The Master thesis deals with the use of financial analysis in company STABILA ČR, Ltd 2007 – 2010. Based on information drawn from the Company´s financial statements – balance shett, profit and loss account, cash flow and using appropriate methods, the data is processed ant the proposed options and recommendations to improve the economic situation of the future.

The Master thesis deals with the evaluation of the financial situation of the VRBA, s.r.o. company in years 2008 – 2010. Through use of selected indicators and methods, a financial analysis has been carried out, and on its basis have been proposed the options and recommendations to improve the economic situation of the future.

This master´s thesis is about evaluation the financial situation of PERSPEKTA s.r.o. company between 2007 and 2012 through selected financial indexes. The aim of this work is to analyze of current financial situation and to determine proposals for its improvement. The aim is fulfiled in the end of master´s thesis

A importância da aplicação de índices de gravidade em vítimas de trauma admitidas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), para comunicar a gravidade das lesões e avaliar a assistência prestada, motivou este estudo que teve como objetivos: caracterizar essas vítimas quanto aos dados demográficos e clínicos, incluindo as informações relacionadas aos índices prognósticos; comparar o desempenho do Injury Severity Score (ISS) perante ao New Injury Severity Score (NISS) e, também do Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) perante o Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) para predizer a mortalidade, o tempo de permanência em UTIs, e, identificar quais índices foram os mais efetivos para estimar esses desfechos. Foram estudadas, retrospectivamente, vítimas de trauma, maiores de 18 anos, admitidas nas UTIs do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre, junho a dezembro de 2006, pela análise dos prontuários. A casuística compôs-se de 185 vítimas. Os resultados mostraram maior freqüência de indivíduos jovens (idade média de 38,95 anos), do sexo masculino (76,76%), procedentes do Centro Cirúrgico (57,84%) e submetidos a algum tipo de tratamento cirúrgico (79,46%). As causas externas predominantes foram os acidentes de transporte (63,79%), quedas (15,13%) e agressões (11,90%). A taxa de mortalidade na UTI foi de 21,08% e no hospital, 21,62%. Dos que receberam alta da UTI, a maior parte foi encaminhada à unidade de internação. A média de tempo de internação na UTI foi de 16,55 dias e, no hospital, 21,71 dias. Um total de 14,60% das vítimas permaneceu internado por mais de 30 dias na UTI e, 21,08%, no hospital. Na análise dos indicadores de gravidade, a pontuação média do risco de morte calculado pelo SAPS II foi de 22,85% e, pelo LODS, 21,14%. O LODS superou o SAPS II nessa pontuação em 106 vítimas (57,30%). De acordo com o ISS e o NISS, vítimas com escore >= 16 totalizaram 61,62% e 84,33%, respectivamente. A pontuação NISS foi superior a ISS em 127 vítimas (68,65%). A maior parte das vítimas teve três regiões corpóreas lesadas (27,02%), sendo a região da cabeça/pescoço a mais atingida (61,08%). Quanto aos resultados do LODS, a maior parte apresentou dois sistemas comprometidos (29,72%), sendo o pulmonar o mais afetado (70,81%). ISS e NISS apresentaram desempenho semelhante e não mostraram boa capacidade discriminatória para ocorrência de óbito e tempo de permanência em UTIs. SAPS II e LODS, também, foram semelhantes em seu desempenho e não discriminaram adequadamente os pacientes, segundo o tempo de internação, embora mostrassem boa capacidade discriminatória para ocorrência de óbito nas UTIs. Ao comparar os quatro índices, identificou-se que SAPS II e LODS estimaram melhor a mortalidade em UTIs, porém, quanto ao tempo de permanência nas unidades, não houve diferenças entre os índices. Como conclusão, os resultados apontaram para o uso preferencial do SAPS II e do LODS quando vítimas de trauma são internadas em UTI / The importance of the application of severity indexes for trauma victims admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU), to communicate the severity of the injuries and evaluate the assistance rendered, motivated this study which had as its objective; to characterize these victims according to demographic and clinical data including information related to the prognostic indexes; to compare the performance of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) against the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and also the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) against the Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) to predict mortality and the Length of Stay (LOS) in the ICUs, and to identify which of these indexes were more effective in estimating the outcomes. This retrospective study included 185 trauma victims, over the age of 18, admitted to Intensive Care Units of the \"Hospital das Clinicas\" of the Medical School of the University of Sao Paulo, between the months of June to December 2006 through the use of patient records. The results showed that the largest frequency was young adults (average age 38.95 years) male gender (76.76%) coming from operating rooms (57.84%) who underwent some type of surgical treatment (79.46%). The external causes were predominantly from motor vehicle accidents (63.79%), falls (15.13%) and acts of aggression (11.90%). The mortality rate in the ICU and in the hospital was 21.08% and 21.62% respectively. Of those who were discharged from the ICU, the majority were transferred to other units of the hospital. The average LOS in the ICU and in the hospital was 16.55 days and 21.71 days respectively. A total of 14.60% of the victims remained in the ICU for more than 30 days and 21.08% remained in the hospital. During analysis of the severity indexes, the average score for risk of mortality, calculated by SAPS II, was 22.85% and by LODS 21.14% which surpassed SAPS II in 106 of the victims (57.30%). According to ISS and NISS, the victims with scores equal to or greater than 16 totaled 61.62% and 84.33 % respectively. NISS scores were superior to ISS in 127 of the victims (68.65%). The majority of the victims had 3 corporal regions with injuries (27.02%) with the head/neck being the most prevalent (61.08%). According to the LODS results, the majority showed 2 systems compromised (29.72%), with the lungs being the most affected (70.81%). ISS and NISS presented a similar performance and did not present a good capacity to discriminate mortality and LOS in the ICUs. SAPS II and LODS were also similar in their performance and did not adequately discriminate the patients in reference to LOS, although it did show a good capacity to discriminate mortality in the ICUs. When comparing the 4 indexes, SAPS II and LODS better estimated the mortality in the ICUs however, regarding the LOS; there were no differences between the indexes. In conclusion, the results indicate a preferential use of SAPS II and LODS when trauma victims are interned in the ICU

by Chiu Mei-Yee, Pamela, Pong Kwok-Hung, Patrick. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEGEMENTS --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- OBJECTIVES --- p.3 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter IV. --- THE SAMPLE --- p.9 / Chapter V. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.14 / The Market Model --- p.15 / Methods to Estimate the Excess Returns --- p.16 / Chapter VI. --- RESULTS AND ANALYSIS --- p.19 / Price Effects on Inclusion in HSI --- p.19 / Price Effects on Exclusion from HSI --- p.33 / Comparison between Inclusion and Exclusion --- p.41 / Chapter VII. --- IMPLICATIONS --- p.42 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.45 / APPENDIX --- p.47 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.52

Ho Kin Fai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Motivation --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chapter Layout --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Summary --- p.7 / Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Implied Asset Return Distribution --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Jarrow-Rudd Skewness and Kurtosis-Adjusted Model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Implied Moments in Asset Return Distribution --- p.24 / Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.26 / Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.28 / Chapter 3.1 --- Application to the Nikkei Index Options --- p.28 / Chapter 3.2 --- In-Sample Parameters Estimation --- p.31 / Chapter 3.3 --- Out-Sample Prediction Error Evaluation --- p.34 / Chapter 3.4 --- Time-Series Movements of Higher Moments --- p.35 / Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.37 / Chapter 4 --- Empirical Results --- p.38 / Chapter 4.1 --- In-Sample Parameters Estimation --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Out-Sample Prediction Error Evaluation --- p.43 / Chapter 4.3 --- Time Series Movements of Higher Moments --- p.45 / Chapter 4.4 --- Implications --- p.55 / Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.57 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusions --- p.59 / Chapter A --- Additional Figures --- p.62

Lam Suet-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-117). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWOLEDGMENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter ONE --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter TWO --- REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE --- p.6 / Parametric Models / Nonparametric Estimation Techniques / Chapter THREE --- METHODOLOGY --- p.21 / Parametric Models / Nonparametric Models / Chapter FOUR --- DATA DESCRIPTION --- p.33 / Chapter FIVE --- EMPIRICAL FINDINGS --- p.39 / Estimation Results / Evaluation of Model Performance / Out-of-sample Forecast Evaluation / Chapter SIX --- CONCLUSION --- p.58 / TABLES --- p.62 / ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.97 / APPENDIX --- p.107 / BIBOGRAPHY --- p.111

A importância da aplicação de índices de gravidade em vítimas de trauma admitidas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), para comunicar a gravidade das lesões e avaliar a assistência prestada, motivou este estudo que teve como objetivos: caracterizar essas vítimas quanto aos dados demográficos e clínicos, incluindo as informações relacionadas aos índices prognósticos; comparar o desempenho do Injury Severity Score (ISS) perante ao New Injury Severity Score (NISS) e, também do Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) perante o Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) para predizer a mortalidade, o tempo de permanência em UTIs, e, identificar quais índices foram os mais efetivos para estimar esses desfechos. Foram estudadas, retrospectivamente, vítimas de trauma, maiores de 18 anos, admitidas nas UTIs do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo entre, junho a dezembro de 2006, pela análise dos prontuários. A casuística compôs-se de 185 vítimas. Os resultados mostraram maior freqüência de indivíduos jovens (idade média de 38,95 anos), do sexo masculino (76,76%), procedentes do Centro Cirúrgico (57,84%) e submetidos a algum tipo de tratamento cirúrgico (79,46%). As causas externas predominantes foram os acidentes de transporte (63,79%), quedas (15,13%) e agressões (11,90%). A taxa de mortalidade na UTI foi de 21,08% e no hospital, 21,62%. Dos que receberam alta da UTI, a maior parte foi encaminhada à unidade de internação. A média de tempo de internação na UTI foi de 16,55 dias e, no hospital, 21,71 dias. Um total de 14,60% das vítimas permaneceu internado por mais de 30 dias na UTI e, 21,08%, no hospital. Na análise dos indicadores de gravidade, a pontuação média do risco de morte calculado pelo SAPS II foi de 22,85% e, pelo LODS, 21,14%. O LODS superou o SAPS II nessa pontuação em 106 vítimas (57,30%). De acordo com o ISS e o NISS, vítimas com escore >= 16 totalizaram 61,62% e 84,33%, respectivamente. A pontuação NISS foi superior a ISS em 127 vítimas (68,65%). A maior parte das vítimas teve três regiões corpóreas lesadas (27,02%), sendo a região da cabeça/pescoço a mais atingida (61,08%). Quanto aos resultados do LODS, a maior parte apresentou dois sistemas comprometidos (29,72%), sendo o pulmonar o mais afetado (70,81%). ISS e NISS apresentaram desempenho semelhante e não mostraram boa capacidade discriminatória para ocorrência de óbito e tempo de permanência em UTIs. SAPS II e LODS, também, foram semelhantes em seu desempenho e não discriminaram adequadamente os pacientes, segundo o tempo de internação, embora mostrassem boa capacidade discriminatória para ocorrência de óbito nas UTIs. Ao comparar os quatro índices, identificou-se que SAPS II e LODS estimaram melhor a mortalidade em UTIs, porém, quanto ao tempo de permanência nas unidades, não houve diferenças entre os índices. Como conclusão, os resultados apontaram para o uso preferencial do SAPS II e do LODS quando vítimas de trauma são internadas em UTI / The importance of the application of severity indexes for trauma victims admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICU), to communicate the severity of the injuries and evaluate the assistance rendered, motivated this study which had as its objective; to characterize these victims according to demographic and clinical data including information related to the prognostic indexes; to compare the performance of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) against the New Injury Severity Score (NISS) and also the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) against the Logistic Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) to predict mortality and the Length of Stay (LOS) in the ICUs, and to identify which of these indexes were more effective in estimating the outcomes. This retrospective study included 185 trauma victims, over the age of 18, admitted to Intensive Care Units of the \"Hospital das Clinicas\" of the Medical School of the University of Sao Paulo, between the months of June to December 2006 through the use of patient records. The results showed that the largest frequency was young adults (average age 38.95 years) male gender (76.76%) coming from operating rooms (57.84%) who underwent some type of surgical treatment (79.46%). The external causes were predominantly from motor vehicle accidents (63.79%), falls (15.13%) and acts of aggression (11.90%). The mortality rate in the ICU and in the hospital was 21.08% and 21.62% respectively. Of those who were discharged from the ICU, the majority were transferred to other units of the hospital. The average LOS in the ICU and in the hospital was 16.55 days and 21.71 days respectively. A total of 14.60% of the victims remained in the ICU for more than 30 days and 21.08% remained in the hospital. During analysis of the severity indexes, the average score for risk of mortality, calculated by SAPS II, was 22.85% and by LODS 21.14% which surpassed SAPS II in 106 of the victims (57.30%). According to ISS and NISS, the victims with scores equal to or greater than 16 totaled 61.62% and 84.33 % respectively. NISS scores were superior to ISS in 127 of the victims (68.65%). The majority of the victims had 3 corporal regions with injuries (27.02%) with the head/neck being the most prevalent (61.08%). According to the LODS results, the majority showed 2 systems compromised (29.72%), with the lungs being the most affected (70.81%). ISS and NISS presented a similar performance and did not present a good capacity to discriminate mortality and LOS in the ICUs. SAPS II and LODS were also similar in their performance and did not adequately discriminate the patients in reference to LOS, although it did show a good capacity to discriminate mortality in the ICUs. When comparing the 4 indexes, SAPS II and LODS better estimated the mortality in the ICUs however, regarding the LOS; there were no differences between the indexes. In conclusion, the results indicate a preferential use of SAPS II and LODS when trauma victims are interned in the ICU

A collection of hardware weightless Boolean elements has been developed. These form fundamental building blocks which have particular pertinence to the field of weightless neural networks. They have also been shown to have merit in their own right for the design of robust architectures. A major element of this is a collection of weightless Boolean sum and threshold techniques. These are fundamental building blocks which can be used in weightless architectures particularly within the field of weightless neural networks. Included in these is the implementation of L-max also known as N point thresholding. These elements have been applied to design a Boolean weightless hardware version of Austin’s ADAM neural network. ADAM is further enhanced by the addition of a new learning paradigm, that of non-Hebbian Learning. This new method concentrates on the association of ‘dis-similarity’, believing this is as important as areas of similarity. Image processing using hardware weightless neural networks is investigated through simulation of digital filters using a Type 1 Neuroram neuro-filter. Simulations have been performed using MATLAB to compare the results to a conventional median filter. Type 1 Neuroram has been tested on an extended collection of noise types. The importance of the threshold has been examined and the effect of cascading both types of filters was examined. This research has led to the development of several novel weightless hardware elements that can be applied to image processing. These patented elements include a weightless thermocoder and two weightless median filters. These novel robust high speed weightless filters have been compared with conventional median filters. The robustness of these architectures has been investigated when subjected to accelerated ground based generated neutron radiation simulating the atmospheric radiation spectrum experienced at commercial avionic altitudes. A trial investigating the resilience of weightless hardware Boolean elements in comparison to standard weighted arithmetic logic is detailed, examining the effects on the operation of the function when implemented on hardware experiencing high energy neutron bombardment induced single event effects. Further weightless Boolean elements are detailed which contribute to the development of a weightless implementation of the traditionally weighted self ordered map.

Study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In a rational efficiently functioning market, the price of the share index and share index futures contracts should be perfectly contemporaneously correlated. According to the cost of carry model, the futures price should equal its fair value at maturity. The basis should be equal to the cost of carry throughout the duration of the futures contract. However, in practice the cost of carry model is obscured and the basis varies and is normally not equal to the cost of carry. Reasons for this variability in basis include the mark-to-market requirement of the futures contract, the differential tax treatment of spot and futures contracts, as well as the transaction cost of entering into a contract. Transaction costs are lower for futures contracts than for spot contracts. This study uses the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (1995) model to examine the relationship between the basis and volatility of the underlying index and between the open interest of the futures contract and the volatility of the underlying index. Chen et al. (1995) predicted that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index and that the open interest is positively related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study will also test the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the basis has a negative concave relationship with the level of interest rate. The tests were performed on data from ALSI, FINI and INDI futures contracts. The sample period was from January 1998 to December 2001. The results correspond to those obtained by Chen et al. (1995) in that the basis is negatively related to the volatility of the underlying index. This is true for all the three indices. The other main prediction of the Chen, Cuny and Haugen (CCH) model (1995), which is also supported by the study, is that open interest is significantly related to the volatility of the underlying index. The study also supports the statement by Helmer and Longstaff (1991) that the there is a highly significant negative concave relationship between the basis and interest rate. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In "n mark wat rasioneel funksioneer, behoort die prys van die aandele-indeks en aandele-indekstermynkontrakte perfek gekorreleer te wees in tyd. Volgens die drakostemodel behoort die termynkontrakprys op die vervaldatum gelyk te wees aan die billike waarde daarvan. Die basis behoort vir die looptyd van die termynkontrak gelyk te wees aan die drakoste. In die praktyk word die drakostemodel egter vertroebel en wissel die basis en is dit gewoonlik nie gelyk aan die drakoste nie. Redes vir hierdie veranderlikheid van die basis sluit in die waardasie teenoor markprys van die termynkontrak, die belasting van toepassing op loko- en termynkontrakte, asook die transaksiekoste by die aangaan van "n kontrak. transaksiekoste vir termynkontrakte is laer as vir lokokontrakte. Hierdie studie gebruik die model van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) om die verwantskap tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en tussen die oop kontrakte van die termynkontrak en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks te ondersoek. Chen et al. (1995) voer aan dat daar 'n negatiewe verwantskap is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks en dat daar "n positiewe verwantskap is tussen die oop rente en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Die studie toets ook Helmer en Longstaff (1991) se hipotese dat daar 'n negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoersvlak bestaan. Die toetse is uitgevoer op data van ALSI-, FINI- EN INDItermynkontrakte. Die steekproef was van Januarie 1998 tot Desember 2001. Die resultate stem ooreen met dié van Chen, Cuny en Haugen (1995) se model (CCH-model) in dié opsig dat daar "n negatiewe verband is tussen die basis en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks. Dit geld vir al drie die indekse. Die ander hoofresultate van Chen et al. (1995), wat ook deur die studie ondersteun word, is dat daar "n beduidende verband tussen die oop kontrakte en die volatiliteit van die onderliggende indeks bestaan. Die studie ondersteun ook Helmer en Longstaff(1991) se siening dat daar 'n beduidende, negatiewe, konkawe verhouding tussen die basis en die rentekoers bestaan.