Au cours de la période des longues années soixante, le Royaume-Uni fut traversé par un cycle de contestation lors duquel différents groupes de militants firent valoir un large éventail de revendications. Un certain nombre de similarités peut être observé dans leurs idéologies, leurs tactiques et leurs symboles, comme par exemple leur volonté de lutter pour leur « libération » de « l’oppression » impérialiste, paternaliste, raciste, sexiste, homophobe ou même de délivrer les animaux de la domination humaine. Ces similitudes suscitent logiquement de nombreuses questions, notamment les suivantes : comment expliquer ces parallèles ? Quels sont les liens qui ont rendu possible la diffusion de ces éléments ? Dans quelle mesure la diffusion a-t-elle contribué à l’évolution de la contestation dans les longues années soixante au Royaume-Uni ? Afin d’y répondre, cette thèse s’efforcera d’analyser séparément les différents mouvements sociaux de la période, en accordant une importance particulière à leurs interactions et à leurs rôles au sein du cycle. En fournissant un modèle aux groupes de militants qui l’adaptent ensuite à leur propre cause, les processus de diffusion viennent nourrir et amplifier la dynamique protestataire. Il ne s’agit donc pas d’un simple phénomène de mimétisme, mais d’un procédé créatif témoignant d’activités complexes de construction du sens. Le choix de la source d’inspiration est également très significatif, d’autant plus que celle-ci peut se situer dans un autre pays ou une autre époque. Ainsi, il conviendra de démontrer que la diffusion peut opérer de manière diachronique au sein d’un même territoire, comme de manière synchronique lorsque les militants jettent leur dévolu sur un mouvement aux revendications différentes ou ayant lieu à l’étranger. / During the Long Sixties, the United Kingdom witnessed the rise of a protest cycle allowing various groups of activists to press for a wide array of claims. A number of similarities can be observed in their ideologies, tactics and symbols, such as their willingness to fight for their “liberation” from “oppression”, be it imperialist, paternalistic, racist, sexist, homophobic or even to free animals from human domination. These analogies raise a number of questions, notably: how can these parallels be explained? What are the links that enabled the diffusion of these elements? To what extent did diffusion processes contribute to the evolution of protest during the Long Sixties in the United Kingdom? To answer these questions, this thesis will analyse the social movements of the period separately, whilst paying particular attention to their interactions with one another and their role within the protest cycle. By providing other groups of activists with a model that they can adapt to their own cause, diffusion processes can swell and escalate the dynamics of contention. Hence, they differ from pure mimicry; they show how meaning is carefully constructed through creative adaptations. The choice of a particular source of inspiration is also very significant, especially when it can be traced back to another era or country. Therefore, it will be demonstrated that diffusion can occur both diachronically within national boundaries or synchronically between movements making different claims or taking place in a different country.

[pt] A presente tese é construída com o objetivo de contribuir para compreensão das relações entre mobilizações e controle social repressivo, a partir de uma perspectiva socioespacial, tomando como base o ciclo de protestos de 2013 na cidade do Rio de Janeiro e os movimentos de mães e familiares de vítimas de violência de Estado das favelas e periferias da cidade. Trata-se do resultado de uma experiência de pesquisa na qual foi possível acompanhar diretamente as dinâmicas de mobilização e repressão desenvolvidas durante as manifestações de 2013 e, posteriormente, junto aos coletivos e movimentos protagonizados pelas mães e familiares de vítimas de violência de Estado no Rio. Analisa ainda como se constitui a luta dos familiares em torno da reivindicação pública e elaboração política do luto e do sofrimento pela perda de um ente querido. Observou-se que durante o ciclo de protestos uma lógica repressiva de intervenções militarizadas desenvolvidas tanto no asfalto, quanto nas favelas, alcançou maior expressividade na cena pública, assim como, os eventos de protesto desencadeados pelos atores sociais nos dois contextos. Nesse sentido, a abordagem compreende os efeitos das interações entre repressão e mobilizações e explicita todo um conjunto de repertórios, de enquadramentos e de modos de subjetivação que se produzem, se conservam e se transformam no curso do tempo, resultando, de um lado, na produção da criminalização do inimigo, que pode ser o insurgente e o indesejável da cidade e, de outro lado, na produção de práticas, estratégias e elaborações simbólicas e discursivas por parte dos atores sociais, que constituem enquadramentos de luta por Voz e por direitos. / [en] The thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between mobilization and repressive social control, from a socio-spatial perspective, based on the 2013 protests cycle in the city of Rio de Janeiro and the movements of mothers and relatives of victims of state violence from the city s slums and suburbs. It is the result of a research experience in which it was possible to follow directly the dynamics of political mobilization and state repression developed during the 2013 demonstrations and, later, with the groups and movements carried out by the mothers and relatives of victims of state violence in Rio. It also comprises how their struggle around the public claim and the political elaboration of mourning and suffering for the loss of a loved one is constituted. It was noticed that during the cycle of protests a repressive logic of militarized interventions developed in both asphalt and favelas reached greater expressiveness in the public scene, as well as the protest events developed by social actors, in both contexts. In this sense, the approach understands the effects of the interactions between repression and mobilization and clarifying a whole set of repertoires, frameworks and modes of subjectivation that are produced, conserved and transformed over time, resulting on one hand, in the production of the criminalization of the enemy, which may be the insurgent and the undesirable of the city, and, on the other hand, in the production of symbolic and discursive practices, strategies and frames by the social actors who constitute the political struggle for their Voice and for their rights.