Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thèse (M.Ps.)--Université Laval, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. 64-72. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-151).

Data representations in low dimensions such as results from unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods are often visually interpreted to find clusters of observations. To identify clusters the result must be appreciably clustered. This property of a result may be called "clusteredness". When judged visually, the appreciation of clusteredness is highly subjective. In this paper we suggest an objective way to assess clusteredness in data representations. We provide a definition of clusteredness that captures important aspects of a clustered appearance. We characterize these aspects and define the extremes rigorously. For this characterization of clusteredness we suggest an index to assess the degree of clusteredness, coined the OPTICS Cordillera. It makes only weak assumptions and is a property of the result, invariant for different partitionings or cluster assignments. We provide bounds and a normalization for the index, and prove that it represents the aspects of clusteredness. Our index is parsimonious with respect to mandatory parameters but also exible by allowing optional parameters to be tuned. The index can be used as a descriptive goodness-of-clusteredness statistic or to compare different results. For illustration we use a data set of handwritten digits which are very differently represented in two dimensions by various popular dimensionality reduction results. Empirically, observers had a hard time to visually judge the clusteredness in these representations but our index provides a clear and easy characterisation of the clusteredness of each result. (authors' abstract) / Series: Discussion Paper Series / Center for Empirical Research Methods

Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a passagem transplacentária e colostral de cobre e seus principais antagonistas (Zn, S, Fe e Mo) por meio de dosagem sérica e no colostro, em cordeiros e ovelhas da raça Bergamácia. Foram utilizados 20 cordeiros provenientes de parto simples e suas respectivas mães da raça Bergamácia mantidas confinadas a partir de 15 dias antes do parto, alimentadas com silagem de sorgo, ração, feno, sal mineral e água ad libitum. Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue das mães, por venopunção jugular, para extração do soro no momento do parto e do colostro através de ordenha manual (30 mL) nos tempos 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o parto. Nos cordeiros foi colhido o sangue para obtenção do soro 0, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o nascimento. Também foram avaliados o peso, temperatura retal, volume globular (VG) e proteína plasmática total (PPT) dos cordeiros recém nascidos até 72 horas.Análises dos níveis de molibdênio, zinco, ferro, enxofre e cobre da silagem de sorgo, feno, sal mineral, ração, soro sanguíneo e colostro foram realizadas por espectofotômetro de absorção atômica. Concluiu-se que os cordeiros apresentaram ao nascimento concentrações séricas de Cu, Zn, S, Fe e Mo semelhante aos das ovelhas, evidenciando a existência de passagem transplacentária de minerais. Houve aumento nas concentrações séricas dos minerais (Cu, Zn, Fe, S e Mo) nos cordeiros após a ingestão do colostro. A concentração sérica de zinco e, sérica e colostral de cobre das mães apresentaram correlação positiva significativa com a concentração de cobre sérica dos cordeiros. O valor médio do índice de massa corporal (IMC) das mães 24 horas após o parto foi 118,55 ± 24,21 e dos cordeiros 24 horas após o nascimento foi 39,48 ± 7,67 / Abstract: The objective was to assess the transplacental and colostral copper and its main antagonists (Zn, S, Fe and Mo) by means of serum and colostrum, in lambs and ewes Bergamácia. We used 20 lambs from simple birth and their mothers Bergamasca kept confined from 15 days before calving, fed sorghum silage, feed, hay, mineral and water ad libitum. Blood samples were collected from mothers by venipuncture jugular extraction of serum at delivery and colostrum by milking (30 mL) at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after delivery. In lambs the blood was collected to obtain serum 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after birth. Were also assessed weight, rectal temperature, packed cell volume (PCV) and total plasma protein (TPP) of newborn lambs within 72 hours. Analysis of levels of molybdenum, zinc, iron, sulfur and copper from sorghum silage, hay, mineral salt diet, blood serum and colostrum were performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. It was concluded that the lambs at birth had serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, S, Fe and Mo similar to those of sheep, showing the existence of placental transfer of minerals. There was an increase in serum concentrations of minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, S and Mo) in the lambs after colostrum ingestion. Serum zinc and copper serum and colostrum of mothers had a significant positive correlation with the copper concentration in serum of lambs. The mean body mass index (BMI) of mothers 24 hours after delivery was 118.55 ± 24.21 and lambs 24 hours after birth was 39.48 ± 7.67 / Orientador: Simone Biagio Chiacchio / Coorientador: Raimundo Souza Lopes / Banca: Luis Souza Lima de Souza Reis / Banca: Simone Fernandes / Mestre

This article provides a framework for assessing and quantifying "clusteredness" of a data representation. Clusteredness is a global univariate property defined as a layout diverging from equidistance of points to the closest neighboring point set. The OPTICS algorithm encodes the global clusteredness as a pair of clusteredness-representative distances and an algorithmic ordering. We use this to construct an index for quantification of clusteredness, coined the OPTICS Cordillera, as the norm of subsequent differences over the pair. We provide lower and upper bounds and a normalization for the index. We show the index captures important aspects of clusteredness such as cluster compactness, cluster separation, and number of clusters simultaneously. The index can be used as a goodness-of-clusteredness statistic, as a function over a grid or to compare different representations. For illustration, we apply our suggestion to dimensionality reduced 2D representations of Californian counties with respect to 48 climate change related variables. Online supplementary material is available (including an R package, the data and additional mathematical details).

Recently, remotely sensed multispectral data have been proved to be very useful for many applications in the field of Earth surveys. For certain applications, however, limits in the spatial resolution of satellite sensors and variation in ground surface restrict the usefulness of the available data, since the observed spectral signature of the pixels is the result of a number of surface materials found in the area of the pixel. Two mixed pixel classification techniques which have shown high correlation with vegetation coverage of single pixels are described in this thesis: the vegetation indices and the linear mixing model. The two approaches are adjusted in order to deal with sets of pixels and not individual pixels. The sets of pixels are treated as statistical distributions and moments can be estimated. The vegetation indices and the linear mixing model can then be expressed in terms of these statistics. The illumination direction is an important factor that should be taken into account in mixed pixel classification, since it modifies the statistics of the distributions of pixels, and has received no attention until now. The effect of illumination on the relation between the vegetation indices and the proportion of sets of mixed pixels is examined. It is demonstrated that some vegetation indices, which are defined from the ratio of statistics in two spectral bands, can be considered relatively invariant to illumination changes. Finally, a new illumination invariant mixing model is proposed which is expressed in terms of some photometric invariant statistics. It is shown to perform very well and it can be used to un-mix accurately sets of pixels under many illumination angles. The newly introduced mixing model can be considered a suitable choice in the mixed pixel classification field. Key words: Mixed pixels, sets of pixels, vegetation index, illumination invariants.

The goal of this thesis which is called "Determination of the harvest date of apples" was find out a dependences between fabric components during maturation period. Four species of apples were selected (Idared, Golida, Topaz and Golden Delicous) in practise part. The samples were collected in eight terms. From each cultivar was taken five fruit. The fruits were analysed by quality parameters (titrable acids, soluble solids, firmness of the flesh and determination of starch). The main goal was identify the most appropriate parameter for assessment maturity at given cutivars. The basic parameter of apples were desribed in theory part, then better storage of fruit, new trends in storage or physioloical disease of apples in storage. Methods to determine the date of matury are described (Streife index, measuring the activity of physiological important gases).

This master thesis is concerned with the human development in Uganda as an alternative approach to the more researched economic development. In the literature review there are outlined possible ways of assessing of human development of society, living standards and inequalities among the population. The practical part is focused on the analysis of human development in the period 1980-2013 based on the Human Development Index (HDI) and its individual components - the index of health, index of education and income index. The analysis is also supplemented with several socioeconomic and demographic indicators related to the development of the country. Development index was explained in the socio-political context of the country.