OBJECTIVES: The objective of this research is to evaluate variation of mandibular arch forms at different heights and to determine if there is any correlation between occlusal arch and sub-gingival arch forms. METHODS: 44 subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria and their CBCTs then were imported to Mimics software (Materialise NV, Belgium) and traced. Each tooth was sliced midsection at 4 different heights: Occlusal, CEJ, Apex and 5mm apical to the apex. At occlusal level the midpoint of the crown was calculated mesiodistally as well as buccolingually. Subsequently, midpoints between the buccal and lingual plates were located for every tooth between and including the first molars. The points were connected forming 4 splines, which then were exported to Geomorph software (cran.r-project.org, Geomorph package, Dean Adams author, Iowa State 2015) for shape statistical analysis. RESULTS: The variation in the arch form among subjects is significantly smaller in the Occlusal and CEJ level. The variation at apical and basal bone levels are higher than the variation at CEJ and occlusal levels. However, variation between apical and basal bone levels are minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Mandibular dental arch form demonstrate more variation apically. It may be concluded that dental arch form variation should be considered when using standardized arch forms for different patients. The subgingival arch forms cannot be predicted from occlusal arch form. Occlusal arch shape and form may not be an indication of basal bone arch form. More information needed for detection of correlation between occlusal arch and sub-gingival arch forms.

Identifying the type of a scanned form greatly facilitates processing, including automated field segmentation and field recognition. Contrary to the majority of existing techniques, we focus on unsupervised type identification, where the set of form types are not known apriori, and on noisy collections that contain very similar document types. This work presents a novel algorithm: CONFIRM (Clustering Of Noisy Form Images using Robust Matching), which simultaneously discovers the types in a collection of forms and assigns each form to a type. CONFIRM matches type-set text and rule lines between forms to create domain specific features, which we show outperform Bag of Visual Word (BoVW) features employed by the current state-of-the-art. To scale to large document collections, we use a bootstrap approach to clustering, where only a small subset of the data is clustered directly, while the rest of the data is assigned to clusters in linear time. We show that CONFIRM reduces average cluster impurity by 44% compared to the state-of-the art on 5 collections of historical forms that contain significant noise. We also show competitive performance on the relatively clean NIST tax form collection.

The term symphonie concertante refers to a multi-movement orchestral work of symphonic genre for two or more solo instruments and an orchestra. The symphonie concertante emerged in Paris around 1770, and during first two decade of its existence the genre was primarily a French one. This genre flourished during the second half of the eighteenth century and satisfied the public demand for solo instruments in the symphonies as well as the growing taste for virtuosity that audiences favored. The earliest composers were Mannheimers and Parisians, and the first symphonies concertantes published were mostly by French composers. The principal Parisian symphonie concertante composers were Giovanni Guiseppe Cambini, Jean-Baptiste Davaux, François Devienne, François-Joseph Gossec, Ignace Pleyel and Chevalier Joseph de Saint-Georges. Jean-Baptiste Davaux (1742~1822), a native of La Cote-St André, was first in popularity during the 1770s and 1780s. His earliest work dates from about 1772 and his reputation grew immeasurably during the years followed. Davaux's fame persisted well into the nineteenth-century because of his symphonies concertantes. Despite its great popularity during the last quarter of the eighteenth century, however, the symphonie concertante has not received much attention in the scholarship, and very limited research has been done on Davaux and his symphonies concertantes. My dissertation examines the symphonies concertantes of Jean-Baptiste Davaux, who is considered by the French scholars to be one of the originators of the genre. The dissertation comprises the first in-depth study of the formal structure and social function of the symphonies concertantes. Because the formal structure of symphonie concertante has been largely ignored heretofore, detailed formal analyses of these symphonies concertantes clarifies the formal definitions of the genre found in theoretical treatises and music criticism of the era. The purpose of the study is to clarify the genre's relation to the classical concerto form, formulate its theoretical and formal definition, and help readers to understand its musical and sociological significance in eighteenth-century concert life. Moreover, an edition of the extant symphonies concertantes by Davaux, transcribed for the first time from the eighteenth-century printed source, is included as an appendix.

In the further development of the string theory, one needs to understand 3 or 4-dimensional volume minimizing subvarieties in 7 or 8-dimensional manifolds. As one example, one would like to understand 4-dimensional volume minimizing cycles in a torus T8. The Cayley calibration form can be used to find all volume minimizing cycles in each homology class of T8. In order to apply the Cayley form to 8-dimensional tori, we need to understand the finite symmetry of the Cayley form, which has a continuous symmetry group Spin(7). We have found one finite symmetry group of order eight generated by three elements. We have also studied the symmetry groups of tori based on the results of H.S.M. Coxeter, and have had a simple description of the four crystallographic groups in O(8). They can be used to classify all finite symmetry groups of the Cayley form.

Six flash nonfiction comic essays composed in direct conversation with the combination of the flash nonfiction form and the comic form make up the body of this creative thesis. In addition to this creative work, a comparison of several essential craft aspects of flash nonfiction and comic composition are discussed, and an argument is made for the benefit of melding the two forms. This hybrid genre of flash nonfiction comics benefits from aspects of both forms craft, including: heightened potency of images and themes, a dependence on association, and narrative structures based on expanding larger ideas from “miniatures.” The comic form’s difficulties in dealing with nonfiction approaches to authorial presence and figurative language is also discussed. Ultimately, the melding of the flash nonfiction form and the comic form creates valuable opportunities for both genres and their writers—as the six flash nonfiction comic essays, which make up the body of this creative thesis, illustrate.

In the design of all marine craft the prediction of a vessel??s resistance characteristics is a major consideration. The accurate prediction of resistance is particularly important in the design of modern high-speed vessels where the primary contractual obligation placed upon the builder is the vessel??s achievable speed. Investigation was made of the methods of Doctors and Day, whereby the traditional Michell wave-resistance theory, published in 1898, is improved on through a better understanding of the hydrodynamics of transom sterns and the application of statistically determined form factors. One of the difficulties with the Michell theory is how to account for the hollow that forms behind a transom stern, a feature prevalent in high-speed vessels. A common approach in the numerical prediction of wave resistance for transom-stern vessels is to discretize the hollow as a geometrically-smooth addition to the vessel. Therefore, of great importance in accurate prediction of wave resistance is the hydrodynamics of, and in particular, the length and depth of the hollow formed behind the transom stern. Accordingly, a systematic series of transom-stern models were tank tested at various drafts and speeds in order to determine experimentally the length and depth of the hollow as a function of vessel speed, draft and beam. From the experimental data, algorithms for the determination of the length and depth of the transom hollow, have been developed and utilised in the discretization of the transom hollow for prediction of resistance using the Michell wave- resistance theory. Application of the developed hollow algorithms produced significant improvements in correlation of the experimental and theoretical predictions of total resistance, particularly in the lower Froude range. In addition to the transom-hollow investigation, form factors were obtained using least-squares regression of existing experimental data. The form factors were based on the major geometric parameters of the models used. In the research presented here, the method was applied to a large range of published resistance data for high-speed displacement vessels. Considerable improvement in correlation, between theoretical and experimental predictions of total resistance, was obtained by incorporating the calculated form-factors into the total resistance formulation.

This thesis reviews progress toward an understanding of the processes involved in the solution of spatial problems. Previous work employing factor analysis and information processing analysis is reviewed and the emphasis on variations in speed and accuracy as the major contributers to individual differences is noted. It is argued that the strategy used by individuals is a preferable explanatory concept for identifying the cognitive substratum necessary for problem solving. Using the protocols obtained from subjects solving The Minnesota Paper Form Board (Revised), a test commonly regarded as measuring skill in spatial visualization, a number of different strategies are isolated. Assumptions as to the task variants which undergird these strategies are made and tested experimentally. The results suggest that task variants such as the size of the stimulus and the shape of the pieces interact with subject variables to produce the operating strategy. Skill in problem solving is revealed in the ability to structure the array, to hold a structured image and to reduce the number of answers requiring intensive processing. The interaction between task and subject variables results in appropriate or inappropriate strategies which in turn affect speed and accuracy. Results suggest that strategy formation and usage are the keys to explaining individual differences and an heuristic model is presented to explain the performance of individual subjects on the problems involved in the Minnesota Paper Form Board. The model can be used to predict performance on other tests; and as an aid to teaching subjects experiencing difficulties. The model presented incorporates strategy variation and is consequently mores complex than previously suggested models. It is argued that such complexity is necessary to explain the nature of a subject's performance and is also necessary to perform diagnostic evaluation. Certain structural -features of the Minnesota Paper Form Board are questioned and suggestions for improvement included. The essential explanatory function of the strategy in use makes the prevalent group administration approach suspect in the prediction of future performance in spatial or vocational activity.

<p>Rapport om arbetet med att framställa ett informationsmaterial åt StudentSMS.</p>

<p>Digital Mechanics is a company in Västerås manufacturing mainlyprototypes for it customers. To do this they use a number of free formingmachines. The building time of these machines differ very much from theestimated time required to build a job and this effects the efficiency of theproduction. The work presented in this paper is mainly about designing andconstructing a monitoring application for the machines at DigitalMechanics. The application will be used for alerting the operators when amachine is not building and preempt machines stopping because they runout of material to increase quality and efficiency in the production. Thesystem may also be used as the core of a future, more advanced, monitoringsystem.The thesis also included a study about how the estimation of the timerequired by the machines to build a job could be enhanced.Because of the nature of the business at Digital Mechanics theimprovement of quality and efficiency deriving from this monitoringapplication is difficult to measure, but the machine operators claim they areassisted by it.</p>

The processes underlying the perceptual analysis of visual form are believed to have minimal interaction with those subserving the perception of visual motion (Livingstone and Hubel, 1987; Victor and Conte, 1990). Recent reports of functionally and anatomically segregated parallel streams in the primate visual cortex seem to support this hypothesis (Ungerlieder and Mishkin, 1982; VanEssen and Maunsell, 1983; Shipp and Zeki, 1985; Zeki and Shipp, 1988; De Yoe et al., 1994). Here we present perceptual evidence that is at odds with this view and instead suggests strong symmetric interactions between the form and motion processes. In one direction, we show that the introduction of specific static figural elements, say 'F', in a simple motion sequence biases an observer to perceive a particular motion field, say 'M'. In the reverse direction, the imposition of the same motion field 'M' on the original sequence leads the observer to perceive illusory static figural elements 'F'. A specific implication of these findings concerns the possible existence of (what we call) motion end-stopped units in the primate visual system. Such units might constitute part of a mechanism for signalling subjective occluding contours based on motion-field discontinuities.