Nel presente lavoro di tesi si sostiene che la disabilità infantile si produce nelle pratiche lavorative di operatrici e operatori dei servizi il cui agire diviene dis-abilitante poiché fortemente vincolato alle forme istituzionali, materiali e simboliche, della relazione terapeutica ed educativa. Attraverso la relazione individuale con l'educatrice/ore, l'abitudine a tenere il ragazzo certificato fuori dalla classe, l'orientamento scolastico alle scuole professionali, l'impossibilità di costruire percorsi educativi continuativi e in contesti eterogenei, ma anche attraverso i numerosi documenti necessari per attivare i percorsi di integrazione scolastica e le normative emesse dal Ministero dell'Istruzione, la disabilità viene quotidianamente prodotta e riprodotta. Questa, infatti, non pre-esiste alle pratiche che vengono messe in atto ma è parte di esse. Allo stesso tempo tale riproduzione coesiste sempre con tentativi di trasformazione che il “lavoro vivo”, di relazione (di cura o educativa), necessariamente implica. Parallelamente, nel corso dell'elaborato, viene sviluppata una riflessione sul ruolo sociale della ricerca come dispositivo di trasformazione. La ricerca(trice) che riconosce questo spazio di tensione tra riproduzione e trasformazione nel lavoro di operatrici e operatori può infatti scegliere di sostenere , attraverso il metodo stesso di ricerca, l'una o l'altra tendenza. Nel caso in cui si opti per la seconda è prima di tutto la pratica di ricerca a divenire campo di partecipazione e terreno di negoziazione per le alternative possibili e percorribili. Un necessario passo verso il cambiamento parte dunque dal riconoscere che tra ricercatrici/ricercatori e soggetti della ricerca, così come tra operatrici/operatori e “utenti”, vi è un campo comune di bisogni e intenti a partire dal quale solamente si possono ri-costruire pratiche educative, di cura e di liberazione. / The present thesis states that childhood disability is produced in the everyday practices of health and social workers. Their practices become dis-abling because are strongly tied to the institutionalized forms, material and symbolic, of the therapeutic and educational relation. Through the individualization of the relation with the educator, the habit of taking the “certified” child out of the class, the tendency to orient disable students to professional schools, the impossibility of creating continuous and heterogeneous educational paths, but also through the many documents needed to start school integration programs, disability is daily produced and reproduced, it is enacted. Disability does not pre-exist workers practices, but is part of them. At the same time reproduction always coexists with the possibility of difference and attempts to transformation. This tension is in fact constitutive of “live work in action” implicated in therapeutic and educational relation. Simultaneously in the thesis, the author develops a reflection on the social role of research as a tool for transformation. The research(er) who recognizes this “field of tension” between reproduction and transformation in the practices of health and social workers may choose to sustain, through the method of the research itself, the first or the second tendency. If we decide to choose the second, the practice of research first of all becomes a field of participation and negotiation for alternative possibilities. A necessary step towards change, thus, starts from recognizing that there are common needs and intents between researchers and subjects of research, and between social/health workers and “users”. Only from this common ground it is possible to re-build practices of care, education and liberation.

Questa tesi consiste nell'analisi socio-antropologica delle risposte al sisma che il 20 e il 29 maggio ha colpito l'area nord della pianura padano-emiliana, in Italia. La zona precisa di ricerca è stata quella compresa tra i comuni di Mirandola, Cavezzo, Concordia sul Secchia e San Possidonio, della provincia di Modena. Il soggetto specifico è stato Sisma.12, un comitato di terremotati, apartitico e trasversale, che porta avanti specifiche rivendicazioni, elaborando e ponendo in essere politiche “dal basso”, che nascono dalle esperienze dei suoi membri, differenti ma partecipate, come alternative alle scelte messe in atto dalle istituzioni. / This is a contribution to the analysis of the socio-cultural responses to the earthquake that hit the area north of the Po Valley, in Emilia (Italy) on the 20 and 29 of May, 2012. The exact area of research is located in the cities of Mirandola, Cavezzo, Concordia sul Secchia and San Possidonio, all of them situated in the Modena district. The subject of the survey is Sisma.12, a committee founded by some earthquake victims, "not-partisan and ideologically cross" claiming for specific rights. Also offering solutions to such a disaster, starting from the individual experience of its members, though different but participated, as alternative to the choices made by the institutions.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T17:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7058_1.pdf: 1015123 bytes, checksum: e7d1186f2738f1281942a56366ff538b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Este trabalho traz uma proposta relacionada com as políticas da Nova Gestão Publica que é avaliação do setor público com ferramentas utilizadas de eficiência na iniciativa privada. Nesse caso verifica-se as unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) do município de Mossoró-RN nos anos de 2008 e 2009 para avaliar a eficiência de alocação dessas unidades. Para a realização desta avaliação usou-se de ferramental de pesquisa operacional. Foram realizados uma série de testes e analisados a evolução dos resultados de um para o outro. Inicialmente foi aplicado teste somente com DEA (Análise por Envoltória de Dados) apresentando um número, consideravelmente, alto de unidades eficientes em relação ao universo e uma média de eficiência muito baixa. Buscando trabalhar os resultados empregou-se, posteriormente, o método de seleção de variáveis Stepwise, após esta aplicação apurou-se resultados, viu-se aumento das unidades básicas eficientes, que isso do ponto de vista da avaliação de eficiência técnica não é bom indicador, pois pode destorcer a realidade, bem como o aumento considerável da eficiência média. Na ocasião de aproximar os números a realidade dos usuários decidiu-se posteriormente, partir para comparação da análise, com inferências dos decisores, foi realizado uma introdução de restrições nas variáveis com aplicação do método SMARTS (Simple-Attribute Rating Technique) e novamente com essas restrições através de coleta qualitativa é aplicado um novo DEA com restrições criadas pelo SMARTS, porém estas restrições necessitaram de redução de folgas. Realizada então para colocar as restrições destro das fronteiras já criadas, uma regressão linear para redução das folgas e partir dessas novas condições, a avaliação passa a ser por tipo de procedimentos utilizados nas unidades de saúde e não por unidade básicas de saúde, dando oportunidade de uma unidade ser eficiente por serviços separadamente. Esta análise distribui melhor a eficiência técnica e consegue responder a proposta do trabalho, encontrando um serviço eficiente por unidade básica, chegando a ter mais de um tipo de serviço eficiente por unidade básica

The Social Welfare expenses of Taiwan local governments are not increasing to follow the social structure in the last few years. According to the increased social issues caused by poverty, people have the position to suspect that our government have not provided organized cares to help those people who suffer from poverty. This study focuses on analyzing the performance of social assistance in local governments and provides possible improvements. This study uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, 5 input and 4 output data analysis, to evaluate the performances of social work in 23 local governments in Taiwan from 2004 to 2006. This evaluation includes CCR, BCC, scale efficiencies, scale-return, slack analysis, and delicacy analysis. From 2004 to 2006, the best management performance of social work is Tainan city and the second best is Kaohsiung city. The third best is Taipei city. The worst management performance of Social assistance is Tainan county and then Miaoli county. The third worst is Taoyuan county.

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An investigation of the measurement in each branch of a is studied in this article. For a manager of a bank, how to promote its operational efficiency i.e., with the least input, including manpower, material resources and etc., to achieve the maximum output (profit), is the most important thing in banking management. Since the scale of a banking organization is so huge, it is rather difficult to evaluate and compare its operational efficiency impartially and objectively. As a result, each individual branch might devote extra manpower, material resources even much more time for creating more profits, and ultimately the organization becoming too bulky, inefficiency, even lack of competitiveness. This paper chiefly confers on the study of the evaluation of operational efficiency for each respective branches of a regional bank, the method adopted in the paper is data envelopment method, the analytical subject in the text for evaluation of operational efficiency of banking branch is Bank of Kaohsiung. By means of analysis of correlation, the corresponding relationship among the input items and output items is led out, and finally the operational efficiency of each individual branch is obtained by DEA method. The management efficiency of branches of Bank of Kaohsiung is solved by the numerical, FORTRAN and IMSL.

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The thesis deals with the heterogenous category of the “unaccompanied minors”, concentrating the scientific work on those who migrate from Romania to the Italian city of Bologna. Between different migratory routes that include Romanian minors, I chose to explore the ones linked with the underground and illegal contexts. In order to analyse the reasons and the morphology of their migratory career, I used the multisituated field research which allowed me to consider the social policies in both the Romanian and the Italian environment. The main debate on the situation of the “unaccompanied children” refers to the extent to which these minors leave their country of origin “accompanied” by different adult figures and it also involves the role played by these adults. The first chapter is dedicated to a brief theoretical and methodological introduction to the main arguments of the thesis such as Romanian migration to Italy, trafficking in human beings, transnationality of migrant’s migration and decentered cooperation as a means of contrasting illegal migration and trafficking. Each field of research is characterized by a specific methodological approach, but they are all linked by the anthropological perspective I adopted throughout the entire work. The Romanian context, analized from a diachronic and a synchronic perspective represents the object of the second chapter. Some aspects of the Regime policies and other characteristics of the Romanian poscomunist period of “transition” are useful frameworks that become a background of the migration flows outside the country. The third chapter focuses on the Romanian patterns of migration. The reconstruction of some past attitudes that Romanians adopted towards migration are relevant in order to reveal the continuity with the present migratory practices. A consistent part is dedicated to a concrete example based on a field research in Bologna on a group of Romanian roma migrating from the south of Romania. The contact with these persons opened a debate on the limits between legal and illegal migration practices among the Romanians. The conclusion is that minors’ migration to Italy follows the adult patterns and flows. The nucleus of the field researches is included in the fourth and the fifth chapter. Before presenting the settings and the itineraries of the field researches, some deconstructive reflections are made on the representations that common sense and social sciences create on concepts as “child”, “minor” and “childhood”. A first perspective on the Romanian migrant minors emerges from a research concentrated on a group of roma teenagers engaged in Bologna in activities like windscreen washing, pocket-picking, begging and street prostitution. The aim of the research was to gain access to their daily life, to observe their relationship with the adults who “accompany” them and the strategies they activate in order to take some material profit out of their migratory experience. A parallel field research focuses on the Romanian minors who are part of the roma group coming from the south of Romania. Most of them are reunited with their family in Bologna, but according to the Italian law, they are all living as illegal migrants. Others are only temporary sheltered by these families and they meanwhile dedicate to illegal survviving practices. An interesting point of my participant observation was to reveal the motivations that these minors give when asked about the refusal to start a legal career inside the local Centres dedicated to the “non accompanied minors”. Their autoreflexivity brings some light on the controversy regarding the adequacy of the local and national care system and the migratory projects the minors have. In this respect, a small part of the research is dedicated to the phenomena of minors’ street prostitution in Bologna, as a useful contribution to the fragmented vision researchers have on the “unaccompanied” or “separated” children. The last chapter focuses on a decentered cooperation project that emerged as an alternative response the local administration from Bologna had chosen for facing the presence of numerous migrants coming from the south of Romania. The group of Romanian roma who was also the object of my field research became the starting point for the cooperation proposals between the city of Bologna and the city of Craiova. Although there are three projects involving the two administrations, throughout a period of stage in the Romanian city of Craiova I chose to analyse, only the one dedicated to the “urgent measures” requested in order to contrast the illegal migration and the trafficking in minors. This final part of the thesis highlightens the possible contribution that such a project might bring to the study of a complex and in some parts contradictory phenomena as that of the “unaccompanied” migrant minors.