Tato diplomová práce vznikla jako reflexe intenzivního rozvoje českého kapitálového trhu reprezentovaného především Burzou cenných papírů Praha a.s. a jeho přibližování se ke světovým plně sofistikovaným trhům (světovým burzám cenných papírů) cestou rozšíření produktového portfólia o produkty derivátového charakteru. Mezi produkty nově obchodované na Burze cenných papírů Praha, a.s. patří od roku 2006 futures, pákové investiční certifikáty a warranty. Předložená práce se věnuje finančním futures na akciový index PX. Tato diplomová práce si klade za cíl popsat vyčerpávajícím způsobem obchodování s futures kontrakty na českém kapitálovém trhu napříč celým životním cyklem tohoto derivovaného produktu. Práce tak seznamuje čtenáře s bázickými charakteristikami futures kontraktů, s vypořádáním futures obchodů, se způsoby řízení rizik, s výpočtem denních zisků a ztrát vyplývajících z držby těchto kontraktů a v neposlední řadě se věnuje modelům ocenění futures.

This masters thesis deals with the phenomena of corruption and its methods of measuring. The objective of this thesis was to fully analyze the problem of corruption, its types, causes and consequences. This work describes organizations that measure corruption and the methods of its measuring. Most of the methods are based on the soft data gained in opinion polls. That is why the aim of this thesis was to link Corruption Perception Index with the truly measurable data as world tax index and size of shadow economy. The main finding of the work is negative correlation between world tax index and CPI and positive correlation between size of shadow economy and CPI.

Main goal of this thesis is to analyze human development index for European countries and provide cluster analysis not only of human development index but even of another quality of life variables and to find similarities between particular countries by using hierarchical methods. The first part focuses on quality of life and definition of human development index. Human development index is one possibility how to measure quality of life, there are mentioned another possibilities, though how to analyze it. The second part of the thesis focuses on cluster analysis definition, which is used for searching for similarities between particular countries. Five hierarchical cluster methods is used for classify countries into clusters. Euclidean metric is used for express the distance between countries. Similar variables between countries is judged according to sorting into clusters by hierarchical methods. Diploma thesis enlightens similarity between European countries from quality of life overview and provides statistical evidence about this topic. Results of the thesis confirms similarities between geographical close states.

The Diploma thesis deals with the topic of measuring the standard of living and quality of life in selected countries in Europe and further highlights the differences in the Visegrad countries. The aim of the work is to describe components of comprehensive concept of quality of life based on studies of specified literature. Moreover it describes the most frequently used methods for measuring quality of life. The methodological part describes the used methods. Secondary analysis and a design of own methodology to compare the standard of living is the object of practical part of Diploma thesis.

Since no lean body mass (LBM) index was available for women, the purpose of the present study was to use the formula of Behnke et al. in the calculation of an LBM Index for women.

Digital technologies have penetrated so many facets of people‘s lives that access to technology has become a dimension of social inclusion. It is widely assumed that access to digital technologies would result in higher standards of living and improved social welfare through interaction, commerce and learning in a global community and individuals without digital access will be excluded from this community. In order to leverage all the benefits and opportunities that the digital revolution promises, it is essential to include more citizens to the digital society. The Digital Inclusion Index is proposed as a tool to measure and examine the digital divide in South Africa.Current digital divide measurements are limited and narrow in focus. The Digital Inclusion Index proposed in this study is based on digital access levels of individuals to various digital technologies. The bi-annual AMPS survey results, containing data of more than 20 000 personal interviews, was used as secondary data. Factor analysis was used to assign a scale to each respondent‘s level of digital access. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square cross tabulations were used to profile the different levels of digital access.The study aimed to understand the digital environment of South Africa by creating the Digital Inclusion Index which measures the digital divide. The index was then applied to profile various levels of digital access in term of individual attributes and geographical regions. A risk group was identified where individuals have limited digital access. The index was applied to 2009 data to determine whether the digital divide has been growing or narrowing between 2009 and 2010. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / unrestricted

Background: Vocal tremor affects over half a million Americans. Tremor can affect structures within the respiratory, laryngeal, velopharyngeal, or oral regions (Critchley, 1949). No study has related the of tremor severity in structures in all four of these regions to the severity of vocal tremor. Purpose: The purpose of this study was (a) to describe the distribution and severity of tremor throughout the vocal tract and (b) to relate that to the severity of the voice tremor. We hypothesized that tremor would be widespread throughout the vocal tract, but most prevalent in the larynx, specifically in the true vocal folds. Additionally, we expected vocal tremor severity to be directly related to the distribution and severity of tremor in structures of the vocal tract. Method: Twenty adults with vocal tremor and two age-matched controls participated in the study. Two judges, experienced in assessment of laryngeal movement disorders, rated the tremor severity in each of 15 structures during sustained /i/, /s/, /h/, and rest breathing, and the severity of the voice tremor during sustained /i/, /s/, and /h/. Results: A novel finding of this study was the identification of distribution and severity of tremor in vocal tract structures associated with mild, moderate, and severe vocal tremor. Participants with mild voice tremor tended to show tremor limited to structures of the larynx, and in some cases, the velopharynx, and on average, had three structures affected (most commonly true vocal folds, supraglottic structures, and hypopharynx). Participants with moderate voice tremor tended to show tremor in the larynx and velopharynx, and on average, had five structures affected (most commonly true vocal folds, supraglottic structures, hypopharynx, vertical laryngeal movement, and some other velar, oral, or respiratory structure). Those with severe voice tremor showed tremor in the larynx, velopharynx, and beyond and on average, had eight structures affected (most commonly true vocal folds, supraglottic structures, hypopharynx, vertical laryngeal movement, anterior and lateral chest movement, velum, and jaw). A second novel finding, obtained through regression analyses, was that tremor severity of the supraglottic structures and vertical laryngeal movement contributed the most to the voice tremor severity during sustained phonation (r=0.77, F=16.17, p<0.0001). A strong positive correlation (r=0.72) was found between the Tremor Index, a composite value of the distribution and severity of structural tremor, and the severity of the voice tremor during sustained phonation. The correlation between the severity of tremor in the true vocal folds and the voice tremor was moderate (r=0.46). Mean voice tremor severity was greater in participants over age 75 (mean=2.25) than those between 66 and 75 years (mean=1.5) and under age 65 (mean=1.8). Mean Tremor Index, was greater in participants over age 65 (mean TI=68) than those under age 65 (mean=41). In this group of 20 participants, laryngeal/hypopharyngeal structures were most frequently (95%) and severely (rated 1.7 out of 3) affected, followed by velopharyngeal (40% occurrence, 1.3 severity), respiratory (40% occurrence, 1.1 severity), and oral (40% occurrence, 1.0 severity) regions during sustained phonation. Tremor was also identified more often and with greater severity in the larynx for sustained /s/ (70% occurrence, 1.7 severity), /h/ (40% occurrence, 1.7 severity), and rest breathing (45% occurrence, 1.6 severity) than other regions. During the voiceless and rest breathing tasks, the greatest tremor severity was noted in the true vocal folds. Conclusion: Evaluation of the distribution and severity of tremor may be useful in guiding behavioral and medical treatment of voice tremor and for providing prognostic information regarding response to laryngeal botulinum toxin injection.

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The diploma work focuses on evaluation of financial situation of REDA a.s. (Inc.) company in years 2006 – 2008. There will be a financial analysis implemented, based on theoretical findings which will help us to create the evaluation of the company. Then I suggest recommendations which should have a positive influence on the economical aspect of the company based on the results of this financial analysis.

The thesis is focused on extreme value theory and its applications. Initially, extreme value distribution is introduced and its properties are discussed. At this basis are described two models mostly used for an extreme value analysis, i.e. the block maxima model and the Pareto-distribution threshold model. The first one takes advantage in its robustness, however recently the threshold model is mostly preferred. Although the threshold choice strongly affects estimation quality of the model, an optimal threshold selection still belongs to unsolved issues of this approach. Therefore, the thesis is focused on techniques for proper threshold identification, mainly on adaptive methods suitable for the use in practice. For this purpose a simulation study was performed and acquired knowledge was applied for analysis of precipitation records from South-Moravian region. Further on, the thesis also deals with extreme value estimation within a stationary series framework. Usually, an observed time series needs to be separated to obtain approximately independent observations. The use of the advanced theory for stationary series allows to avoid the entire separation procedure. In this context the commonly applied separation techniques turn out to be quite inappropriate in most cases and the estimates based on theory of stationary series are obtained with better precision.