James VI and I, religious developments that led to both Scotland and England breaking with the Roman Catholic Church, and especially England’s overseas colonial empire. Using sources representative of the nascent print culture, the Calendar of State Papers, the Letters and Papers of Henry VIII, and Journals from the House of Commons, this project argues that contrary to prior historical analysis of Britain, empire, and English imperialism that British identity in the sixteenth century became a collaborative process which included both Scots and English. With this in mind, the project suggests that historians must incorporate Scottish angles to the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and that future studies should include analysis of Scots in the early Atlantic and English imperial worlds.

This thesis focuses on Swedish soldiers and their crimes against God within the Swedish army. In the late seventeenth century, the Swedish army reformed. Earlier wars had proven the old military system of enrolment and jurisdiction ineffective, stressing the fact that new articles of war were needed. In the new statutory framework no less than the first 22 articles determine the conditions of religion and its practice, proclaiming apostasy and heresy as the worst crimes within the army. Nonetheless, research has shown an over-representation of soldiers, or former soldiers committing these types of crimes, addressing the origin of these crimes to the military profession and the military environment. However, the knowledge about this is limited, and how the military adjudication dealt with these matters is highly neglected. By using the theoretical concepts of place and space (in Swedish plats and rum) alongside a theoretical culture perspective, this study aims to examine the contents of military legislation and how the military adjudicated these crimes, and will show that crimes, such as making a deal with the Devil, was a part of the military culture.

Orientador: Ana Clara Bortoleto Nery / Banca: Maria Rita de Almeida Toledo / Banca: Rosa Fátima Souza / Resumo: Com o objetivo de compreender as formas pelas quais Saudade, do autor Thales Castanho de Andrade, se constitui como uma obra importante da literatura infantil brasileira, enquanto livro de leitura escolar utilizado nas escolas primárias, durante os anos de 1918 e 1932, apresento esta Dissertação de Mestrado. Para entender que fatores contribuíram para que Saudade se tornasse referência na literatura escolar, faço a análise da 2ª e da 17ª edições do livro, publicadas em 1920 e 1932, respectivamente. A análise terá como referencial teórico as idéias de Roger Chartier, numa abordagem identificada como "história cultural". Segundo Chartier (1991), esta abordagem está focada na compreensão, manipulação e estudo de textos, impressos de formas variadas, em seu contexto histórico e social. Saudade foi escrito num momento histórico que dá início a publicação de uma literatura escolar, da qual se origina a literatura infantil brasileira como gênero literário. Foi destinado à leitura escolar nas séries do curso primário das escolas brasileiras; adotado principalmente, nos estados de São Paulo, Paraná, Ceará e no Distrito Federal, segundo a Revista da Sociedade de Educação, de 1923. O livro foi escrito em um momento de grande efervescência nacional no campo econômico, cultural, político e educacional, e estava comprometido com o processo de ruralização. O autor de Saudade, piracicabano, foi escritor e educador, e manteve relações de amizade ou convívio pessoal com pessoas importantes para a educação no Brasil, dentre elas, Sampaio Dória, Sud Mennucci, Monteiro Lobato e Lourenço Filho. Neste trabalho, levou-se em conta a afirmação de Roger Chartier de que é preciso unir duas perspectivas: estudar o próprio texto e os impressos que lhe dão suporte. / Abstract: The aim of this research is to comphehend how Saudade, written by Thales Castanho de Andrade, constitutes an important book of the brazilian literary production made for children, once it was used as pedagogical reading in Elementary Schools during the period from 1918 to 1932. To enlighten what factors contributed to make Saudade so important as a reference in the pedagogical literature, I analysed the 2nd and 17th editions of the book, published en 1920 and 1932, respectively. The analyses will be held by Roger Chartier's ideas, approaching the "cultural history". According to Chartier (1991), this approachfocuses on the comprehension, manipulation and study of printed texts in several ways, and also on its historical and social contexts. Saudade was written in a historical epoch which makes na entry of the pedagogical publishing, from which originates the brazilian literary production made fr children as a literary order. The book was destinated to pedagogical reading on the brazilian Elementary Schols; being used, mainly, in the Estates of São Paulo, Paraná, ceará and in the Federal District, according to the Education Society Magazine, from 1923. The novel was produced in a time of great effervescence on the economy, culture, politics and education, and was linked to the process of ruralism. The author of Saudade, piracicabano, was writer and educator, keeping relations of frienship or docial companionship with important people for education in Brazil; among them, Sampaio Dória, Sud Mennucci, Monteiro Lobato and Lourenço Filho. In this research, I considered the words of Roger Chartier that say it is necessary to join two perspectives: studying the text itself and the other printed matters that support it. / Mestre