Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Sociology, 2009. / "May, 2009." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 11/18/2009) Advisor, Rudy Fenwick; Committee members, Karl Kaltenthaler, Jerry Lewis, Brent Teasdale; Department Chair, John Zipp; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses. / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-02

The contemporary animal rights movement, in extending moral consideration to nonhuman animals, has in diverse ways already contributed to an expansion of the boundaries of the ethical community and what that may constitute. However, many environmentalists argue there is a failure within animal ethics to adequately address wider animal advocacy concerns, and that consideration of broader ecosystemic challenges elicit at best moot response from mainstream animal rights advocates. In taking an individualistically based biocentric approach, the essential aims of animal ethics can, I argue, be readily embraced into a theory of value that can address this wider remit. In aligning the applicability of a developed form of biocentric individualism with the ethical underpinning of notions of the 'illegitimacy of animal use' extrapolated from normative animal advocacy perspectives, my proposition is that these shortcomings can be ameliorated and that such an alignment forms a complimentary and useful fusion. Biocentrism as a value theory asks for moral considerability to be centred upon a respect for individual nonhuman (and human) life and the possession/continuation of a flourishing individual life - neither of which, I contend, is at odds with the essential spirit of animal ethics. In this sense, I submit that a developed biocentric individualism 'bridges the gap' between animal ethics and environmental ethics.

The following research explores the growing stability of the relationship between the modern American animal rights and environmental movements in the aftermath of the 1960s counterculture. The movements have traditionally been considered by scholars in their separate contexts, because the movements had a tenuous and inconsistent relationship throughout their early histories. While the separate consideration of the movements may have been more appropriate for research prior to the 1960s, the movements became increasingly intertwined through various influences of the counterculture. The counterculture introduced new philosophies, utilitarianism and deep ecology, to the movements that united them through their mutual distaste for anthropocentrism and industrialization. The counterculture also provided animal rights and environmental advocates with alternative lifestyles with which to promote their goals and affect real change. The movements began to most clearly unite in their mutual campaigns against the intensive animal farming industry, more controversially and widely known as “factory farming.” Both movements utilized the philosophies introduced to their movements to argue against the moral ills of the industry. Hence, they identified a need to actively combat the effects of the meat industry and have since advocated a widespread adoption of the vegetarian lifestyle among the American public.

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Orientador: Newton Müller Pereira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T22:57:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_RenanDias_M.pdf: 6522575 bytes, checksum: c10bf34713bf159360439076c3b3b0d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A cidade paulista de Bocaina, situada no centro do estado, tem no tingimento e acabamento do couro sua principal atividade - assim como diversos pequenos e médios municípios brasileiros - e pode ser considerada um exemplo claro do conflito que opõe desenvolvimento econômico e preservação ambiental. Conhecida nacionalmente como a "capital da luva de raspa", a localidade enfrentou entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000 um crescimento desenfreado da atividade coureira, que se mantém na região há cerca de cinquenta anos. A partir da última década (anos 2000) as práticas de inovação tecnológica resultaram em redimensionamentos da questão ambiental. O estudo de caso nas indústrias de tingimento e acabamento de couro (curtumes) do município de Bocaina-SP procuraram verificar como as práticas inovativas no contexto local incorporam variáveis ambientais. O intuito foi diagnosticar se as novas técnicas e tecnologias adotadas por curtumes da região têm contribuído para a diminuição dos impactos ambientais causados em decorrência da atividade coureira, e se as novas práticas inovativas têm indicado para um modelo de desenvolvimento local sustentável. Um ramo produtivo historicamente marcado pela contaminação ao ambiente natural e à saúde humana, como o setor coureiro, pode redefinir seus rumos e construir padrões de produção mais sustentáveis. A participação dos setores sociais envolvidos com o mesmo, como os empresários, as populações locais diretamente envolvidas, os movimentos sociais e sindicais de cunho ambientalista e as instâncias de poder público têm redefinido as políticas públicas e a gestão das empresas para a melhoria das condições ambientais. Assim, este início de século aponta que os rumos da Ciência e da Tecnologia (C&T) podem estar ligados a um desenvolvimento efetivamente sustentável / Abstract: The city of São Paulo Bocaina, located in the center of the state, has in the dyeing and finishing of leather its main activity - as well as many small and medium sized municipalities - and can be considered a clear example of the conflict between economic development and environmental preservation. Known nationally as the "capital of glove scrapes", the locale faced between the 1970s and 2000's unbridled growth coureira activity, which remains in the region for nearly fifty years. From the last decade (2000s) the practices of technological innovation resulted in resizing the environmental issue. The case study in the industries of dyeing and finishing of leather (tanning) of the municipality of Bocaina-SP tried to verify how innovative practices in the local context incorporate environmental variables. The aim was to diagnose whether the new techniques and technologies adopted by tanneries in the region have contributed to the reduction of environmental impacts caused as a result of the activity coureira, and innovative new practices have indicated a model for sustainable local development. A productive branch historically marked by contamination to the natural environment and human health, as the leather sector may redefine its direction and build more sustainable patterns of production. The participation of social groups involved with it, as entrepreneurs, local people directly involved, the social and union movements of an environmental nature and instances of public power have redefined public policy and business management for the improvement of environmental conditions. So, early this century shows that the directions of Science and Technology (S & T) may be linked to a sustainable development effectively / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Certain prominent environmental theorists have accounted for and/or addressed our unmitigated environmentally damaging behavior in cognitive terms, related to a common (misplaced) belief that economic development and technological advancement, among other contemporary processes, will solve our environmental problems. However, I argue that they have not given due consideration to the complex (predominantly non-cognitive/non-conscious) discursive constitution of the individual, and thus seem to adhere to a Kantian notion of autonomy that overlooks such non-cognitive factors. Focusing on this non-cognitive aspect of discursive constitution, I ascribe our ecological apathy mainly to the fact that we have been discursively constituted as docile bodies and prostrate subjects. Further, I argue that, because this process of discursive constitution is primarily non-cognitive, any attempts to remedy our ecological apathy at a cognitive level alone will not be completely effective. Consequently, I propose that a more effective way of fostering pro-environmental dispositions may be for individuals to engage in an ethic/culture of the self that is not exclusively conceptual in orientation, and which is centered on the practice of a counter-discourse that does not constitute the individual as docile and prostrate nor negate the individual’s dependence on the environment. Alternatively, in order to engender pro-environmental civilizational change, it may be necessary to operate within the discursive parameters of dominant/popular institutions, in order to incrementally alter the discourses employed within, and disseminated through, these institutions, in a manner that would lead to the problematization, rather than the endorsement, of the ecologically deleterious technological, political and economic trajectories of our time.

This thesis examines how particular forms of mass media spurred and guided the United States environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Its objective is to better understand how mass media contributed to the evolution of the environmental movement. Three particular types of media form the basis of this study: writing (books, newspapers, and magazines), audio-visual material (movies and television), and photographs. These three mediums of communications and their intrinsic effects on the human psyche and society as a whole are major contributing factors to a raised environmental consciousness, a lasting legacy of environmentalism, and the promotion of the environmental movement itself.

This dissertation is about the political and aesthetic dimensions of Indigenous media in Peruvian Amazonia. It explores how Kukama media-makers use aesthetic mastery to engage in three key political fields in Amazonia: indigeneity, historicity, and environmentalism. I specifically examine the audiovisual discourses and media-making practices coming from an Indigenous radio station called Radio Ucamara, located in the town of Nauta in Northeastern Peru (Loreto region). Drawing on place-based ethnography and digital research methods, I analyze the way this radio station instrumentalizes multiple digital and non-digital media forms to make visible (and also audible) their identities, violent histories, and cosmological worlds amidst their confrontation with the Peruvian neoliberal state and oil companies. The dissertation also contemplates how through these processes of mediatization, Amazonian ontologies, mytho-histories, and identities are being reimagined. For this purpose, I focus both on the analysis of media products (e.g., music videos, documentaries, journalistic reportage, murals, books) and the social dynamics surrounding those creations, to understand the way Kukama media producers take part in ongoing struggles for the revitalization of the Kukama language, seeking justice for the rubber times violence, and stopping the pollution of Amazonian rivers. Following theoretical frameworks derived from the anthropology of media and the anthropology of music and verbal art in Lowland South America, I argue that media aesthetics is becoming a major instrument in building political power in the region.