Thesis (Ph. D.)--Agra University, 1955. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [409]-426).

"Originally submitted in 1933 as a thesis for the master of arts degree of the Bombay University." / "Select bibliography": p. [204]-207.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 960-984). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 960-984). Also available on the Internet.

This dissertation explores the influence of regional cultures and, more specifically, of regionally based and regionally determined aesthetic preferences, on the Hindustani classical music tradition. The period from the late 19th century up through the decades following independence in 1947 saw a great deal of change both in Indian society as a whole and, by extension, within the Hindustani tradition. One of these changes was a transition in the demographic profile of the average Hindustani performer from Muslim, essentially low-caste, and hereditary, to Hindu, middle-class, and largely high caste. The other aspect of this demographic transition, namely that there was also a shift in the regional origins of the average classical musician from those native to North India to those native to the two historical regions of Bengal and Maharashtra, has largely been neglected by scholars, including ethnomusicologists. The primary assumption informing this study, then, is that, as almost every aspect of Indian culture varies markedly from region to region (including language, food habits, etc.), the regional cultures of Maharashtra and Bengal must have impacted classical music as it migrated to these regions. I approach this issue in two ways, which I term as the “Inside View” and the “Outside View.” The first represents a combination of the most common approach favored by scholars of Hindustani music, a generally objectivist approach that focuses primarily on biographies of individual musicians and on description and analysis of specifically musical processes, along with the viewpoint of the average Hindustani performer. The answers provided by this approach are partial. I complement this view of modern Hindustani music with the “Outside View,” which examines change in the tradition through the lens of larger social processes, particularly the influence of the tastes or aesthetic preferences of audience members native to these two regions, as well as by other aspects of regional culture, including the impact of semi-classical music genres native to these regions. As such, I not only demonstrate that specifically regional factors have impacted the style of classical music practiced in each of these regions, but also attempt to quantify and describe these changes. / text

Eocene dykes intruding the Ladakh batholith were sampled along the southern margin of the Trans-himalayan plutonic arc in Ladakh, NW-India. Approximately 30 dykes were encountered in the 40 km trail between Leh and Hemis Shugpachan. The dykes in the east of the field are trending E to NE and those in the west trending N to NW, exhibiting sub-parallel orientations within each area. Eighteen dykes were sampled (two of them multiple times) and subjected to petrographic, geochemical and isotopic analyses. They exhibit various degrees of differentiation from basaltic to rhyolitic compositions and are mainly composed of plagioclase, quartz, hornblende (s.l.) and/or biotite and magnetite. Furthermore, dykes in the eastern part of the field area contain quartz xenocrysts resulting from crustal assimilation, while no relict quartz was found in the west. The dykes exhibit alteration phases and features suggesting that they underwent autometamorphism, i.e. hydration reactions due to igneous cooling. Whereas the dykes in the east of the field area record low-T alteration, the mineral parageneses in the west are typical for alteration at elevated temperatures typical for greenschist metamorphic facies. Al-in-hornblende barometry performed on Magnesio-hornblende and Tschermakitic-hornblende phenocrysts of the least altered dyke indicates formation in upper-amphibolite metamorphic facies conditions and pressures of about 6 kbar corresponding to an intrusion depth of approximately 20 km. Major and trace element analyses and Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotope analyses revealed a stunning variability in geochemistry and isotopic composition amongst the coeval dykes. All dykes exhibit LREE enrichment and HREE depletion as well as negative Tb and Nb anomalies characteristic for subduction-related intrusives and extrusives. Their REE patterns support a clear subdivision into chemically distinct groups. The group hypothesis was further tested and found valid using statistical tools designed to assess similarity/dissimilarity amongst individuals of a group with a common ancestor, such as hierarchical cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling. The dykes are cogenetic, but clearly not consanguineous, i.e. have not formed from one, progressively differentiating magma chamber. The variability observed in Sr-Nd isotopes can be explained by the dykes having undergone differing degrees of crustal assimilation. In particular the dykes in the east containing quartz xenocrysts show negative iiNd) and positive N(Sr) values caused by crustal assimilation, whereas the dykes in the west with no quartz xenocrysts exhibit positive qqNd) and N(Sr) near zero. 39Ar-40Ar dating by incremental heating of several hornblende-bearing dykes revealed crystallization ages between 50 and 54 Ma, whereas two biotite-bearing dykes gave ages of 45 and 37 Ma, likely to be cooling or recrystallisation ages. The combination of structural field evidence with petrographic, petrologic, geochemical, isotopic and geochronological analyses demonstrates that the dykes, although sharing a common origin, i.e. having formed in the same tectonic setting at roughly the same time, have undergone further geological processes leading to an unexpected diversification of the dykes. These findings provide ample scope for further in-depth and breadth investigations on “late-magmatic dykes” in the future. / published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

No description available.

No description available.

By the beginning of the nineteenth century imprisonment was slowly becoming the favoured form of punishment for criminals in Britain and wider Europe. The nineteenth century was therefore a time when penal institutions were coming under scrutiny. In British-India, the Prison Discipline Committee of 1838 and the 1864 Inquiry Committee attempted to address a number of issues within the colonial Indian jails ranging from discipline and administration to health, labour and rehabilitation. There are important questions that need to be more thoroughly explored in relation to these periods of reform: What were the different points of emphasis of the proposed reforms in each period? What continuity or change can be observed between 1838 and 1864 and what accounted for it? The prison reform of this period in India reflected the various and fluctuating ideas on punishment and criminality that also characterised Britain, America and Europe. However, the approach of the 1838 Prison Discipline Committee and the 1864 Inquiry Committee often attested to the British preoccupation with “progress” and asserting control over the Indian population rather than addressing the needs of the prisoners. Furthermore, the conceptualization of Indian criminals by the British impacted upon ideas relating to convict rehabilitation. Although work has been done in this area of British-India’s history, there is a need to draw together the various threads of reform to create a clearer picture of the overall character and development of prison reform in nineteenth-century British-India.

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