This practice-led research One Mind - seeks to represent Korean Buddhist architectural aesthetics and Buddhist spiritual ideas using the animated documentary genre as a form of creative representation. It is intended that the piece be shown either as an installation in a gallery, or within a museum or cultural exhibition context. The key goal is to offer this digital artwork to European audiences, in a spirit of engendering the same feeling state as when present in the real monastery, encouraging an understanding of the sacred, and experiencing a form of transcendence. My art work in some ways functions as a digital restoration of sacred architecture outside its real environment and context, and seeks to document cultural heritage and knowledge. One Mind is different from a classic form of documentary, though, because it does not echo the idea of documentary based on live-action footage as a mode of non-fiction record and expression. I have particularly stressed the suggestiveness of the architectural aesthetics and the philosophic principles embedded in the environment. I have sought to bring my own subjective artistic interpretation to Korean Buddhism accordingly, resisting typical character animation and classical narrative, seeking instead, to encourage the viewer to be part of the environment. I focus on the meaning in Buddhist buildings and the landscape they are part of, and dramatise the environment, using the poetic tone of the voice over performance, the sound track of Buddhist chanting, and the visual effects and perspectives of computer generated imagery. This digital visualisation of the Buddhist s spiritual world is informed by a Buddhist s traditional way of life, but, most importantly, by my own past experience, feelings and memory of the Buddhist monastery compound, as a practising artist. My thesis is categorised into eight chapters. Chapter One offers an overview of the aims and objectives of my project. Chapter Two identifies my research questions and my intended methodology. Chapter Three focuses on important background knowledge about Korea s natural and cultural aspects and conditions. Chapter Four offers an analysis of the issue of the Korean cultural identity, suggesting that a more authentic image of Korea and Korean-ness is available in the philosophy and spiritual agenda of Buddhism. Chapter Five addresses the practical ways in which digital restoration of architecture has taken place, identifying three previous cases which both resemble and differ from my own project. Chapter Six looks at the specific characteristics of Korean Seon Buddhism and architecture, and engages with three theoretical approaches about the spatial composition of the monastery, and the ways it may help in constructing the monastery in a digital environment. Chapter Seven offers an evaluation and validation of my artwork, having adopted the approach of creating an animated spiritual documentary to reveal Buddhist philosophy and experience as a model of Korean cultural identity. Chapter Eight offers some conclusions about my intention, process and outcomes.

[pt] Este trabalho de tese trata do emprego de arranjos de antenas em ambientes de comunicação móvel,dando-se ênfase ao canal de dados reverso do Sistema IS-95. Propõe-se dois estimadores: um para a direção de chegada dos sinais e outro para outros dados. Inicialmente é apresentado um estudo sobre arranjos de antenas e dos principais detalhes do sistema IS-95,especialmente a multiplicidade de acesso via divisão por códigos (CDMA).Aborda-se em seguida o problema da estimação da direção da chegada(DOA), onde se constata que os algoritmos mais conhecidos na literarura especializada, tais como Atraso-e-Soma, Capon, MUSIC e ESPRIT, não apresentam desempenho satisfatório quando empregados em ambiente CDMA. Por isso, propõe-se uma versão do método de estimação de máxima verossimilhança (ML) que utiliza a técnica denominada de EM (-Expectation Maximization-).Seu emprego permitir fracionar o problema de otimização multidimensional gerado pelo estimador ML, em últimas estimações de menor dimensão,simplificando sobremaneira a solução. O estimador proposto além da DOA,permite ainda estimar a atenuação e a defasagem dos sinais incidentes. Através de simulações, constata-se que este estimador EM apresenta um desempenho bastante satisfatório.Para tornar mais completa a análise, faz-se ainda uma comparação da variância do erro na estimação da DOA comolimitante de Cramér-Rao. Em presença de multipercursos, propõe-se quatro versões de um estimador de dados, sendo que uma delas utiliza a estrutura de treliça e objetiva a decisão sequencial dos dados. O desenvolvimento de tais estimadores faz uso de bases de espaços vetoriais para representar as funções de walsh, sendo que as operações aritméticas convencionais . Através de simulações constata-se que essas versões apresentam diferentes relações entre de desempenho e custo computacional, o que permite flexibilidade na adequação do seu emprego. / [en] This thesis deals with antenna arrays when used in mobile communication environment, but the emphasis is on the reverse data link of IS-95. Two estimators are proposed: one for the direction-of-arrival (DOA) and other for the data. Initially, study of the antenna arrays is presented together with the main details of the IS-95 System, especially the details related to the code division multiple access (CDMA). After that, the problem of dirction- of-arrival estimation is discussed. It is shown that mostly of the known estimators, such as Delay-and-Sum, Capon, MUSIC and ESPRIT, do not offer reasonable performance when used in CDMA environment. Therefore, a new Maximum- Likelihood (ML) method is proposed using the so-called Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm. The main advantage of using such approach is due to the fact that multidimensional optimization required by ML estimation can be split into several problems of lower dimension, thus simplifying the solution. The proposed estimator, besides the DOA estimation, also allows the estimation of attenuation and phase shift of the arriving signals. Simulations show that EM-estimator offers a fair performance when compared to other methods. In order to properly access the statistical significance of this study, the of DOA-estimation erro´s variance is compared with the Cramér-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB). Under a multipath environment, four versions of a data estimator are proposed, and one of them do employ trellis. In the development of such estimators, vector basis are used to represent the Walsh functions and the module-2 operations are replaced by convenient ordinary arithmetic operations. By means of simulation, it is shown that these versions present different levels of performance and computational cost thus allowing to choose the method according to the environmentn conditions. / [es] Este trabajo de tese trata del empleo de arreglos de antenas en ambientes de comunicación móvil, con énfasis en el canal de datos reverso del Sistema IS-95. Se proponen dos estimadores: uno para la dirección de llegada de las señales y otro para el resto de los datos. Inicialmente se presenta un estudio sobre arreglos de antenas y los principales detalles del sistema IS-95,especialmente la multiplicidad de acceso vía división por códigos (CDMA). Se aborda el problema de la estimación de la dirección de llegada(DOA), donde se constata que los algoritmos más conocidos en la literarura especializada, tales como Atraso-y-Suma, Capon, MUSIC y ESPRIT, no tiene un desempeño satisfactorio cuando son utilizados en ambiente CDMA. Por eso, se propone una versión del método de estimación de máxima verosimilitud(ML) que utiliza la técnica denominada de EM (-Expectation Maximization-).Su empleo permite fraccionar el problema de optimización multidimensional generado por el estimador ML, en estimaciones de menor dimensión,simplificando la solución. El estimador propuesto, además de la DOA, permite estimar la atenuación y el defasaje de las señales incidentes. A través de simulaciones, se constata que el estimador EM tiene un desempeño bastante satisfactorio. Para un análisis más completo se comparan las varianza del error en la estimación de la DOA como límite de Cramér-Rao. En presencia de multitrayectoria, se proponen cuatro versiones de un estimador de datos, donde una de ellas utiliza la extructura de celosía y objetiva la decisión secuencial de los datos. El desarrollo de tales estimadores utiliza bases de espacios vectoriales para representar las funciones de walsh, con las operaciones aritméticas convencionales . A través de simulaciones se observa que esas versiones presentan diferentes relaciones entre de desempeño y el costo computacional, que permite flexibilidad en la adecuación de su empleo.