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Foams have been used successfully in the industry for both drilling and fracturing. These foams usually consist of both an aqueous liquid phase and a gas phase; air, nitrogen, and/or CO2 are the most common. Due to the aqueous liquid component in the foam, drilling and fracturing in shale formations can cause swelling and collapsing of the rock through formation invasion. Sensoy et al.(2009) has shown that the addition of nanoparticle dispersions to water based fluids reduces the amount of water invading the shale and has been used as a kickoff point for this research. Results presented in this thesis show that the addition of nanoparticles to foams enhances the performance of these fluids by reducing their invasion into shale. The use of foams allows for a low concentration of nanoparticles making this technology much more economically feasible for field testing and use. / text

A methodology for ligament isolation and specimen preparation for tensile testing of single ligaments from the unit cell of open-cell carbon foams has been successfully developed and implemented. Results are presented for ligaments of three different carbon foam designations. Two of them are reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) foams of 20 and 45 pores-per- inch (ppi) coated with SiC by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and the other is a RVC 20 ppi foam without coating. Scanning electron microscopy and digital imaging analysis is used to analyze the fracture surfaces posts tests. The ultimate strength of each ligament evaluated. Weibull statistics is used to describe the strength distribution of ligaments. While the distribution of strengths of the carbon foam ligaments (RVC) could be described with a one-population distribution, it is found that a two-population Weibull distribution is necessary to describe the distribution of strength of the SiC coated ligaments.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology,İzmir, 2004 / Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 100).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tennessee Technological University, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Aug. 20, 2009). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2005. / Supervisor: Stelios Kyriakides. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1987. / Vita. Bibliography: leaves [221]-228.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Inadequate understanding and/or control of the polyurethane rigid foam process normally requires five to ten percent overpack of cavities to obtain correct fill and foam characteristics. This practice of overpacking has resulted in excessive waste and cost.