"In any adequate program of research development, or operation it is necessary to understand the climatic influences involved." (Thornthwaite & Mather, 1955, WB, p. 7). Climate plays an important role in many phases of our contemporary society, whether it be in military or civilian aspects or applied to the past, present, or future events. The bulk of this study was occupied with evapotranspiration studies, and some space is herewith devoted to the history of the project.

Factors which contribute to lasting settlement in the subarctic region of North America are examined and analyzed in this study. Diversification of the economic base is conducive to permanent settlement. A diversified, efficient and well developed transportation system is important. A good communications system including telephone, telegraph, teletype and radio links to the rest of the world help hold settlement. Pleasant living conditions, an extensive selection of consumer goods and services, social organizations and other cultural facilities aid in building pride and identification with the area.

Agricultural land use is analysed in an area of northwestern New Brunswick which includes nearly all cleared land in Carleton, Victoria, arid Madawaska counties. Of the major physiographic regions which comprise the area, the intervals and terraces along the St. John and its larger tributaries, the uplands of western Carleton county, and the area centering on Grand Falls are the beat suited agriculturally, and have favoured potato specialization since the early 1900’s. Elsewhere, mixed farming pertains, often at subsistence or part-time levels.

This study is essentially an investigation of the way in which people have become distributed over the region of the Riding Mountains, Duck Mountains, and the adjacent; plains, during a period of seventy-six years. The nature of growth and change in the population distribution, and the main economic, physical, and social factors involved, constitute the fundamental problem of the thesis. It is believed by the author that such a study will make a contribution toward understanding the nature of population distribution, and so toward understanding another facet of human geography.

Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago, and the two continental territories are separate colonies each with its own Governor. The Leeward Islands are a single Colony with a federal structure. The Windwards, although under a single Governor, is not a single Colony but a federation of four Colonies. The Dependencies of Jamaica are politically distinct from the Colony of Jarnaica, although they are under the same Governor. In all there are fifteen separate political units in the British Caribbean, whether separate Colonies, Presidencies or Dependencies.

The aim of this study is to examine the geographic bases of Iceland's sea fisheries. Because of restrictions imposed by the natural environment Iceland is economically dependent on other countries to supply most of her basic goods. Climate and topography limit agricultural production to hay and fodder crops in addition to minor amounts of potatoes, turnips, and other leafy vegetables. [...]

The purpose of this study is to summarize and relate the major characteristics of the genera comprised in the Tribe Ovibovini, including those groups, fossil and living. With the limited data at hand a tentative phylogenetic chart has also been drawn up. It is hoped that mapping the past distribution of tribe members and also considering the existing genera in the light of environmental influences prevalent at the time, will facilitate explanation of their distributional pattern and give some idea as to the ecological adaptations among muskoxen as well as the approximate dispersal center of the group.

Climatology as a branch of Geography and even of Meteorology has been mainly a descriptive subject. Hare (1960) has pointed out that only in comparatively recent years has there been an attempt to explain quantitatively how the various parameters of climate evolve and thus to approach the ultimate question of how it is that one climate varies from another. Most of the answers are to be found through Meteorology, and must be, since the tools required for this work have been developed there. The following is an attempt to explain what processes, and of how great a magnitude, cause temperature changes in the layers of the atmosphere below 500 mb.

There has been a great increase in the amount of scientific work done in the Polar Regions in recent years but the accuracy of many of the measurements is uncertain. This methodological study was undertaken as a preliminary basis for an examination of the relationships between ablation and run-off on an arctic glacier. It is an attempt to obtain an estimate of the accuracy which can be expected in such a study through the examination of some of the methods of measuring ablation and run-off. At the same time, it is an attempt to define the probable limits of accuracy of results obtained from field work undertaken in 1959, 1960 and 1961.

The oceanographic regime of Lancaster Sound displays characteristics of two distinct water masses. The upper layer is physically similar to that encountered in the Arctic Ocean and is typical of conditions recorded in M'Clure Strait and on the Arctic continental shelf. Below the depth of 200 metres, water characteristics are identical to those observed in Baffin Bay. Baffin Bay water intrudes into Lancaster Sound and is defined as far west as Prince Regent Inlet. Analyses, using two T-S techniques, are carried out to show that water of Baffin Bay characteristics occurs at all sampling positions below 250 metres in the eastern end of the Parry Channel and the equivalent thickness of this influx is of the order of 200-400 metres.