In this thesis we build on the theory concerning the metric geometry of relatively hyperbolic and mapping class groups, especially with respect to the difficulty of embedding such groups into Banach spaces. In Chapter 3 (joint with Alessandro Sisto) we construct simple embeddings of closed graph manifold groups into a product of three metric trees, answering positively a conjecture of Smirnov concerning the Assouad-Nagata dimension of such spaces. Consequently, we obtain optimal embeddings of such spaces into certain Banach spaces. The ideas here have been extended to other closed three-manifolds and to higher dimensional analogues of graph manifolds. In Chapter 4 we give an explicit method of embedding relatively hyperbolic groups into certain Banach spaces, which yields optimal bounds on the compression exponent of such groups relative to their peripheral subgroups. From this we deduce that the fundamental group of every closed three-manifold has Hilbert compression exponent one. In Chapter 5 we prove that relatively hyperbolic spaces with a tree-graded quasi-isometry representative can be characterised by a relative version of Manning's bottleneck property. This applies to the Bestvina-Bromberg-Fujiwara quasi-trees of spaces, yielding an embedding of each mapping class group of a closed surface into a finite product of simplicial trees. From this we obtain explicit embeddings of mapping class groups into certain Banach spaces and deduce that these groups have finite Assouad-Nagata dimension. It also applies to relatively hyperbolic groups, proving that such groups have finite Assouad-Nagata dimension if and only if each peripheral subgroup does.

A research project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Masters in Science Education (Mathematics Education) University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa May 2016 / This study investigated learners’ mathematical discourse on the hyperbola using commognitive theory, with particular focus on the use of words, narratives, routines and visual mediators. Data was collected by means of task-based interviews with nine Grade 10 and 11 learners from a township school in Johannesburg, South Africa. An analytical tool, named the Discourse Profile of the Hyperbola, was adapted from the Arithmetic Discourse Profile of Ben-Yahuda et al (2005) and was used to analyse learners’ mathematical discourse. The study focused on three representations of the hyperbola, namely, the formulae (equation); the graph and the table. Learners’ views and definition of the asymptote, in relation to the graph, emerged as a central theme in the analysis. The analysis also focused on the mismatch between what is said and what is done by learners, for example most learners sketched the graph of a hyperbola showing a vertical asymptote yet talked as if there is no vertical asymptote. Most routines were ritualized, for example learners failed to link iconic and symbolic mediators they had used in responding to tasks. However, there were traces of exploratory routines from a few learners, evidenced by links between equations, and identifying the hyperbola from unfamiliar tasks. While a few learners used literate words, colloquial word use was dominant. The discourse of learners was found to be visual. For example, some reasoned that an equation with a fraction represents a hyperbola while an equation not expressed in standard form does not represent a hyperbola. Some learner narratives are not endorsed by the community of mathematicians.

Zhang Hedan. / Thesis submitted in: September 2004. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81). / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- Convex Scalar Conservation Laws --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Cauchy Problems and Weak Solutions --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Rankine-Hugoniot Condition --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3 --- Entropy Condition --- p.13 / Chapter 2.4 --- Uniqueness of Weak Solution --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Riemann Problems --- p.17 / Chapter 3 --- General Scalar Conservation Laws --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Entropy-Entropy Flux Pairs --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Admissibility Conditions --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Kruzkov Theory --- p.23 / Chapter 4 --- Elementary waves and Riemann Problems for Nonconvex Scalar Conservation Laws --- p.35 / Chapter 4.1 --- Basic Facts --- p.35 / Chapter 4.2 --- Riemann Solutions --- p.36 / Chapter 5 --- Asymptotic Behavior --- p.46 / Chapter 5.1 --- Periodic Asymptotic Behavior --- p.46 / Chapter 5.2 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Convex Conservation Law --- p.49 / Chapter 5.3 --- Asymptotic Behavior of Non-convex case --- p.52 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- L∞ Behavior --- p.53 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Wave-Interactions and Asymptotic Behavior Toward Shock Waves --- p.55 / Bibliography --- p.78

Adams conjectured that unknotting tunnels of tunnel number 1 manifolds are always isotopic to a geodesic. We generalize this question to tunnel number n manifolds. We find that there exist complete hyperbolic structures and a choice of spine of a compression body with genus 1 negative boundary and genus n ≥ 3 outer boundary for which (n−2) edges of the spine self-intersect. We use this to show that there exist finite volume one-cusped hyperbolic manifolds with a system of n tunnels for which (n−1) of the tunnels are homotopic to geodesics arbitrarily close to self-intersecting. This gives evidence that the generalization of Adam's conjecture to tunnel number n ≥ 2 manifolds may be false.

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Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2015-11-24T12:38:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3034727 bytes, checksum: 0259257effef3ff05f336dc98e4a1274 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-25T11:12:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3034727 bytes, checksum: 0259257effef3ff05f336dc98e4a1274 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T11:12:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3034727 bytes, checksum: 0259257effef3ff05f336dc98e4a1274 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we present a study about the Hyperbolic functions and their applications. We start with analysis of how these functions are approached in some di erential calculus books commonly used in graduate courses in exact sciences, noting that are made through its exponential setting. Then we exposed an approach using hyperbole as generating curve from the study of hyperbolic angles. The de nitions given it in parallel with the construction of the circular trigonometric functions, analyzing their similarities and di erences. Finally we present some of its applications, in particular and in more detail the catenary shape. / Neste trabalho apresentaremos um estudo das Funções Hiperbólicas e suas aplicações. Iniciamos com uma análise de como essas funções são abordadas em alguns livros de cálculo diferencial comumente usados nos cursos de graduação na área de exatas, constatando que são feitas através de sua defi nição exponencial. Em seguida expusemos uma abordagem utilizando-se da hipérbole como curva geratriz a partir do estudo de ângulos hiperbólicos. As de finições se deram paralelamente à construção das funções trigonométricas circulares, analisando suas semelhanças e diferenças. Por m apresentamos algumas de suas aplicações, em especial e de forma mais detalhada a catenária.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Esse trabalho à baseado no artigo On the geometry of horospheres [4]. Nosso objetivo à estudar condiÃÃes geomÃtricas que garantam que uma hipersuperfÃcie completa e orientÃvel imersa no espaÃo hiperbÃlico deve ser uma horoesfera. AlÃm disso, apresentamos um resultado que classifica as hipersuperfÃcies imersas no espaÃo hiperbÃlico tais que certas funÃÃes auxiliares da imersÃo correspondente sejam linearmente dependentes. / This work is based on the paper On the geometry of horospheres[4]. Our goal is to study geometric conditions which ensure that a complete and orientable hypersurface immersed in a hyperbolic space must be a horosphere. We also present a result that classifies immersed hypersurfaces in hyperbolic space, such that two natural functions attached to the corresponding immersion are linearly dependent.

Orientador: Edson Agustini / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T06:10:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arcari_Inedio_M.pdf: 2739163 bytes, checksum: 0ea17bdba620035f3cb29f9033fab926 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A presente dissertação é um texto introdutório de Geometria Hiperbólica com alguns resultados e comentários de Geometria Elíptica. Nossa intenção foi compilar um material que possa ser utilizado em cursos introdutórios de Geometria Hiperbólica tanto em nível de licenciatura quanto de bacharelado. Para tornar o texto mais acessível, notas históricas sobre a bela página do desenvolvimento das Geometrias Não Euclidianas foram introduzidas logo no primeiro capítulo. Procuramos ilustrar fartamente o texto com figuras dentre as quais várias que foram baseadas no Modelo Euclidiano do Disco de Poincaré para a Geometria Hiperbólica. Atualmente, o estudo de Geometria Hiperbólica tem sido bastante facilitado pelo uso de softwares de geometria dinâmica, como o Cabri-Géometre, GeoGebra e NonEuclid, sendo esses dois últimos softwares livres / Abstract: The present work is an introductory text of Hyperbolic Geometry with some results and comments of Elliptic eometry. Our aim in this work were to compile a material that can be used as introduction to Hyperbolic Geometry inundergraduated courses. In the first chapter we introduced historical notes about the beautiful development of the Non Euclid Geometries in order to turn the text more interesting and accesible. We illustrated the text with many figures which were done on the Euclidean Model of the Poincaré' s Disk for the Hyperbolic Geometry. In this way, the study of Hyperbolic Geometry has been softened by the use of softwares of dynamic geometry, like Cabri-Geométre and the freeware softwares GeoGebra and NonEuclid / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

The purpose of this thesis is to study the effects of hyperbolic transformations on the cubic that is determined by locus of centroids of the equilateral triangles in H² whose base coincides with the line y=0, and whose common vertex is at the origin. The derivation of the formulas within this work are based on the Poincaré disk model of H², where H² is understood to mean the hyperbolic plane. The thesis explores the properties of both the untransformed cubic (the original locus of centroids) and the transformed cubic (the original cubic taken under a linear fractional transformation).

abstract: Hyperbolic geometry, which is a geometry which concerns itself with hyperbolic space, has caught the eye of certain circles in the machine learning community as of late. Lauded for its ability to encapsulate strong clustering as well as latent hierarchies in complex and social networks, hyperbolic geometry has proven itself to be an enduring presence in the network science community throughout the 2010s, with no signs of fading into obscurity anytime soon. Hyperbolic embeddings, which map a given graph to hyperbolic space, have particularly proven to be a powerful and dynamic tool for studying complex networks. Hyperbolic embeddings are exploited in this thesis to illustrate centrality in a graph. In network science, centrality quantifies the influence of individual nodes in a graph. Eigenvector centrality is one type of such measure, and assigns an influence weight to each node in a graph by solving for an eigenvector equation. A procedure is defined to embed a given network in a model of hyperbolic space, known as the Poincare disk, according to the influence weights computed by three eigenvector centrality measures: the PageRank algorithm, the Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS) algorithm, and the Pinski-Narin algorithm. The resulting embeddings are shown to accurately and meaningfully reflect each node's influence and proximity to influential nodes. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2020