Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1979.

Thesis (B.A. Hons.))--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1979.

Professional paper (M. Ed.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: J. William Hug. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-60).

Literature shows that when fathers are involved in their children’s lives, their children have better outcomes and neighborhoods are safer. However, father involvement is often limited in situations where the father is a non-residential parent. Previous research has indicated that there are several factors that may influence a custodial mother’s facilitation of the father-child relationship. These factors may include the existing co-parenting relationship between mother and father and the mother’s perception of the father’s appreciation of her mothering of the child. Particularly in low-income families, the struggle to simply meet economic demands overrides a custodial parent’s desire to facilitate the relationship. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the perspective of single, never-married, low-income, custodial Black mothers related to their facilitation of the father-child relationship when the father does not reside in the home with the mother and child. The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991) was employed as the conceptual framework of this study. This theory is used to help understand how a mother’s intent to facilitate the father-child relationship is partly influenced by her capacity to do so. Using purposive sampling, I interviewed 10 participants who identified as Black mothers with children between the ages of 5 and 11 whose father identified as Black and did not reside in the home. The participants also all self-reported as low-income. A constructivist perspective was employed during data collection and analysis, which allowed the participants’ perceptions to be heard individually and collectively. Four themes emerged through the coding and analysis of the interview transcripts. The first was that mothers felt that their efforts to facilitate the father-child relationship went unappreciated. The second theme was that mothers perceived that fathers were not taking responsibility for their lives and helping themselves. The third theme was that mothers had an expiration of time with which to work with the fathers. When they felt their effort to facilitate the father-child relationship was not increasing the father’s involvement, the mothers halted their efforts altogether. The fourth theme was that mothers drew upon a variety of support sources beyond working with the father. The findings of this descriptive study can be used to influence the development of co-parenting curricula, to improve family-court mediation, and to support healthy relationships among unwed and fragile families.

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The export performance of Africa has declined over the past couple of decades as a result of an increase in trade costs and the time taken to complete a trade transaction. As a result of an increase in competition, countries need to improve their efforts in adopting and developing a trade development initiative. Trade facilitation has been recognised as an element of economic growth, and it is thus seen as the most prominent trade development initiative in stimulating exports. The general objective of this study was to investigate the current state and effect of trade facilitation in South Africa and to develop a measurement to compare South Africa's state of trade facilitation performance with that of other countries in the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse and present the importance of implementing a trade facilitation programme as a trade development initiative. The need to eliminate trade barriers such as increased trade costs and the time taken to complete a trade transaction were emphasised because of the threat that they pose to efficient trade facilitation reform. Although the advantages of trade facilitation reform have long been recognised, studies on the measurement of trade facilitation are very scarce. Similar studies make use of a gravity model or a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in order to quantify the effects, but due to indirect costs, statistical errors, incorrect proxies and other unrecognised variables, no exact index exists to measure the trade facilitation performance of world countries. Four very relevant trade performance indexes, the Logistics Performance Index, the Doing Business Report, the Enabling Trade Index and the Global Competitiveness Report, are associated with measuring a country's domestic trade variables, present in either the "hard" or the "soft" infrastructure of a country. From these indexes, 18 relevant variables were chosen that were effectively used to construct the Trade Facilitation Index whereby the trade facilitation performance of world countries was compared to that of South Africa. In South Africa, the urgency to improve the general trade environment has been recognised as trade performance in South Africa has declined considerably. Based on the relevance of trade facilitation and the beneficial effects it has on a country, the role of trade facilitation in South Africa was analysed, as well as its performance in the Trade Facilitation Index in comparison to that of other world countries. The Trade Facilitation Index also correlates to a country's GDP and its exports, proving that an increase in the Trade Facilitation Index may lead to an increase in the country's GDP and also its exports. The Trade Facilitation Index therefore serves as a useful resource for policy makers who want to apply reform strategies to trade development initiatives. / MCom (International Trade), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

The export performance of Africa has declined over the past couple of decades as a result of an increase in trade costs and the time taken to complete a trade transaction. As a result of an increase in competition, countries need to improve their efforts in adopting and developing a trade development initiative. Trade facilitation has been recognised as an element of economic growth, and it is thus seen as the most prominent trade development initiative in stimulating exports. The general objective of this study was to investigate the current state and effect of trade facilitation in South Africa and to develop a measurement to compare South Africa's state of trade facilitation performance with that of other countries in the world. The purpose of this study was to analyse and present the importance of implementing a trade facilitation programme as a trade development initiative. The need to eliminate trade barriers such as increased trade costs and the time taken to complete a trade transaction were emphasised because of the threat that they pose to efficient trade facilitation reform. Although the advantages of trade facilitation reform have long been recognised, studies on the measurement of trade facilitation are very scarce. Similar studies make use of a gravity model or a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in order to quantify the effects, but due to indirect costs, statistical errors, incorrect proxies and other unrecognised variables, no exact index exists to measure the trade facilitation performance of world countries. Four very relevant trade performance indexes, the Logistics Performance Index, the Doing Business Report, the Enabling Trade Index and the Global Competitiveness Report, are associated with measuring a country's domestic trade variables, present in either the "hard" or the "soft" infrastructure of a country. From these indexes, 18 relevant variables were chosen that were effectively used to construct the Trade Facilitation Index whereby the trade facilitation performance of world countries was compared to that of South Africa. In South Africa, the urgency to improve the general trade environment has been recognised as trade performance in South Africa has declined considerably. Based on the relevance of trade facilitation and the beneficial effects it has on a country, the role of trade facilitation in South Africa was analysed, as well as its performance in the Trade Facilitation Index in comparison to that of other world countries. The Trade Facilitation Index also correlates to a country's GDP and its exports, proving that an increase in the Trade Facilitation Index may lead to an increase in the country's GDP and also its exports. The Trade Facilitation Index therefore serves as a useful resource for policy makers who want to apply reform strategies to trade development initiatives. / MCom (International Trade), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

In 2001 the Institute of Medicine identified a significant gap between what is known about how we care for patients and the care that they receive. This identified gap renewed interest in the development and implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP). A number of research studies have evaluated barriers to EBP yet questions still arise as to why evidence is not routinely incorporated into practice. This led to a new field of inquiry called implementation science focused on methods for translating evidence into practice. The Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARiHS) framework purports that successful implementation of EBP is a function of the strength of the evidence to be implemented, the quality of the context into which it will be implemented and appropriate facilitation. There currently are levels of evidence and measures of context that can be utilized but no measures of appropriate facilitation. The purpose of this research was to develop an instrument (the Facilitation Assessment Index) to measure facilitation. This methodological study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of an investigator-developed instrument to define and measure the concept of facilitation. The instrument was distributed to1025 Registered Nurses in an Academic Medical Center. The response rate was 28%. The majority of respondents were in a staff nurse role, over age 35 and had at least a Bachelor's degree. The Facilitation Assessment Index (FAI) demonstrated adequate psychometrics. Factor analysis delineated four subscales entitled Support, Leadership, Respect and Autonomy. The overall reliability of the scale was r = .93 and the range of reliability of the subscales was r = .85-.93. The test-retest correlation for the total scale was r = .85 (p<.001). Correlations for the subscales ranged from r = .61-.85 (p<.01).Relationships between demographic variables and facilitation were evaluated. Both unit and job title variables demonstrated relationships with scale scores but group sizes were not equal. Future research is needed to strengthen the psychometric properties of the FAI. Subsequent research could focus on use in strengthening the PARiHS framework and quantifying the amount of facilitation needed to implement EBP.