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Increasing M&A activity has during recent years shown no indication of slowing down. Contrastingly the success rate of the M&A’s are still low, accordingly an increased frequency of demergers is a likely outcome. The demerger phenomenon has yet to reach the gaze of the academic community, where little is known surrounding the subject. This study takes a qualitative approach to try to understand the underlying reasons that drive a demerger process, and the factors that determine the success of a demerger process, through the lens of M&A literature. Our findings provide indications that the planning and execution of the disintegration and communication within a demerger correlates to demerger success. Furthermore, our contributions give indications that building employee commitment is an essential driver that enhances the possibility of a successful demerger.

The hospitalization of childbirth and maternal care in Sweden is from an international perspective quite unique. It was implemented already in the beginning of the 20th century and fully mainstreamed by the 1960’s. This essay examines the professional discussions of midwives and doctors as depicted in their union’s membership papers, during the hospitalization period. The hospitalization of childbirths presented a shift in responsibility and power from the midwives to the doctors, which has lead previous research to analyse this development as a clear conflict of professional interest. I will argue however that the professional frictions came later, as the midwife profession grew stronger as a collective, and were not so much present in the actual making. This essay investigates why, and touches upon class and gender divergences as explanatory factors. My findings are in part that the overtaking was more elaborate from the doctor’s point of view than the midwives. Through undermining the midwives professional competence, denying them necessary resources and advocating their superiority in the midwives internal debates, the doctor’s managed to steer the development of hospitalization and establish the hierarchy that followed. Today’s lively and sometimes infectious debate on the organization of childbirth and maternal care highlights the necessity for a deeper historical understanding and background to the indeed different positions midwives and doctors take in this regard.

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I begin my discussion of the question 'Why should I be moral?' by drawing distinctions both between possible different senses of 'moral' and also between different conceptions of what morality requires. I then criticize the idea that one should be moral because it serves self-interest. Self-interest is served by one's having benevolent concern for only a fairly small number of others, but being moral involves more than this. Furthermore, having moral dispositions other than benevolence is in one's interest only if these dispositions are required by the moral code predominant in one's society. Moreover, even if we confine our attention to people who live in such a society, each person would probably be better off with moral dispositions that were not so strong that they would always get their way, but the completely moral person would presumably have overriding moral dispositions. Finally, having the correct moral beliefs may not be in one's interest. But whatever the gap between self-interest and morality, might one not have most reason to be moral? Derek Parfit has recently argued that the view that one has most reason to do whatever best achieves one's present aims (and these may sometimes be moral aims) is at least as good as the view that one has most reason to do what best promotes one's own long-term good. I attack some of his arguments. But I then go on to argue that moral requirements as such—i.e., independently of whether they are reflected in present desires—do generate reasons for action. But are these moral reasons always stronger than reasons of other kinds? On the basis of an example I describe in the closing pages, I reluctantly conclude that they are not.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-210). / Microfiche. / xv, 210 leaves, bound 29 cm