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published_or_final_version / Economics / Master / Master of Arts

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stevens Point. / Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree Master of Science in Natural Resources (Sustainable Agriculture), College of Natural Resources. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-85).

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998. / Title from document title page. "October 10, 1998." Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 57 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 46-57).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1983. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 188-195).

Resumo: Avaliar o consumo alimentar de gestantes é importante para a definição de políticas e programas na área da saúde. Porém, considerando-se que a análise isolada do consumo de cada nutriente não é capaz de aferir todo o papel da dieta humana sobre a saúde, indica-se a avaliação global da dieta. Índices que procuram sintetizar a avaliação de padrões alimentares foram propostos e são empregados como medida-resumo da qualidade da dieta, mas a utilização destes índices em estudos com gestantes ainda é insipiente em termos mundiais e inexistente no Brasil. Adaptar o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta (IQD) para gestantes e utilizá-lo para avaliar a alimentação de gestantes atendidas em programas de atenção ao pré-natal de baixo risco no sistema público de saúde do município de Botucatu - SP. Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico. Inicialmente, foi realizada adaptação do IQD proposto em 2004 por Fisberg et al. para utilização na população gestante (IQD-G). Os procedimentos adotados para tornar o IQD aplicável à avaliação da dieta de gestantes foram: adaptação do número recomendado de porções dos grupos alimentares, exclusão do componente sódio e inclusão do componente grupo das leguminosas e alteração na forma de análise da variedade da dieta. O IQD-G foi, então, aplicado para avaliar a dieta de 107 gestantes atendidas nas unidades básicas de saúde de Botucatu, a partir de dois recordatórios de 24h, sendo um deles referente ao fim de semana. Para caracterização da amostra estudada foram investigados aspectos demográficos, obstétricos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida. Foram calculados os coeficientes de correlação de Pearson entre o IQD-G e a estimativa de energia, carboidrato, proteína, fibra, cálcio, ferro, folato, zinco e vitaminas A, C e E (variáveis brutas, ajustadas pela variabilidade intrapessoal e energia) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Evaluating pregnant women's dietary intake is important for defining health care policies and programs. However, considering the isolated analysis of each nutrient intake does not make it possible to thoroughly assess the role played by human diet in health; therefore, global diet assessment is recommended. Indexes aiming at synthesizing the evaluation of dietary patterns have been proposed, and they are used as a summary-measure of diet quality; however, the use of such indexes in studies on pregnant women is still incipient throughout the world and non-existent in Brazil. To adapt the Diet Quality Index (DQI) to pregnant women and use it to evaluate the diet of pregnant women assisted by low-risk prenatal care programs in the public health system in the city of Botucatu - SP. This is an epidemiological, cross-sectional and analytical study. Initially, the DQI adaptation proposed by Fisberg et al. In 2004 was performed for use with the population of pregnant women (DQI-PW). The procedures adopted to make DQI applicable to the evaluation of pregnant women's diet were: adaptation of the recommended number of food group servings, exclusion of the sodium component and inclusion of the legume-group component and alteration in the form of diet variety analysis. DQI-PW was then applied to evaluate the diet of 107 pregnant women assisted at the primary health care units of Botucatu based on two 24-hour recalls, one of which referred to a weekend. In order to characterize the sample studied, demographic, obstetric, socioeconomic and lifestyle aspects were investigated. Pearson's correlation coefficients between DQI-PW and the estimation of energy, carbohydrates, protein, fibers, calcium, iron, folate, zinc and vitamins A, C and E (raw variables adjusted by within-person variety and by within-person variety and energy) were calculated. The analyses were performed by statistical package ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima Parada / Coorientador: Silvia Justina Papini-Berto / Banca: Luiza Cristina Godim Domingues Dias / Banca: Anderson Marlieri Navarro / Mestre

Sorghum is considered a staple food for most rural communities in Kenya. Sorghum is mainly favoured for its ability to thrive in adverse climatic conditions. This study was carried out to determine sorghum consumption in selected rural communities in western Kenya. This was done by determining how much sorghum the children aged 2-5 years consume daily, what the consumption patterns of sorghum are and also to determine if biofortification of sorghum with protein, Vitamin E, Vitamin A, iron and zinc will make any significant contribution to the children‘s nutrient intake. A cross-sectional food consumption survey was conducted using an interviewer administered Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ) to 102 mothers and caregivers. The QFFQ was run concurrently with focus group interviews as data collection tools. The results indicated that the diet consumed by the children in the selected communities offered a variety of foods resulting in sufficient nutrient intake for the majority of the children. The daily contribution made by sorghum, however, was low with 36.4 g soft porridge (uji) and 26.2 g stiff porridge (ugali) being the average amounts given daily to the children. The nutrient contribution made by sorghum was; energy 140 kJ (2%), protein 0.9 g (1.7%), iron 0.3 mg (4.3%), zinc 0.1 mg (2.1%), Vitamin A (0%), Vitamin E (0%). The proportion of the population who consumed a diet deficient in one or more of these nutrients was 36.3% energy, 4.9% protein, 48% iron, 21.6% zinc, 46.1% Vitamin A and 17.6% Vitamin E. The small contribution made by sorghum to the diet made it a minor component in the children‘s diet. For the deficient children, the insufficient nutrient intake from the diet is an indication that the diet quantity rather than the quality needs to be improved. A multiple dietary approach that is practical and sustainable for rural people through dietary diversification would be more beneficial. The multiple dietary approach would ensure that people consume a variety of locally available foods that contain a rich source of micronutrients and energy in order to address shortfalls in the diet quality and quantity. Biofortification of sorghum would not make any significant contribution to the children‘s nutrient intake because of the fact that the children are consuming a very small amount of sorghum daily. For biofortification of sorghum to make a significant difference in the children‘s nutrient intake in these communities, the people in these communities need to be encouraged to consume more sorghum than they are currently consuming. Educating the rural communities about the importance of growing locally adapted crops such as sorghum and incorporating them in their diets would assist in improving the micronutrient status of rural people. / Dissertation (dissertation)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Food Science / unrestricted

Yes / Cognitive ability is used in numerous everyday situations (for example, in the classroom, workplace and home) and can be measured using cognitive tests designed to target specific cognitive domains. Cognition can be influenced by external factors (for example, age, education, caffeine intake and time of day) which if not controlled for or noted could influence performance. Prior food intake has not received a direct focus in the cognition literature, and therefore, this study aims to investigate the time elapsed since the last food item was consumed as a factor which may affect cognitive performance. Fifty-two healthy adults with no reported cognitive impairment or diagnosis of any eating or metabolic disorder took part in the study. Participants completed a self-rated hunger scale and stated the time that they last consumed a food item. The time of day that the assessments were completed was also noted. All participants completed a brief cognitive battery consisting of a semantic recall assessment, digit span and parts A and B of the Trail Making Test. Results revealed a significant main effect of minutes since the last food item was consumed on semantic recall and both Trails A and B whereby performance was significantly worse as the time since the last food item was consumed increased. These results suggest that information about when the participant consumed food prior to assessment should be gathered to check for any such effects. This could have implications for cognitive performance in educational settings and clinical environments, where scores often determine academic progression and further interventions.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1973. / Typewritten.