This thesis studies general architectural conditions in pursuit of the ideal through specific acts of drawn geometric constructs. It attempts to clear away superimposed doxa from architecture, making space for a demonstration of epistemic constructs. These projections of the ideal carry with them the basic autonomy of form. The demonstrations are a search for what is true in architecture. The purest form of architecture can be found in drawing; drawing is bound to the fundamental axioms of geometric construction. The explorations are situated in the space between the ideal and the natural. Several kinds of parallel projections are developed into a set of rationally constructed demonstrations culminating in the posting of an ideal city. Through the practice of drawing, five propositions emerge. Drawing in a kinetic dimension. Drawing as a reconciliatory act between potentiality and actuality. Drawing in question of perception. Drawing as a precursor to model making and photography. / Master of Architecture / This thesis, through a series of parallel projection demonstrations, is in search of the ideal and the city itself. In doing so, it engages several axonometric projection techniques. Furthermore, this thesis is organized in five categories: drawing construction, tone, exploration of formal relationships, modelmaking, and photography.

Geometry has long been studied and considered sacred for its ability to represent and make comprehensible the myriad phenomena of the natural world. Geometry is idealized form, understood in the mind and can be represented in the two-dimensional realm of drawing. Other geometries exist outside of our minds, in the physical world and can demonstrate universal truths and orders which cause us to be. The act of geometrical demonstration allows for the construction of invisible forces, orders, and patterns underpinning the physical world. This work consists of a series of primarily perspectival drawings which rely on the idea of proportion as a means to construct, demonstrate, and represent potential architectures. / Master of Architecture / Things, such as architecture, should be in accord with the profound order of the world. That order can be revealed with geometry, which governs proportion, and is traced in this work to investigate universal orders via constructed drawings, especially perspectives.

A great deal of attention has been paid to Kant's claim in the Critique of Pure Reason that all theoretical attempts to demonstrate the existence of God must necessarily end in failure. What has received considerably less attention is the fact that throughout his pre-Critical period, i.e., the period prior to the 1781 publication of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant develops a unique argument in support of the possibility of such a demonstration. It is obvious that the Critical Kant can no longer maintain the validity of the argument which he presents in The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God (1763); however, it is not obvious exactly how Kant proves that this argument cannot succeed. This thesis is concerned with providing an explanation of the change in Kant's view concerning the possibility of providing a theoretical demonstration of the existence of God. / Master of Arts

The thesis addresses the legal regulation of the freedom of assembly in the Czech Republic, aiming to analyse the current version of the Assembly Act, point out certain problematic aspects and suggest improvements de lege ferenda, critically assess the relevant case law and provide a comparison with legal regulations in some other countries. Part Two analyses the meaning of the freedom of assembly and the term "assembly", summarising and assessing different opinions on what constitutes an assembly. It addresses the constitutional principle that no permission may be required for organising public assemblies and its implication for so called "accesory activities" during assemblies. Part Three examines the requirement to notify the council about planned assemblies. The time requirement prescribed by the Czech law is compared to the requirements in 30 other - mostly European - countries. The formal requirements of the notifications are analysed in detail. Part Four concerns the power of the council to prohibit an assembly in advance. A considerable part is devoted to the critical evaluation of the case law regarding prohibition of assemblies and the issue of large-scale false notifications, where both constitutionally conform interpretation and amendments of the law are suggested. Conditions under which the...

Programming by demonstration is an end-user programming technique that allows people to create programs by showing the computer examples of what they want to do. Users do not need specialised programming skills. Instead, they instruct the computer by demonstrating examples, much as they might show another person how to do the task. Programming by demonstration empowers users to create programs that perform tedious and time-consuming computer chores. However, it is not in widespread use, and is instead confined to research applications that end users never see. This makes it difficult to evaluate programming by demonstration tools and techniques. This thesis claims that domain-independent programming by demonstration can be made available in existing applications and used to automate iterative tasks by end users. It is supported by Familiar, a domain-independent, AppleScript-based programming-by-demonstration tool embodying standard machine learning algorithms. Familiar is designed for end users, so works in the existing applications that they regularly use. The assertion that programming by demonstration can be made available in existing applications is validated by identifying the relevant platform requirements and a range of platforms that meet them. A detailed scrutiny of AppleScript highlights problems with the architecture and with many implementations, and yields a set of guidelines for designing applications that support programming-by-demonstration. An evaluation shows that end users are capable of using programming by demonstration to automate iterative tasks. However, the subjects tended to prefer other tools, choosing Familiar only when the alternatives were unsuitable or unavailable. Familiar's inferencing is evaluated on an extensive set of examples, highlighting the tasks it can perform and the functionality it requires.

Syftet med studien är att utvärdera hur olika typer av undervisningsformer påverkar begreppsförståelsen och inlärningen. Här jämförs datorsimuleringar med demonstrationer. Studien genomfördes på två grupper i Fysik A i årskurs 2 på gymnasiet, NV-programmet. Innan studien påbörjades hade eleverna haft kontakt med det fysikaliska begreppet rörelse endast på högstadiet. Det vill säga, det som undersöktes var första kontakten på gymnasienivå. Samma diagnos användes före och efter studien. För att samla in data användes enkäter. Det visade sig att simuleringen var bättre när det gäller begreppsförståelsen av dragnings- och normalkraft. Att demonstration var någorlunda bättre i vad gäller friktionskraft innebär att man behöver hitta ytterligare en metod för att motverka den aristoteliska förförståelsen eftersom ingen av dessa två metoder gav tillfredsställande resultat.

Zugl.: Marburg, Univ., Diss., 2006

My dissertation has two main parts. In the first half, I draw out an underlying presupposition of Descartes' philosophy: what I term "atomism of thought." Descartes employs a radical procedure of doubt in order to show that the first principle of his philosophy, the cogito, is an unshakeable foundation of knowledge. In the dialogue that follows his dissemination of the Meditations, Descartes reveals that a whole set of concepts and rational principles innate in our minds are never doubted. These fundamental units of thought are indivisible, distinct, and isolated, and enable the possibility of any rational demonstration. Atoms of thought are perfectly individuated because God has created them as such. Likewise, our minds have been fashioned such that we necessarily have a clear and distinct perception every time we alight upon these simple notions. In the second part of the dissertation, I take up critiques of Descartes' view given by Nietzsche and Heidegger. In the chapter on Nietzsche, I attempt to fill a lacuna in scholarship about Nietzsche's commentary on Descartes. More specifically, I argue that once the foundation of God is displaced, the basis for accepting atomism of thought dissolves. In the final chapter, I analyze Heidegger's critique of Cartesian atomism. I first look at Heidegger's critique of classical truth as correspondence from Being and Time, and show how it is relevant to a critique of atomism. Then I show how the early Heidegger's holistic philosophical framework can provide an alternative that avoids the pitfalls of atomism. While I limit the scope of my analysis to Descartes' particular formulation, atomism of thought was an influential doctrine throughout modern philosophy. This aspect of Cartesianism has persisted and continues to be a significant theoretical underpinning of many contemporary views. It is my contention that Nietzsche and Heidegger have important contributions to make to this area of thought, and the relative neglect of their work in recent scholarship is a detrimental oversight.

Restoration of streams that were formerly channelized for timber-floating has become increasingly common. Generally, this restoration returns boulders from riparian zones to streams, leading to wider, more heterogeneous channels with slower flows. The primary goal is to enhance fish populations, but riparian vegetation is also expected to be favoured. However, increases in floristic diversity have not been observed and reasons for this slow response are still unknown. One possible explanation might be the lack of colonist pools. I therefore investigated how surrounding plant compositions influence riparian recovery. The vascular plant flora was identified in riparian sites and in adjacent upstream riparian and upland sites. Four reach types were included: unchannelized, channelized, restored and demonstration restored. Species richness and floristic similarities among types of sites and reaches were compared. Correlations with upland and upstream channel slopes were made and the importance of variation in seed floating ability was tested. The results show that unchannelized reaches were floristically similar to their adjacent upstream riparian and upland sites, whereas channelized reaches showed more different floras. Restoration created a somewhat more homogeneous flora among the three site types and demonstration restored reaches were most similar to upstream sites. Soil moisture conditions (i.e. wetland vs. forest) in the uplands had stronger impacts on species similarities than upland or upstream channel slopes. I conclude that adjacent sites are important for floristic recovery of riparian reaches and that demonstration restoration is most advantageous for riparian recovery. I recommend protection of upland sites from forestry to facilitate recovery. / Local- and landscape-scale effects on biodiversity after stream restoration

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 102-105.