A l'occasion de la réforme de la législation marocaine du travail, l'inspection du travail en tant qu'outil du contrôle de l'application de la législation du travail et de gestion de relations professionnelles a connu une revalorisation importante, son champ de compétence a connu une extension substantielle liée directement à celle du nouveau code du travail dont les dispositions prévalent lorsqu'il y a existence de relations de travail ou d'apprentissage.l'intervention de l'inspection du travail met en jeu des problématiques liées à l'emploi, à la promotion du tripartisme d'abord au sein de l'entreprise (action quotidienne) et en dehors du cadre étroit de l'entreprise.les missions de l'inspection du travail s'exercent de plus en plus dans un contexte économique marqué par la mondialisation et son corollaire les mutations sociales profondes dont notamment : (reconversion, délocalisation, développement de l'off-shoring, la réduction des effectifs, la précarisation de l'emploi, le recul du syndicalisme et l'extension du secteur informel). devant cette situation, certains acteurs économiques veulent plutôt privilégier la fonction d'information, de conseil et d'accompagnement de l'inspection du travail.a l'opposé, d'autres acteurs préconisent la fonction de contrôle et le renforcement du rôle répressif de l'inspection du travail en faisant bénéficier de son action de protection de plus en plus de secteurs d'activité et de travailleurs d'abord par l'application du droit du travail ensuite par la promotion de la négociation sociale et du dialogue social, ainsi que son intervention dans le processus de règlement des conflits. la fonction de contrôle ne peut céder le pas aux autres fonctions et domaines de compétences.notre étude portera sur la problématique qui se pose pour l'inspection du travail en terme de dilemme. une application trop stricte de la législation sociale menacerait d'extinction des activités génératrices de richesses et d'emplois. a l'opposé, la non application des normes de travail créerait une situation de concurrence déloyale à l'égard du secteur structuré, indépendamment de l'injustice sociale dont sont victimes les salariés concernés.nous supposerons que pour dépasser cette situation, il faudra s'acheminer vers une application progressive du droit de travail et l'adoption d'une législation sociale adaptée, réaliste et évolutive.en tout cas, étant chargés de la constatation des infractions, il ne sera pas déplacé d'évaluer le rôle des inspecteurs du travail en la matière ainsi que les sanctions susceptibles d'être prononcées à l'encontre des employeurs et, éventuellement, contre les salariés, d'autant plus qu'il s'agit là des moyens d'action non négligeables reconnus à ces agents.dès lors, un certain nombre de questions et d'interrogations, méritent des éclairages en tenant compte à la fois de la nécessité de réaliser la promotion du travail et en prenant en considération les réalités et les contraintes internes et externes.a noter aussi que les règles relatives aux pouvoirs et obligations des agents de l'inspection du travail sont étendues non seulement aux médecins, mais aussi aux ingénieurs chargés du contrôle de l'application des lois et règlements du travail « dans les limites de leur spécialités ». aussi convient-il d'en tenir compte lors de l'examen de la mission et des moyens d'action des agents dépendants du ministère de l'emploi, notamment de par leur statut. aussi ne sera-t-on pas surpris que soit souligné le manque de moyens pour que ces inspecteurs s'acquittent convenablement de leurs tâches, notamment au regard de la nouvelle législation marocaine du travail. c'est là l'une des problématiques de la soumission de tous les secteurs au droit du travail et son impact réducteur du contrôle de l'inspection du travail. / Le résumé en anglais n'a pas été communiqué par l'auteur.

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thèse--Droit--Paris, 1902.

Thesis (M.Hous.Man.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-81).

Sustaining the safety and operability of civil infrastructure assets, including buildings, is a complex undertaking that requires a perpetual cycle involving inspection, and further decisions for renewal fund allocation. However, inspection, which is the basis for all subsequent decisions, is a complex task to manage, particularly when a large number of assets are involved. The current lack of a structured process with visual referencing as well as the high subjectivity and inflexibility to changing inspection requirements make current inspections very costly and time consuming. This research improves the building inspection process by introducing a 3D system for inspection management that has four unique features: (1) a structured assessment approach that considers multiple organizations, buildings and inspectors, using a GIS interface; (2) a 3D visual referencing method for marking problem areas during inspections to facilitate all on-site inspections, thus reducing time and cost; (3) a visual guidance module to reduce inspection subjectivity; and (4) a flexible module for designing different assessment types. The proposed inspection management system creates 3D building plans from 2D Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD) to provide location referencing that enhances inspection effectiveness. The visual guidance system allows inspectors with various experience levels to perform consistent inspections and requires less training, thus reducing costs. Flexible inspection generation also allows a variety of inspection types, such as condition and level of service, to be readily incorporated. A computerized prototype system has been developed using the Windows Presentation Foundation’s XAML markup language with underlying C# programming on a tablet computer for experimentation. The thesis provides a detailed description of system development and reports the benefits of the system on a sample inspection. Accordingly, the system has proven most useful for large organizations that own a large number of building assets that require frequent inspections.

Sustaining the safety and operability of civil infrastructure assets, including buildings, is a complex undertaking that requires a perpetual cycle involving inspection, and further decisions for renewal fund allocation. However, inspection, which is the basis for all subsequent decisions, is a complex task to manage, particularly when a large number of assets are involved. The current lack of a structured process with visual referencing as well as the high subjectivity and inflexibility to changing inspection requirements make current inspections very costly and time consuming. This research improves the building inspection process by introducing a 3D system for inspection management that has four unique features: (1) a structured assessment approach that considers multiple organizations, buildings and inspectors, using a GIS interface; (2) a 3D visual referencing method for marking problem areas during inspections to facilitate all on-site inspections, thus reducing time and cost; (3) a visual guidance module to reduce inspection subjectivity; and (4) a flexible module for designing different assessment types. The proposed inspection management system creates 3D building plans from 2D Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD) to provide location referencing that enhances inspection effectiveness. The visual guidance system allows inspectors with various experience levels to perform consistent inspections and requires less training, thus reducing costs. Flexible inspection generation also allows a variety of inspection types, such as condition and level of service, to be readily incorporated. A computerized prototype system has been developed using the Windows Presentation Foundation’s XAML markup language with underlying C# programming on a tablet computer for experimentation. The thesis provides a detailed description of system development and reports the benefits of the system on a sample inspection. Accordingly, the system has proven most useful for large organizations that own a large number of building assets that require frequent inspections.

Turkey has lived an awakening after the earthquakes of 17 August 1996 in Marmara and 12 November 1999 in D&uuml / zce. Turkey has paid the cost of a delayed awakening with the loss of approximately 45,000 citizens and 20 billion dollars. Turkey, which is located on active seismic fault lines, has previously encountered such destructive earthquakes but necessary measures have not been taken due to the previous earthquakes not striking the large metropolis and industrial zones, lower losses in terms of lives and property, and lack of interest of the media in terms of the issue. The importance and necessity of building inspection could only be realized after said disaster. Subsequently, the Ministry has worked like a factory producing laws, regulations and decrees having the force of law and has implemented numerous practices in a rush. Said practices containing the post-earthquake haste and reactive approaches are currently still being discussed and could only be regulated within a period of 2-3 years. This study will examine the building inspection system, which has been applied in Turkey prior to the earthquakes of 1999, which are considered as a sad turning point, and the laws and applications related with thereof. Subsequently, the building inspection practices of certain countries, unions and international legislations will be discussed in order to provide for examination and comparison of the laws, regulations and practices, enacted by the Ministry after 1999, at international level. The study will be concluded with the examination of the building inspection systems recommended after the year 1999, study of the inefficient aspects and recommendation of specific solutions.

Ensuring inspection performance is not a trivial design problem, because inspection is a complex and difficult task that tends to be error-prone, whether performed by human or by automated machines. Due to economical or technological reasons, human inspectors are responsible for inspection functions in many cases. Humans, however, are rarely perfect. A system of manual inspection was found to be approximately 80-90% effective, thus allowing non-confirming parts to be processed (Harris & Chaney, 1969; Drury, 1975). As the attributes of interest or the variety of products increases, the complexity of an inspection task increases. The inspection system becomes less effective because of the sensory and cognitive limitations of human inspectors. Any means that can support or aid the human inspectors is necessary to compensate for inspection difficulty. Augmented reality offers a new approach in designing an inspection system as a means to augment the cognitive capability of inspectors. To realize the potential benefits of AR, however the design of AR-aided inspection requires a through understanding of the inspection process as well as AR technology. The cognitive demands of inspection and the capabilities of AR to aid inspectors need to be evaluated to decide when and how to use AR for a dimensional inspection. The objectives of this study are to improve the performance of a dimensional inspection task by using AR and to develop guidelines in designing an AR-aided inspection system. The performance of four inspection methods (i.e., manual, 2D-aided, 3D-aided, and AR-aided inspections) was compared in terms of inspection time and measurement accuracy. The results suggest that AR might be an effective tool that reduces inspection time. However, the measuring accuracy was basically the same across all inspection methods. The questionnaire results showed that the AR and 3D-aided inspection conditions are preferred over the manual and 2D-aided inspection. Based on the results, four design guidelines were formed in using AR technology for a dimensional inspection. / Ph. D.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1952 M65 / Master of Science

No description available.